Smardon. Sustaining the World's Wetlands

Setting Policy and Resolving Conflicts
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-49429-6
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 340 Seiten

Written both as a textbook and as a professional reference book, Sustaining the World's Wetlands: Setting Policy and Resolving Conflicts contains detailed case studies of wetland management worldwide. Examinations of international wetland policy in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America generate a discussion of the differences between wetland management issues in developed and developing countries, and culminate in suggested strategies for the future of wetland management. Key themes addressed in the case studies include the tradeoffs between sustainable use of wetlands for food, fuel, and fiber versus the protection of ecosystem diversity and stability, and the respective roles of international NGO's, national and regional government, and local community-based organizations when faced with wetland management issues. With its global scope and its emphasis on policy and management analysis, Sustaining the World's Wetlands is a unique and valuable tool both for students and for practitioners.

The Author Richard C. Smardon is professor of Environmental Studies at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, NY. He has held titles there as Chair of the Faculty and Director of the Graduate Program, and is also the former director of the Randolph G. Pack Environmental Institute.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smardon, Richard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Preface;7
3;Acknowledgments;8
4;Contents;10
5;International Wetland Policy and Management Issues;16
5.1;Introduction;16
5.2;Wetland Stress and Loss;18
5.3;Development of International Wetland Policy;20
5.4;National Wetland Policy Developments Around the World;26
5.5;Plan of the Book;31
5.6;Acronyms;32
5.7;References;32
5.8;Cited International Wetland Web Sites;35
6;The Wadden Sea Wetlands: A Multi-jurisdictional Challenge;36
6.1;Introduction;36
6.1.1;Historical Overview;36
6.1.2;The Wadden Sea Physical Environment;39
6.2;Specific Wetland Resource Management Issues and Threats;43
6.2.1;The Dutch Wadden;43
6.2.2;Lauwersmeer;44
6.2.3;Ems-Dollart Area/the Netherlands and Germany;45
6.2.4;Lower Saxony - Germany;46
6.2.5;The Elbe - Germany;46
6.2.6;Schleswig-Holstein - Germany;47
6.3;The Danish Wadden;48
6.3.1;Skallingen;48
6.3.2;Varde A;48
6.3.3;Romo and Fano;49
6.3.4;Esbjerg;49
6.4;Protection and Management To Date;49
6.4.1;The Netherlands;51
6.4.2;Germany;53
6.4.3;Denmark;54
6.5;International Rules and Implementation;55
6.5.1;Ramsar Convention;56
6.5.2;World Heritage Commission;57
6.5.3;Bonn Convention;57
6.5.4;EC Directives;58
6.5.5;The Beginning of Cooperative Management of the Wadden Sea;59
6.5.6;Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation;59
6.5.7;The Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan - Key Elements;60
6.5.7.1;Delimitation;61
6.5.8;Shared Principles;61
6.5.8.1;Targets;62
6.5.9;Policy and Management;62
6.6;Summary and Missing Links;65
6.6.1;The Role of the Wadden Sea NGOs;65
6.6.2;The Role of Wetland Science in Monitoring, Modeling, and Future Impacts;67
6.7;Summary;69
6.8;Acronyms;69
6.9;References;69
7;The Axios River Delta - Mediterranean Wetland Under Siege;72
7.1;Introduction;72
7.2;Context of Greek Wetland Conservation;72
7.2.1;Legislation;73
7.2.2;Developing a Conservation and Protection Strategy;73
7.2.3;Institutional Policy Constraints and Obstacles;76
7.2.4;Mediterranean Context - the Grado Declaration;76
7.2.5;Role of International NGOs;77
7.3;Greek Plan for Action;79
7.4;Introduction and History of Case Study;80
7.4.1;Loss of the Interior Wetlands on the Thessaloniki Plain;81
7.5;Wetland Description;85
7.6;Wetland Vegetation;85
7.7;Wetland Fauna;87
7.8;Human Activities and Land Use;89
7.9;Threats to the Delta;89
7.10;Affect of Wetland Loss on Major Functions;92
7.11;Remaining Wetlands and Current Management Issues;96
7.12;Current Institutional Framework and Role of NGOs;98
7.13;Joint Ministerial Decision;98
7.14;Management Scheme;99
7.15;Habitat Directive;99
7.16;The Red Alert Project of WWF Greece;99
7.17;Progress to Date with the Red Alert Project;100
7.18;Institutional Development, Innovation, and Evaluation;103
7.19;Acronyms;104
7.20;References;104
8;The Kafue Flats in Zambia, Africa: A Lost Floodplain?;108
8.1;Introduction;108
8.2;General Floodplain Ecology;111
8.3;Human Use and Land Use History;115
8.4;The National Parks;118
8.5;Hydroelectric Development on the Kafue River;119
8.6;Water Regulation;121
8.7;Ecological and Other Impacts from a Modified Hydrologic Regime;122
8.7.1;Vegetation;122
8.7.2;Affects on Fauna;123
8.7.3;Effects on Consumptive and Non-consumptive Uses;124
8.8;Role of CBOs and NGOs;125
8.9;Financial Arrangements and Revenue Streams;129
8.10;Project Results to 1990s;130
8.11;Summary and Evaluation of NGO Roles Post-2000;131
8.12;Acronyms;133
8.13;References;133
9;Community-Based Wetland Management: A Case Study of Brace Bridge Nature Park (BBNP), Kolkata, India;139
