Smardzewski Furniture Design

2015
ISBN: 978-3-319-19533-9
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 652 Seiten

Maximizing reader insights into the principles of designing furniture as wooden structures, this book discusses issues related to the history of furniture structures, their classification and characteristics, ergonomic approaches to anthropometric requirements and safety of use. It presents key methods and highlights common errors in designing the characteristics of the materials, components, joints and structures, as well as looking at the challenges regarding developing associated design documentation. Including analysis of how designers may go about calculating the stiffness and endurance of parts, joints and whole structures, the book analyzes questions regarding the loss of furniture stability and the resulting threats to health of the user, putting forward a concept of furniture design as an engineering processes. Creating an attractive, functional, ergonomic and safe piece of furniture is not only the fruit of the work of individual architects and artists, but requires an effort of many people working in interdisciplinary teams, this book is designed to add important knowledge to the literature for engineer approaches in furniture design.

Jerzy Smardzewski is a full professor of wood technology, since 1986 he has worked at the Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. Graduating from the Technical School of Wood Technology (secondary school) in 1981 and in 1986 from the Faculty of Wood Technology in Poznan. Since 2002 he has been a full professor of wood technology, speciality of furniture design and since 2008 he has headed the Department of Furniture Design. Professor Smardzewski has written 6 books, 371 articles, and 11 patent applications teaching subjects such as Construction of furniture, Technology of furniture, Ergonomics of furniture and history of furniture at the university. Since 1997 till 2001 he was a director in office furniture factory at Balma S.A.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smardzewski, Jerzy

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;1 The History of Furniture Construction;10
3.1;1.1 Introduction;10
3.2;1.2 Antique Furniture;15
3.2.1;1.2.1 Furniture of Ancient Egypt;15
3.2.2;1.2.2 Furniture of Ancient Assyria and Persia;19
3.2.3;1.2.3 Furniture of Ancient Greece;21
3.2.4;1.2.4 Furniture of Ancient Rome;25
3.3;1.3 Furniture of the Middle Ages;28
3.4;1.4 Modern Furniture;31
3.4.1;1.4.1 Renaissance Furniture;31
3.4.2;1.4.2 Baroque Furniture;34
3.4.3;1.4.3 Rococo Furniture;37
3.4.4;1.4.4 Classical Furniture;40
3.4.5;1.4.5 Empire Furniture;43
3.4.6;1.4.6 Biedermeier Furniture;46
3.4.7;1.4.7 Eclectic Furniture;49
3.4.8;1.4.8 Art Nouveau Furniture;51
3.4.9;1.4.9 Art Deco Furniture;51
3.4.10;1.4.10 Early Twentieth-Century Furniture;52
3.5;References;54
4;2 Classification and Characteristics of Furniture;55
4.1;2.1 Characteristics of Furniture;55
4.2;2.2 Classification of Furniture;56
