Stanislas / Jimenez / Marusic Progress in Wall Turbulence: Understanding and Modeling

Proceedings of the WALLTURB International Workshop held in Lille, France, April 21-23, 2009
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-9603-6
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 14, 462 Seiten

Reihe: ERCOFTAC Series

This book will consist of a coherent collection of recent results on near wall turbulence including theory, new experiments, DNS, and modeling with RANS, LES and Low Order Dynamical Systems.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stanislas, Michel

Jimenez, Javier

Marusic, Ivan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Preface;8
3;Acknowledgements;9
4;Contents;10
5;Contributors;15
6;The WALLTURB Project;22
7;Invited Speakers;27
7.1;The Law of the Wall. Indications from DNS, and Opinion;29
7.1.1;Classical Position;30
7.1.1.1;Mean Velocity;30
7.1.1.2;Other Quantities;31
7.1.1.3;Behavior of Turbulence Models;32
7.1.1.4;Alternative Analytical Proposals;32
7.1.2;Conflicting Experiments;33
7.1.3;Proposals of Non-uniqueness;34
7.1.3.1;Essence of the Proposals;34
7.1.3.2;Conceptual Consequences;35
7.1.3.3;A Situation with Log Laws and Erratic kappa Values;35
7.1.4;DNS Evidence;37
7.1.4.1;Logarithmic Law;37
7.1.4.2;Law of the Wall;38
7.1.4.3;Response to Pressure Gradients;38
7.1.5;Highlights;39
7.1.6;References;40
7.2;A Web-Services Accessible Turbulence Database and Application to A-Priori Testing of a Matrix Exponential Subgrid Model;41
7.2.1;Introduction: The Web-Accessible Public Turbulence Database;41
7.2.2;The Matrix Exponential Subgrid Model for LES;42
7.2.3;Database-Enabled A-Priori Tests;45
7.2.4;Conclusions;47
7.2.5;References;47
7.3;Modeling Multi-point Correlations in Wall-Bounded Turbulence;48
7.3.1;Introduction;48
7.3.2;Multi-point Correlations and LES;50
7.3.3;Modeling Anisotropy in Wall-Bounded Turbulence;52
7.3.4;Discussion;54
7.3.5;References;55
7.4;Theoretical Prediction of Turbulent Skin Friction on Geometrically Complex Surfaces;57
7.4.1;Introduction;57
7.4.2;Mathematical Formulation;59
7.4.2.1;Skin Friction Coefficient;59
7.4.3;Application of the Formula to Surface Riblets;61
7.4.3.1;Componential Contributions;61
7.4.3.2;Drag Reduction;62
7.4.3.2.1;Straight Riblets;63
7.4.3.2.2;Wavy Riblets;64
7.4.4;Conclusions;64
7.4.5;Appendix;66
7.4.6;References;67
7.5;Scaling Turbulent Fluctuations in Wall Layers;68
7.5.1;Introduction;68
7.5.2;Composite Expansions;69
7.5.3;Reynolds Shear Stress;69
7.5.4;Vorticity Fluctuations;69
7.5.4.1;Outer Vorticity;70
7.5.4.2;Inner Vertical Vorticity;71
7.5.4.3;Inner Spanwise Vorticity;71
7.5.4.4;Inner Streamwise Vorticity;73
7.5.4.5;Outer Vorticity and Dissipation;74
7.5.5;Normal Reynolds Stresses;74
7.5.5.1;Vertical Velocity Fluctuations;74
7.5.5.2;Streamwise Velocity Fluctuations;75
7.5.5.3;Spanwise Velocity Fluctuations;76
7.5.6;Summary;78
7.5.7;References;79
8;Session 1: The WALLTURB LML Experiment;80
8.1;The WALLTURB Joined Experiment to Assess the Large Scale Structures in a High Reynolds Number Turbulent Boundary Layer;82
8.1.1;Introduction;83
8.1.2;Experimental Setup;83
8.1.3;Samples results;87
8.1.4;Conclusions;89
8.1.5;References;90
8.2;Calibration of the WALLTURB Experiment Hot Wire Rake with Help of PIV;91
8.2.1;Introduction;92
8.2.2;Wires Location;92
8.2.3;Blockage Effect;94
8.2.4;Calibration;97
8.2.5;Conclusion;99
8.2.6;References;100
8.3;Spatial Correlation from the SPIV Database of the WALLTURB Experiment;101
8.3.1;Introduction;101
8.3.2;Experimental Setup;102
8.3.2.1;SPIV System;103
8.3.2.2;PIV Analysis;104
8.3.3;Spatial Correlation;105
8.3.3.1;2D Correlations;105
