Snook Friendly Fire

The Accidental Shootdown of U.S. Black Hawks over Northern Iraq
Course Book
ISBN: 978-1-4008-4097-7
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 280 Seiten

No detailed description available for "Friendly Fire".

Autoren/Hrsg.

Snook, Scott A.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Soziologie Allgemein

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Figures ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

List of Abbreviations xv

1. Introduction: How In the World Could This Happen? 3

Motivation: To Learn from and Correct Our Mistakes 7

Theoretical Domain: A Normal Accident in a Highly Reliable Organization 10

Data: We Know Exactly "What" Happened 15

Analytical Strategy: Constructing a Causal Map 18

Outline of the Book: An Explanation Across Levels 22

2. The Shootdown: A Thin Description 26

Background: Context Is Important 26

Command and Control: Dense Webs of Crosscutting Guidance 31

The Players: SAVVY, COUGAR, MAD DOG, DUKE, EAGLEs, and TIGERs 40

The Shootdown: A Deadly Dance 52

Multiple Explanations: A Walk Through the Causal Map 65

3. Individual-Level Account: Why Did the F-15 Pilots Misidentify the Black Hawks? 71

Making Sense: Seeing Through the Mind's Eye 75

Ambiguous Stimulus: What Did They Actually See? 76

Expectations: What Did They Expect to See? 80

Desire: What Did They Want to See? 94

Summary: Why They Saw What They Saw 96

4. Group-Level Account: Why Did the AWACS Crew Fail to Intervene? 99

A Weak Team: Overmatched 104

Diffuse Responsibility: When Everyone's Responsible No One Is 119

Summary: The Fallacy of Social Redundancy 135

Organizational-Level Account: Why Wasn't Eagle Flight Integrated into Task Force Operations? 136

Differentiation and Integration: Whatever You Divide, You Have to Put Back Together Again 143

Interdependence: Multiple Failures to Coordinate 152

Summary: How It All Came Apart 177

6. Cross-Levels Account: A Theory of Practical Drift 179

Practical Action: A Core Category 182

Practical Drift: A Theory 186

7. Conclusions: There But by the Grace of God 202

On Theoretical Reminders: Normal Behavior Abnormal Outcome 204

On Practical Drift: Or Is It Sailing? 220

Implications: Let's Build a Library 232

Appendixes

1. Method 237

2. Friendly Fire Applied: Lessons for Your Organization? 239

References 241

Index 251

Über Autor(innen)

United States Army LTC Scott A. Snook serves as an Academy Professor in the Department of Behavioral Sciences & Leadership at the United States Military Academy. He also directs West Point's Center for Leadership and Organizations Research.