4.2.1;2.2.1 Groups of Furniture According to Their Purpose;57
4.2.2;2.2.2 Groups of Furniture According to Their Functionality;58
4.2.3;2.2.3 Groups of Furniture According to Their Form and Construction;63
4.2.4;2.2.4 Groups of Furniture According to Technology;69
4.2.5;2.2.5 Groups of Furniture According to Their Quality;72
4.3;2.3 Characteristic of Case Furniture;73
4.4;2.4 Characteristic of Skeletal Furniture;83
4.5;2.5 Characteristic of Upholstered Furniture;95
4.6;References;103
5;3 Ergonomics of Furniture;104
5.1;3.1 Introduction;104
5.2;3.2 Basic Design Requirements;105
5.2.1;3.2.1 Aesthetic Requirements;110
5.2.2;3.2.2 Functional Requirements;112
5.2.3;3.2.3 Construction and Technology Requirements;114
5.2.4;3.2.4 Technical and Economy Requirements;115
5.3;3.3 Form and Construction of Furniture;117
5.4;3.4 Anthropotechnical Designing;125
5.4.1;3.4.1 Anthropometric Measures of the Human;126
5.4.2;3.4.2 Requirements for Office Furniture;140
5.4.2.1;3.4.2.1 Dimensional Requirements;140
5.4.2.2;3.4.2.2 Requirements Concerning Safety of Use;144
5.4.3;3.4.3 Requirements for School Furniture;148
5.4.3.1;3.4.3.1 Dimensional Requirements;148
5.4.3.2;3.4.3.2 Requirements for Safety of Use;155
5.4.4;3.4.4 Requirements for Kitchen Furniture;155
5.4.4.1;3.4.4.1 Dimensional Requirements;155
5.4.4.2;3.4.4.2 Errors in Measuring Kitchen Areas;159
5.4.4.3;3.4.4.3 Requirements for Safety of Use;162
5.4.5;3.4.5 Requirements for Furniture for Sitting and Relaxing;163
5.4.5.1;3.4.5.1 Dimensional Requirements;163
5.4.5.2;3.4.5.2 Requirements for Safety of Use;165
5.4.6;3.4.6 Requirements for Beds;171
5.4.6.1;3.4.6.1 Dimensional Requirements;171
5.4.6.2;3.4.6.2 Quality of Sleep;179
5.4.6.3;3.4.6.3 Requirements for Safety of Use;180
5.5;References;186
6;4 Introduction to Engineering Design of Furniture;192
6.1;4.1 General Information;192
6.2;4.2 Methods of Furniture Design and Construction;193
6.3;4.3 Designing and Cost Analysis;200
6.4;4.4 Errors in Furniture Design;208
6.5;4.5 Materials Used in Furniture Design;210
6.5.1;4.5.1 Wood;210
6.5.1.1;4.5.1.1 General Characteristics of Wood;210
6.5.1.2;4.5.1.2 Elasticity of Wood;211
6.5.2;4.5.2 Wood-Based Materials;222
6.5.2.1;4.5.2.1 Structure of Wood-Based Materials;223
6.5.2.2;4.5.2.2 Elasticity of Wood-Based Materials;229
6.5.3;4.5.3 Leathers and Fabrics;231
6.6;4.6 Furniture Joints;233
6.6.1;4.6.1 Joints with Mechanical Connectors;244
6.6.2;4.6.2 Shaped and Shape-Adhesive Joints;245
6.6.2.1;4.6.2.1 Frontal Parallel Joints;245
6.6.2.2;4.6.2.2 Longitudinal Parallel Joints;245
6.6.2.3;4.6.2.3 Flat L-Type Joints;245
6.6.2.4;4.6.2.4 Flat T-Type Joints;249
6.6.2.5;4.6.2.5 Flat X-Type Joints;249
6.6.2.6;4.6.2.6 Plate Frontal Parallel Joints;250
6.6.2.7;4.6.2.7 Plate Longitudinal Parallel Joints;252
6.6.2.8;4.6.2.8 Plate L-Type Joints;253
6.6.2.9;4.6.2.9 Plate T-Type Joints;254
6.6.2.10;4.6.2.10 Plate X-Type Joints;254
6.7;4.7 200EAssemblages, Subassemblages and Elements of Furniture;257
6.7.1;4.7.1 Elements of Furniture;257
6.7.1.1;4.7.1.1 Board Elements;257
