Soyez / Graßl Climate Change and Technological Options

Basic facts, Evaluation and Practical Solutions
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-211-78203-3
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 219 Seiten

An up-to-date text on climate change focussing on technical solutions for the most important and climate relevant economic sectors is presented. It is intended for key decision makers, and administrators within industry, agricultural and energy sectors, as well as masters students and post graduates. The first of three sections covers the scientific basis of climate change and the instruments to prevent or reduce negative climate effects. It includes a survey covering current practices at different levels. The second discusses evaluation methods for climate impacts from industrial processes. Climate relevant processes and measures to reduce their impact such as sequestration are defined in the final section, with the main focus being on renewable resources. Details are given on climate impacts of waste prevention, recycling and waste management as well as are proposals for every day solutions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Soyez, Konrad

Graßl, Hartmut

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of contents;5
2;List of Abbreviations;10
3;1 Introduction;13
4;2 The Climate System;14
4.1;2.1 Climate System Components;14
4.2;2.2 Observed Climate Variability and Change;15
4.3;2.3 The Greenhouse Effect of the Atmosphere;18
4.4;2.4 Greenhouse Gases;18
4.5;2.5 The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide;21
4.6;2.6 Aerosols, their Direct and Indirect Climate Effects;23
4.7;2.7 Radiative Forcing of Climate Change;26
4.8;2.8 Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks;28
4.9;2.9 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate;35
4.10;2.10 Climate Change and Vegetation;37
5;3 Climate Modelling;39
5.1;3.1 Model Basics and Structure;39
5.2;3.2 Climate Model Evaluation;41
5.3;3.3 Emission Scenarios;42
5.4;3.4 Projections of Climate Change;43
5.5;3.5 Regional Climate Change Information;48
6;4 Consequences of Mean Global Warming;52
6.1;4.1 Shrinking of the Cryosphere;52
6.2;4.2 Changes in Sea Level;53
6.3;4.3 Changed Precipitation Distribution;54
6.4;4.4 Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes;55
7;5 Impacts of and Adaptation to Climate Change;59
7.1;5.1 Vulnerability;59
7.2;5.2 What is a Climate Change Impact?;60
8;6 Sustainable Development and Climate Change;67
8.1;6.1 The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect without Analogues in Climate History;67
8.2;6.2 Carbon Cycle Feedbacks;68
8.3;6.3 Sequestration of Carbon;69
8.4;6.4 Barriers, Opportunities and Market Potential for New Technologies and Practices;70
8.5;6.5 Costs of Adaptation;74
8.6;6.6 Mitigation of Climate Change as the Prerequisite for Sustainable Development;74
8.7;6.7 A Sustainable Energy Path;77
9;7 International Climate Policy Approaches;79
9.1;7.1 First Policies, Measures and Instruments;79
9.2;7.2 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change;80
9.3;7.3 From Rio to Kyoto;81
9.4;7.4 Climate Protection Goals in Europe and Germany;83
9.5;7.5 Sustainable Development Strategy (of the EU);86
10;8 Evaluation of Climate Effects;88
10.1;8.1 The General Evaluation Problem;88
10.2;8.2 Life Cycle Assessment for Climate Control;92
11;9 Climate Effects and Mitigation Potentials of Economic Sectors;103
11.1;9.1 Processes and Typical Emissions;105
11.2;9.2 General Mitigation Potentials;106
11.3;9.3 Mitigation Potential by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS);109
12;10 Climate Impacts and Emission Mitigation of Industrial Production;112
12.1;10.1 Relevance and Trends of Industrial Sector Emissions;112
12.2;10.2 Conseqences of Climate Change for Industry;116
12.3;10.3 Climate Impacts and Emission Mitigation of Selected Industrial Processes;117
13;11 Climate Effects of Agricultural Processes;128
13.1;11.1 Overview on Agriculture and Climate Interaction;128
13.2;11.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Livestock;131
13.3;11.3 Climate Effect of Manure Management and Biogas;132
13.4;11.4 Rice Cultivation;138
13.5;11.5 Agricultural Soils;139
14;12 Climate Effects of Waste Management;141
14.1;12.1 Background;141
14.2;12.2 Source Reduction and Waste Recycling;143
14.3;12.3 Composting;151
14.4;12.4 Climate Effects of Waste Deposition in Landfills;156
14.5;12.5 Climate Effects of Waste Combustion;162
14.6;12.6 Climate Effects of Mechanical-biological Waste Pre-treatment;165
14.7;12.7 WARM – a Tool for GHG Evaluation of Waste Management Strategies;173
15;13 Energy Related Climate Impacts;178
15.1;13.1 GHG emission overview;179
15.2;13.2 GHG Emissions by Extraction of Fossil Fuels;181
15.3;13.3 Climate Effects of Fossil Fuel Use;184
15.4;13.4 Climate Effects of Other Non-biomass Energy Sources;190
15.5;13.5 Climate Effects of Biomass Derived Fuels;192
16;14 Individual Activities to Reduce Climate Impacts;205
16.1;14.1 Climate Impacts of Production and Consumption of Goods;205
16.2;of Modern City Life Style;206
16.3;14.2 Climate Impacts;206
16.4;14.3 Climate Oriented Individual Behaviour;207
17;Literature;211
18;Indication of Sources in Subtitles of Figures;221