9.1;Introduction - Urban Wetlands Utilization;139
9.2;Introduction for India-Bangladesh Region;140
9.3;Introduction for Case Study;142
9.4;Ecological History of the Brace Bridge Nature Park;145
9.5;History and Involvement of a Fisherman Community-Based Organization;145
9.6;Past Use of the Locality;146
9.7;History of Wetland Plant Community Change;147
9.7.1;Plant Communities Prior to 1985;147
9.7.2;Major Changes in the Plant Community;147
9.8;Present Wetland Plant Communities;148
9.8.1;Present Use of the Brace Bridge Nature Parks;149
9.8.2;Present Activities;150
9.8.3;Disturbances and Threats to the BBNP;152
9.8.4;Economic and Social Values of Wetlands;155
9.9;Wetland Management Issues;156
9.9.1;Water Quality Management;156
9.9.2;Water Level Management;157
9.9.3;Vegetation and Landscape Management;157
9.9.4;Aquatic Species Management;158
9.9.5;Organizational Development;158
9.10;Controversy Surrounding the Protection of BBNP;160
9.11;Summary;162
9.12;Acronyms;164
9.13;References;164
10;Restoration of the Tram Chim National Wildlife Preserve, Vietnam;167
10.1;Introduction;167
10.2;Historical Context;170
10.3;Wetland Soils;170
10.4;Wetland Flora;171
10.5;Wetland Fauna;175
10.6;Early Restoration Efforts;175
10.7;Eastern Sarus Cranes Rediscovered;176
10.8;Initiation of Joint Agreement, International Meetings Toward a Management Plan;179
10.9;Hydrological Restoration;181
10.10;Implementation of Hydrologic and Water Quality Restoration;182
10.11;Monitoring and Evaluation;184
10.12;Conservation Issues;187
10.13;The Role of the International Crane Foundation and Other NGOs;188
10.14;Other Key Actors;188
10.15;Summary;189
10.16;Acronyms;190
10.17;References;190
11;The Great Lakes Wetlands Policy Consortium - Bilateral NGO Action Aimed at the Great Lakes;193
11.1;Background;193
11.2;The Resource;195
11.3;Threats;201
11.4;Protection Policies;204
11.4.1;Regulations;205
11.4.2;Tax Incentives;205
11.4.3;Acquisition/Securement;206
11.4.4;Restoration;206
11.5;Significant Tri-national Wetlands Management Efforts;206
11.6;Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council’s History;207
11.7;History of the Great Lakes Wetlands Policy Consortium;207
11.8;Development of the Great Lakes Wetlands Policy Consortium;208
11.9;Summary;216
11.10;Acronyms;218
11.11;References;218
11.12; Web Sites Used;224
12;Estuaries on the Edge, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico;225
12.1;Introduction;225
12.2;Regional Context;225
12.3;Mexican Coastal Zone Management History;227
12.4;Current Coastal Zone Planning in Mexico;228
12.5;The Case Study Areas Ría Celestún and Ría Lagartos;229
12.5.1;Climate;229
12.5.2;Geomorphology;230
12.5.3;Northern Yucatan Hydrology;230
12.5.4;Northern Yucatan Vegetation;232
12.5.5;Ría Lagartos Preserve;233
12.5.6;Ría Celestún;234
12.5.7;Ría Lagartos and Ría Celestún Preserves Hydrology;235
12.5.8;Ría Lagartos Vegetation;236
12.5.9;Wetland Vegetation Ría Celestún;238
12.5.10;Ría Lagartos Fauna;240
12.5.11;Fish of Ría Celestún and Ría Lagartos;244
12.5.12;Fauna of Ría Celestún;244
12.5.13;Human Use of the Preserves - Historical;245
12.5.14;Land Use/Current Economic Activity at Ría Lagartos;246
12.5.15;Agriculture;250
12.5.16;Residential Growth;251
12.5.17;Land Use and Tenancy at Ría Celestún;252
12.6;Management of the Preserves;253
12.7;Actors Involved with Preserve Management;255
12.8;Institutions and Major Actors Involved in Mexico’s Protected Natural Areas;255
12.9;Threats/Management Issues;259
12.9.1;Impact on Fish Productivity;259
12.9.2;Salt Industry Operations;262
12.9.3;Tourism and Ecotourism Impacts;264
12.9.4;Disturbance of Wildlife;265
12.9.5;Impacts of Agricultural Activities and Other Land Uses;267
12.9.6;Impacts of Development;267
12.10;Institutional Analysis;270
12.10.1;Lack of Resources and Decision-Making Power;270
12.10.2;Lack of Inter-agency Cooperation;270
12.10.3;Lack of Site Data and Plans;271
12.10.4;Lack of Public Participation in Planning and Management;272
12.11;Acronyms;273
12.12;References;274
13;The Mankote Mangrove: Microcosm of the Caribbean;281
13.1;Introduction and Caribbean and Latin American Wetland Policy Context;281
13.2;The Wetland Resource;283
13.3;Causes of Mangrove Wetland Stress and Degradation;285
13.4;Introduction to Mankote Mangrove Case Study;286
13.5;Geographical Context;287
13.6;Wetland Ecology;288
13.7;Local Land Use/Cultural History;292
13.8;Early Problems;292
13.9;Charcoal Production;293
13.10;Era of Increased Wetland Management;296
13.11;Current Management of the Mankote Mangrove;299
13.12;Policy and Government Stakeholders;302
13.13;The Role of Scientific Assessment;303
13.14;Management and Social Structure;304
13.15;Summary/Roles of CBOs and NGOs;305
13.16;Acronyms;307
13.17;References;308
14;Review of Wetland Management Roles, Functions, and Innovations;315
14.1;Introduction;315
14.2;Stakeholder Roles;315
14.3;Biosphere Reserves and Stakeholder Management History;318
14.4;Wetland System Management Innovations;320
14.5;International Wetland Management Principles;321
14.6;Acronyms;323
14.7;References;323
15;Index;327