Sivasankar / Mylsamy / Omine Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Bioelectricity

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-92904-0
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 320 Seiten

In view of the increased consumption of energy due to the proliferation of electronic devices, this book addresses the trends, similarities, differences and advances in fuel cells of both chemical and biological composition. Fundamentals of microbial fuel cells are described, accompanied by details surrounding their uses and limitations. Chapters on electricigens, microbial group investigations and performance, Rumen Fluid microbes and state-of-the-art advances in microbial fuel cell technology are discussed. The book elaborates upon analytical techniques used for biofilm characterization. It also includes chapters on MFC models that include plant-based MFCs, Algal/Fungi MFCs, MDCs and MFCs using animal waste. A critical review on the performance of MFC technology in field trials is offered in an exclusively dedicated section. By addressing one of the most promising sources for clean and renewable energy, this book fills a pressing need to understand a possible solution for meeting the energy demands in our highly advanced technical world.

Dr. Venkataraman Sivasankar received his doctorate in Chemistry in 2009 from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Presently, he is a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Department of Civil Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. He has been a faculty member in the Department of Chemistry in Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, India since 2014. His research areas include materials synthesis and wastewater treatment. He received the prestigious JSPS fellowship in 2016. To his credit, he has more than 50 research articles in Peer - Reviewed journals and five book chapters in volumes with of renowned publishers. He edited a book on Surface Modified Carbons as Scavengers of Fluoride from Water in 2016 with Springer. He collaborates and performs research with professors in universities and research laboratories in Algeria, France, Japan, Iran and South Africa.Dr. M. Prabhakaran is an Assistant Professor of Botany in Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He completed his doctorate in 2012 at the University of Madras, Chennai, India. His research focus is on algal bio-technology which includes algal MFCs. He was awarded the DST - SERB Young Scientist Award in 2013. He has been accredited with a major project (DST) and a minor project from UGC. He is credited with 15 original research papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals, one authored book and five book chapters.   Dr. Kiyoshi Omine is a professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. His research areas of interest include soil microbial fuel cells for composting and power regeneration, geo-technical utilization of waste materials and geo-environmental improvement techniques. He is a member of several technical societies of Japan. He has authored and co-authored more than 50 research papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals. He is credited with mentoring three JSPS fellows in Kyushu and Nagasaki Universities.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sivasankar, Venkataraman