6.7.1.2;4.7.1.2 Beam and Rod Elements;259
6.7.1.3;4.7.1.3 Elastic Elements;261
6.7.2;4.7.2 Subassemblages of Furniture;262
6.7.3;4.7.3 Assemblages of Furniture;265
6.8;4.8 Construction of Case Furniture;269
6.8.1;4.8.1 Joints of Elements of Furniture Body;270
6.8.2;4.8.2 Joints of Opening Doors with Elements of the Body;271
6.8.3;4.8.3 Joints of Sliding Doors with Elements of the Body;275
6.8.4;4.8.4 Joints of Louvered Doors with Elements of the Body;275
6.8.5;4.8.5 Constructions of Drawers;275
6.8.6;4.8.6 Joints of Rear Wall;277
6.9;4.9 Constructions of Skeletal Furniture;279
6.9.1;4.9.1 Constructions of Tables;279
6.9.2;4.9.2 Constructions of Chairs;281
6.10;4.10 Constructions of Upholstered Furniture;283
6.11;References;288
7;5 Technical Documentation;291
7.1;5.1 Types and Contents of Technical Documentation;291
7.2;5.2 Formats of Sheets;295
7.3;5.3 Title Blocks;296
7.4;5.4 Numbering of Drawings;299
7.5;5.5 Storing of Drawings;300
7.6;5.6 Normalised Elements of Drawing;306
7.7;5.7 Technical Documentation of Case Furniture;313
7.8;5.8 Technical Documentation of Skeletal Furniture;314
7.9;5.9 Technical Documentation of Upholstered Furniture;319
7.10;References;323
8;6 Stiffness and Strength Analysis of Skeletal Furniture;324
8.1;6.1 Properties of Skeletal Furniture;324
8.2;6.2 Operational Loads on Chairs and Stools;330
8.2.1;6.2.1 Internal Forces in Chair Frames;336
8.2.1.1;6.2.1.1 Statically Determinate 2-D Structures;336
8.2.1.2;6.2.1.2 Statically Indeterminate 2-D Structures;338
8.2.2;6.2.2 Stresses in Cross Sections of Elements of Chair and Stool Frames;346
8.2.2.1;6.2.2.1 Stresses in Rectilinear and Slightly Curved Elements;346
8.2.2.2;6.2.2.2 Stresses in Highly Curved Prismatic Isotropic Elements;347
8.2.2.3;6.2.2.3 Stresses in Highly Curved Elements of Round Cross Sections;351
8.2.3;6.2.3 Strength of Joints;352
8.2.3.1;6.2.3.1 Strength of Adhesive Joints;352
8.2.3.1.1;Adhesion Strength of Loaded Joints;352
8.2.3.1.2;Peel Strength of Loaded Joints;353
8.2.3.1.3;Shearing Strength of Loaded Joints;355
8.2.3.1.4;Torsional Strength of Loaded Joints;361
8.2.3.1.5;Deformations of Wooden Joints in the Complex Load State;370
8.2.3.1.6;Influence of Technological Errors of Glue-Line on the Strength of Joint;376
8.2.3.2;6.2.3.2 Strength of Shape-Adhesive Joints;381
8.2.3.2.1;Strength of Dowel Joints;381
8.2.3.2.2;Strength of Mortise and Tenon Joints;385
8.2.3.2.3;Influence of Wood Species and Shape of Glue-Line on the Strength of Mortise and Tenon Joints;394
8.2.3.2.4;Strength of Finger Joints;412
8.2.3.3;6.2.3.3 Strength of Connector Joints;415
8.2.3.3.1;Strength of Nail Joints;415
8.2.3.3.2;Strength of Bolt Joints;420
8.2.3.3.3;Strength of Screw Joints;421
8.2.4;6.2.4 Stiffness and Stability of Chairs and Stools;423
8.2.4.1;6.2.4.1 Stiffness of Chairs;423
8.2.4.2;6.2.4.2 Stability of Chairs and Armchairs;427
8.2.5;6.2.5 Optimisation of Skeletal Furniture;428
8.2.5.1;6.2.5.1 Aspects of Optimisation;428
8.2.5.2;6.2.5.2 Mathematical Model of Optimisation;428
8.2.5.3;6.2.5.3 Deterministic Methods of Optimisation;431