Mylsamy, Prabhakaran

Omine, Kiyoshi

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;5
2;Foreword;6
3;Preface;8
4;Contents;11
5;About the Editors;13
6;Chapter 1: Biologically Renewable Resources of Energy: Potentials, Progress and Barriers;15
6.1;1.1 Introduction;15
6.1.1;1.1.1 Energy;15
6.1.2;1.1.2 Energy Resources and Sustainable Development;16
6.1.3;1.1.3 Current Scenario of World’s Energy Usage;16
6.2;1.2 Renewable Energy Resources;18
6.2.1;1.2.1 Potential of Biological Energy Resources;18
6.2.2;1.2.2 Potential and Progress of Biomass Utilization as Biofuel;20
6.2.3;1.2.3 Production of Ethanol from Biomass;21
6.2.4;1.2.4 Production of Biodiesel from Biomass;24
6.2.4.1;1.2.4.1 Production of Biodiesel from Microalgae;24
6.2.4.2;1.2.4.2 Current Progress in Biodiesel Production;28
6.2.4.3;1.2.4.3 Challenges with the Commercialization of Biodiesel;28
6.2.4.3.1;Harvesting;29
6.2.4.3.2;Drying;29
6.2.5;1.2.5 Production of Biogas from Biomass;30
6.3;1.3 Barriers of Utilization of Renewable Biological Energy Resources for Fuel Production;30
6.4;1.4 Future Possibilities of Utilization of Renewable Biological Energy Resources for Fuel Production;31
6.5;1.5 Concluding Remarks;31
6.6;References;32
7;Chapter 2: Microbial Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Types, Significance and Limitations;37
7.1;2.1 Introduction;37
7.2;2.2 Basic Configuration and Mechanism of MFC;39
7.2.1;2.2.1 Anode Chamber;39
7.2.2;2.2.2 Cathode Chamber;42
7.2.3;2.2.3 Separator Membrane;42
7.3;2.3 Mechanism of Pre-Treatment for Increased Power Output;43
7.3.1;2.3.1 Pre-Treatment of Electrode for Increased Power Output;44
7.3.2;2.3.2 Pre-Treatment of Substrate for Increased Power Output;44
7.3.2.1;2.3.2.1 Physical/Chemical Pre-Treatment;44
7.3.2.2;2.3.2.2 Biological Treatment;45
7.4;2.4 Classification;45
7.4.1;2.4.1 Based on Mediator;45
7.4.2;2.4.2 Based on Dependency of Microbial Nutrition;49
7.4.2.1;2.4.2.1 Phototrophic MFC;49
7.4.2.2;2.4.2.2 Heterotrophic MFC;50
7.4.2.3;2.4.2.3 Mixotrophic MFC;50
7.4.3;2.4.3 Based on Dependency of Light;51
7.4.4;2.4.4 Based on Dependency of Temperature;51
7.4.5;2.4.5 Based on Configuration;52
7.5;2.5 Proposed Application of MFC;52
7.6;2.6 Barriers and Challenges in MFC;54
7.7;2.7 Conclusion;55
7.8;References;55
8;Chapter 3: Plant Microbial Fuel Cell Technology: Developments and Limitations;63
8.1;3.1 Introduction;63
8.2;3.2 General Architecture of a Plant Microbial Fuel Cell;64
8.3;3.3 Anode Materials for Plant Microbial Fuel Cells;65
8.4;3.4 Cathode Materials for Plant Microbial Fuel Cells;72
8.5;3.5 Plants Used in MFC Systems;72
8.6;3.6 Microbial Community Found in Plant Microbial Fuel Cells;73
8.7;3.7 Improvements, Limitations, and Future Research for Plant Microbial Fuel Cells;73
8.8;References;75
9;Chapter 4: Current Advances in Paddy Plant Microbial Fuel Cells;80
9.1;4.1 Introduction;80
9.2;4.2 Test Materials and Methods;81
9.3;4.3 Results and Discussion;85
9.3.1;4.3.1 Experiment Using Bucket of 13 L with Carbon Fiber and Activated Bamboo Charcoal as Electrodes;85
9.3.2;4.3.2 Experiment Using PET Bottle of 500 mL with Activated Bamboo Charcoal for Anode and Cathode;86
9.4;4.4 Conclusions;90
9.5;References;92
10;Chapter 5: Algal Microbial Fuel Cells—Nature’s Perpetual Energy Resource;94
10.1;5.1 Current Scenario;94
10.1.1;5.1.1 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs);95
10.1.2;5.1.2 Algae;96
10.1.3;5.1.3 Experimental Setup of MFCs;97
10.2;5.2 Electrode Materials;98
10.2.1;5.2.1 Properties of Electrode Materials;98
10.3;5.3 Materials Used for the Anode;99
10.4;5.4 Materials Used for the Cathode;100
10.5;5.5 Membranes;101
10.6;5.6 Integration of Algae in MFCs;101
10.7;5.7 Different Types of PMFC Configurations;102
10.8;5.8 Coupled PMFCs;103
10.9;5.9 Single-Chambered PMFCs;105
10.10;5.10 Dual-Chambered PMFCs;106
10.11;5.11 Sediment MFCs (SMFCs);112
10.12;5.12 Twelve-Reactor Algal Fuel Cells;113
10.13;5.13 Nine-Cascade Algal Fuel Cells;114
10.14;5.14 Anode Assistance with Phototrophic Microorganisms;115
10.15;5.15 Anode-Assisted Electrochemical Catalysis;115
10.16;5.16 Substrates as End Products;117
10.17;5.17 Cathode Assistance with Phototrophic Microorganisms;117
10.18;5.18 Oxygen Production;117
10.19;5.19 Carbon Dioxide Utilization;118
10.20;5.20 Production of Biomass;119
10.21;5.21 Treatment of Wastewater;120
10.22;5.22 Illumination Effects;120
10.23;5.23 Challenges and Prospects;121
10.24;5.24 Future Perspectives of PMFCs;122
10.25;5.25 Conclusion;123
10.26;References;124
11;Chapter 6: Fungal Fuel Cells: Nature’s Perpetual Energy Resource;130
11.1;6.1 Microbial Fuel Cell: Brief Introduction;130
11.2;6.2 Introduction to Fungal Microbial Fuel Cell;131
11.3;6.3 Microbial Fuel Cell with Fungal Biofilm as Bio-anode;132
11.4;6.4 Biodegradation Using Fungal MFC Yielding By-Products;134
11.5;6.5 Fungi as Biocatalyst for Air-Cathode MFC;138
11.6;6.6 Fungal Enzyme-Based MFC;139
11.7;6.7 Microbial Fuel Cell with Fungal Biofilm as Bio-cathode;140
11.8;6.8 Fungi-Bacteria-Assisted MFC for Bioenergy Production;142
11.9;6.9 Liquid Fungal Cultures as Anolyte and Catholyte in MFC;144
11.10;6.10 Fungal Microbial Fuel Cell for Bioenergy Production;144
11.11;6.11 Future Perspectives and Challenges;145
11.12;6.12 Conclusion;146
11.13;References;146
12;Chapter 7: Bioelectricity Generation in Soil Microbial Fuel Cells Using Organic Waste;149
12.1;7.1 Introduction;149
12.2;7.2 Test Materials and Methods;150
12.3;7.3 Results and Discussion;151
12.3.1;7.3.1 Influence of Leaf Mould;151
12.3.2;7.3.2 Influence of Photosynthetic Bacteria;153
12.3.3;7.3.3 Influences of Rice Bran;154
12.3.4;7.3.4 Influences of Aerobic Condition;155
12.3.5;7.3.5 Influence Due to the Distance Between the Electrodes;156
12.3.6;7.3.6 Influence of Anode Modified with Iron Winding;158
12.3.7;7.3.7 Power Generation;160
12.4;7.4 Conclusions;161
12.5;References;161
13;Chapter 8: Microbial Fuel Cell Research Using Animal Waste: A Feebly-Explored Area to Others;163
13.1;8.1 Introduction;163
13.1.1;8.1.1 Microbial Fuel Cells in Waste Management;164
13.2;8.2 Energy Production from Various Sources;165
13.2.1;8.2.1 Sewage Sludge;166
13.2.2;8.2.2 Domestic Waste;167
13.2.2.1;8.2.2.1 Kitchen and Bamboo Waste;169
13.2.3;8.2.3 Industrial Waste;169
13.2.3.1;8.2.3.1 Winery Wastewater;170
13.2.3.2;8.2.3.2 Brewery Wastewater;170
13.2.3.3;8.2.3.3 Food Industry;170
13.2.3.4;8.2.3.4 Potato-Processing Wastewater;171
13.2.3.5;8.2.3.5 Dairy Industry;171
13.2.4;8.2.4 Animal Waste;172
13.2.4.1;8.2.4.1 Slaughterhouse Wastewater;172
13.2.4.2;8.2.4.2 Swine Wastewater Treatment;173
13.2.5;8.2.5 Agrowaste Industries;174
13.2.6;8.2.6 Marine Sediments;174
13.3;8.3 Rumen Waste in MFC;175
13.3.1;8.3.1 Rumen Fluid as a Cheap Energy Source;175
13.3.1.1;8.3.1.1 Pros and Cons of Using Animal Waste;175