8.2.5.4;6.2.5.4 Random Methods of Optimisation;434
8.2.5.4.1;Systematic Search Method;434
8.2.5.4.2;Monte Carlo Method;440
8.2.5.4.3;Random Walk Method;445
8.2.5.5;6.2.5.5 Mixed Methods of Optimisation;448
8.3;6.3 Operational Loads on Tables;450
8.3.1;6.3.1 Stresses in Construction Elements;451
8.4;References;458
9;7 Stiffness and Strength Analysis of Case Furniture;461
9.1;7.1 Properties of Case Furniture;461
9.2;7.2 Operational Loads on Furniture During Their Usage;463
9.2.1;7.2.1 Methods of Determining Computational Loads;468
9.2.2;7.2.2 Stiffness of Case Furniture;473
9.2.2.1;7.2.2.1 Stiffness of Shelves and Horizontal Elements;473
9.2.2.2;7.2.2.2 Stiffness of Bottoms of Drawers and Containers;481
9.2.2.3;7.2.2.3 Stiffness of Closet Bars;484
9.2.2.4;7.2.2.4 Stiffness of Bodies of Furniture;485
9.2.2.5;7.2.2.5 Stiffness of Socle;494
9.2.2.6;7.2.2.6 Stiffness of Eccentric Joints;502
9.2.2.7;7.2.2.7 Stiffness of Screw Joints;511
9.2.2.8;7.2.2.8 Stability of Side Walls;520
9.2.2.9;7.2.2.9 Stability of Rear Wall;522
9.2.2.9.1;Stability of Board with Articulated Support on Perimeter;525
9.2.2.9.2;Stability of Board with Fixed Support on Perimeter;526
9.2.2.9.3;Stability of Board with Discontinuous Support on Perimeter;528
9.2.2.10;7.2.2.10 Stability of Case Furniture;529
9.2.3;7.2.3 Strength of Case Furniture;533
9.2.3.1;7.2.3.1 State of Internal Forces in Corner Joints;533
9.2.3.2;7.2.3.2 Strength of Inseparable Joints;535
9.2.3.3;7.2.3.3 Strength of Separable Joints;537
9.2.3.3.1;Strength of Screw Joints;537
9.2.3.3.2;Strength of Eccentric Joints;542
9.2.3.4;7.2.3.4 Strength of Joints of Wall Cupboards;552
9.2.3.5;7.2.3.5 Strength of Door of Vertical Rotation Axis;553
9.2.3.6;7.2.3.6 Strength of Door of Horizontal Rotation Axis;556
9.3;7.3 Durability of Usage of Case Furniture;557
9.3.1;7.3.1 Reliability of Case Furniture;557
9.3.2;7.3.2 Warranty Services;570
9.4;References;574
10;8 Stiffness and Strength Analysis of Upholstered Furniture;576
10.1;8.1 Stiffness and Strength of Upholstery Frames;576
10.2;8.2 Properties of Polyurethane Foams;581
10.2.1;8.2.1 Properties of Hyperelastic Polyurethane Foams;581
10.2.2;8.2.2 Mathematical Models of Foams as Hyperelastic Bodies;582
10.2.3;8.2.3 Correctness of Nonlinear Mathematical Models of Polyurethane Foams;596
10.2.4;8.2.4 Stiffness of Hyperelastic Polyurethane Foams;602
10.3;8.3 Elastic Properties of Human Body Soft Tissues;605
10.4;8.4 Stiffness of Upholstery Springs;611
10.4.1;8.4.1 Stiffness of Cylindrical Springs;611
10.4.2;8.4.2 Stiffness of Conical Springs;615
10.4.3;8.4.3 Modelling of Stiffness of Conical Springs;616
10.5;8.5 Parallel Systems of Springs of Various Stiffness;623
10.6;8.6 Stiffness of Spring Units;626
10.7;8.7 Experimental Testing of Stiffness of Seats;634
10.8;8.8 Model of Interaction of the Human-Seat System;636
10.9;8.9 Numerical Modelling of Human-Seat Systems;639
10.10;8.10 Model of Interaction of the Human-Bed System;645
10.11;8.11 Numerical Modelling of Human-Bed Systems;647
10.12;References;650