13.4;8.4 Conclusion;176
13.5;References;176
14;Chapter 9: Electricigens: Role and Prominence in Microbial Fuel Cell Performance;181
14.1;9.1 Introduction;181
14.2;9.2 Electricigens;182
14.2.1;9.2.1 Electron Transport Mechanism;182
14.2.2;9.2.2 Etymology of Microbes in Microbial Fuel Cell;182
14.3;9.3 Pioneering Microbes;185
14.3.1;9.3.1 Geobacter sp. and Shewanella sp.;186
14.3.2;9.3.2 Pseudomonas sp.;186
14.3.3;9.3.3  Clostridium sp.;187
14.3.4;9.3.4 Enterobacter Species;187
14.3.5;9.3.5 Aeromonas Species;188
14.3.6;9.3.6 Saccharomyces cerevisiae;188
14.3.7;9.3.7 Other Microbes;189
14.4;9.4 Characterization of Biofilm;189
14.4.1;9.4.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy;189
14.4.2;9.4.2 Atomic Force Spectroscopy;190
14.4.3;9.4.3 Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy;191
14.4.4;9.4.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis;191
14.4.5;9.4.5 DGGE and Sequence Analysis;192
14.5;9.5 Summary and Conclusion;192
14.6;References;193
15;Chapter 10: Rumen Fluid Microbes for Bioelectricity Production: A Novel Approach;198
15.1;10.1 Introduction;198
15.1.1;10.1.1 Optimization of Parameters for the Increased Electricity Production by the Microbial Fuel Cell Using Rumen Fluid;199
15.1.1.1;10.1.1.1 Scale-Up of MFC with Rumen Fluid;201
15.1.2;10.1.2 Comparative Analysis of Power Production of Pure, Co-culture, and Mixed Culture in Microbial Fuel Cell;202
15.1.2.1;10.1.2.1 Bacterial Strains;202
15.1.2.2;10.1.2.2 Brief Pure Culture Study in Terms of Voltage Production and Cyclic Voltammogram;203
15.1.2.3;10.1.2.3 Co-culture and Mixed Culture Studies;206
15.1.2.4;10.1.2.4 SEM Analysis;207
15.1.2.5;10.1.2.5 Production of Bioelectricity in MFC by Pseudomonas fragi DRR-2 (Psychrophilic) Isolated from Goat Rumen Fluid;208
15.1.2.6;10.1.2.6 Growth Curve and Protein Content of Pseudomonas fragi DRR-2 at Different Temperatures;209
15.1.2.6.1;Power Production of the Bacterium Under Different Temperatures Using Salt Bridge and Nafion 117;209
15.1.2.6.2;Cyclic Voltammogram of the Strain in Low Temperatures;210
15.1.3;10.1.3 Performance of Paracoccus homiensis DRR-3 in Microbial Fuel Cell with Membranes;210
15.1.3.1;10.1.3.1 Power Production of Paracoccus homiensis DRR-3 with Nafion 117 in MFC;210
15.1.3.2;10.1.3.2 Power Production of Paracoccus homiensis DRR-3 with PVDF and PCZ in MFC;212
15.1.4;10.1.4 Membranes, Their Performance, Electrochemical Analysis in MFC;213
15.1.4.1;10.1.4.1 Cyclic Voltammogram of P. homiensis Using Membranes;213
15.1.4.2;10.1.4.2 Impedance Spectra of P. homiensis Using Membranes;213
15.1.5;10.1.5 Applications of Rumen Fluid MFC;215
15.2;10.2 Summary and Conclusion;216
15.3;References;217
16;Chapter 11: Advances in Concurrent Bioelectricity Generation and Bioremediation Through Microbial Fuel Cells;221
16.1;11.1 Introduction;221
16.2;11.2 Improvement in the Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Bioremediation;222
16.3;11.3 Design of Microbial Fuel Cell;223
16.4;11.4 Electrode Materials;224
16.4.1;11.4.1 Anode Materials;225
16.4.1.1;11.4.1.1 Role of Anode in Bioremediation;228
16.4.2;11.4.2 Cathode Materials;228
16.4.2.1;11.4.2.1 Role of Cathode in Bioremediation;231
16.4.3;11.4.3 Membrane Material;231
16.5;11.5 Types of Waste Materials Used as Substrates in MFC;231
16.6;11.6 Types of Microbial Fuel Cell for Bioremediation of Pollutants;235
16.6.1;11.6.1 Anaerobic Microbial Fuel Cell (ANMFC);235
16.6.2;11.6.2 Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC);235
16.6.3;11.6.3 Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells (BMFC);236
16.6.4;11.6.4 Enzyme-Based Microbial Fuel Cells (EBC);236
16.6.5;11.6.5 Air-Breathing Cathode-Based Microbial Fuel Cells (ABC-MFC);237
16.6.6;11.6.6 Constructed Wetland Microbial Fuel Cells (CW-MFC);238
16.6.7;11.6.7 Thermophilic Microbial Fuel Cells (TMFC);238
16.7;11.7 Commercial Application of MFC and Economic Feasibility;239
16.8;11.8 Future Prospects and Directions;239
16.9;References;240
17;Chapter 12: Microbial Desalination Cells: A Boon for Future Generations;250
17.1;12.1 Introduction;250
17.1.1;12.1.1 Microbial Desalination Cell;251
17.1.1.1;12.1.1.1 Materials: Electrodes, Anolyte, Separating Membrane;252
17.1.1.2;12.1.1.2 Substrate/Anolyte/Catholyte;252
17.1.2;12.1.2 MDC Designs;254
17.1.2.1;12.1.2.1 Biocathode MDC;254
17.1.2.2;12.1.2.2 Photosynthetic MDC;254
17.1.2.3;12.1.2.3 Stacked MDC;255
17.1.2.4;12.1.2.4 Supercapacitive MDC;255
17.1.3;12.1.3 Pros and Cons of MDC;255
17.1.4;12.1.4 Future of MDC;256
17.2;12.2 Summary and Conclusion;256
17.3;References;256
18;Chapter 13: The Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells in Field Trials from a Global Perspective;259
18.1;13.1 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC): A Sustainable Solution for Energy Demand;259
18.2;13.2 Why Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)?;260
18.3;13.3 From Laboratory to Pilot Scale: In Nutshell;261
18.4;13.4 Qualities of MFCs;262
18.5;13.5 Source of Green Energy;263
18.6;13.6 Generating Power While Treating Wastes;263
18.7;13.7 Reactor Design for Pilot-Scale Process;265
18.7.1;13.7.1 Single-Chamber MFCs;266
18.7.2;13.7.2 Two-Chamber MFCs;268
18.7.3;13.7.3 Vertical or Upflow Chamber MFCs;269
18.7.4;13.7.4 Stacked MFCs;270
18.7.5;13.7.5 Flat-Plate Microbial Fuel Cells (FPMFCs);273
18.8;13.8 Field Trials of MFCs;275
18.8.1;13.8.1 Application of MFC for Wastewater Treatment;275
18.8.2;13.8.2 Constructed Wetlands;276
18.8.3;13.8.3 Small Island;277
18.8.4;13.8.4 Domestic Wastewater;279
18.8.5;13.8.5 Brewery and Winery Industries;280
18.8.6;13.8.6 Agro-Food and Dairy Industries;281
18.9;13.9 Problems Associated with Pilot-Scale Studies;282
18.10;13.10 Solutions at Laboratory Level;282
18.11;13.11 Future Perspectives;285
18.12;References;285
19;Chapter 14: Future Perspectives on Cost-Effective Microbial Fuel Cells in Rural Areas;291
19.1;14.1 Introduction;291
19.2;14.2 MFC and its Types (at Pilot Scale);292
19.2.1;14.2.1 Benthic MFC;295
19.2.2;14.2.2 Submersible MFC;296
19.2.3;14.2.3 Photosynthetic (Plant and Algal) MFC;296
19.2.4;14.2.4 Stacked and Multi-electrode MFC;297
19.2.5;14.2.5 Other Hybrid MFCs;298
19.3;14.3 Cost-Effective Resources for MFC Technology;299
19.4;14.4 Scaling Up for Commercialization;300
19.4.1;14.4.1 Enhanced Power Generation;300
19.4.2;14.4.2 Low Input Costs;301
19.4.3;14.4.3 Long-term Stability;301
19.4.4;14.4.4 Power Output Management;302
19.5;14.5 Integrated Centralized MFC System;302
19.6;14.6 Implementation in Rural Areas;303
19.6.1;14.6.1 Loan from Banks and Easy Return Agreement;305
19.6.2;14.6.2 Government Schemes and Subsidies;305
19.7;14.7 Conclusion;306
19.8;References;306
20;Correction to: Future Perspectives on Cost-Effective Microbial Fuel Cells in Rural Areas;311
21;Index;312