8.3.3.2;3D Correlations;105
8.3.4;Conclusion;107
8.3.5;References;108
8.4;Two-Point Correlations and POD Analysis of the WALLTURB Experiment Using the Hot-Wire Rake Database;110
8.4.1;Two-Point Correlations of WALLTURB Experiments;111
8.4.2;Proper Orthogonal Decomposition;111
8.4.2.1;Eigenvalue Distribution over POD Modes;112
8.4.2.2;Eigenvalue Distribution over POD and Spanwise Fourier Modes;113
8.4.2.3;Reconstruction of Velocity Field;114
8.4.3;Discussion and Summary;116
8.4.4;References;117
9;Session 2: Experiments in Flat Plate Boundary Layers;118
9.1;Reynolds Number Dependence of the Amplitude Modulated Near-Wall Cycle;120
9.1.1;Introduction;120
9.1.2;Quantifying Amplitude Modulation;121
9.1.3;Experiments;123
9.1.4;Variations with Reynolds Number;123
9.1.5;References;126
9.2;Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of a High Reynolds Number Turbulent Boundary Layer;128
9.2.1;Introduction;128
9.2.2;Experimental Procedure;130
9.2.3;Volume Reconstruction and PIV Processing;131
9.2.4;Results;132
9.2.5;Conclusion;134
9.2.6;References;134
9.3;Study of Vortical Structures in Turbulent Near-Wall Flows;136
9.3.1;Introduction;136
9.3.2;Description of the Database;137
9.3.3;Average Properties of the Database;137
9.3.4;Detection Technique;139
9.3.5;Results: Characteristics of the Vortices;140
9.3.5.1;Density of the Vortices;140
9.3.5.2;Radius of the Vortices;141
9.3.5.3;Vorticity of the Vortices;143
9.3.6;Conclusion;145
9.3.7;References;145
10;Session 3: Experiments in Adverse Pressure Gradient Boundary Layers;147
10.1;Two-Point Near-Wall Measurements of Velocity and Wall Shear Stress Beneath a Separating Turbulent Boundary Layer;149
10.1.1;Introduction;149
10.1.2;Measurement Techniques;150
10.1.3;Results;152
10.1.3.1;Mean Wall Shear Stress, Mean Velocity and Reynolds Stresses;152
10.1.3.2;Velocity-Wall-Shear-Stress Correlation;153
10.1.3.3;Time-Lag Correlations;155
10.1.4;References;156
10.2;Experimental Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layer with Adverse Pressure Gradient Corresponding to Turbomachinery Conditions;157
10.2.1;Introduction;157
10.2.2;Experimental Setup and Measuring Techniques;158
10.2.3;Experimental Results and Scaling of TBL;160
10.2.4;Conclusion;163
10.2.5;References;164
10.3;Near Wall Measurements in a Separating Turbulent Boundary Layer with and without Passive Flow Control;165
10.3.1;Introduction;165
10.3.2;Experimental Apparatus and Methodology;166
10.3.2.1;Measurement Technique and Experiment Organization;167
10.3.3;Results and Discussion;168
10.3.3.1;Dissipation Mechanism;168
10.3.3.2;Three-Dimensional Effect of VGs;170
10.3.4;Conclusion;172
10.3.5;References;173
11;Session 4: Boundary Layer Structure and Scaling;174
11.1;On the Relationship Between Vortex Tubes and Sheets in Wall-Bounded Flows;176
11.1.1;Introduction;176
11.1.2;Statistical Analysis;177
11.1.3;Conditional Expected Fields;178
11.1.4;Conclusions;183
11.1.5;References;184
11.2;Spanwise Characteristics of Hairpin Packets in a Turbulent Boundary Layer Under a Strong Adverse Pressure Gradient;185
11.2.1;Introduction;185
11.2.2;Experimental Procedure;187
11.2.3;Results and Discussion;190
11.2.4;References;193
11.3;The Mesolayer and Reynolds Number Dependencies of Boundary Layer Turbulence;194
11.3.1;Historical Context;194
11.3.2;Spectra at Rtheta= 19,100;197
11.3.3;Summary and Conclusions;200
11.3.4;References;201
11.4;A New Wall Function for Near Wall Mixing Length Models Based on a Universal Representation of Near Wall Turbulence;202
11.4.1;Introduction;202
11.4.2;Vortices Properties in the TBL;203
11.4.3;Universal Representation;203
11.4.4;Wall Function Model;206
11.4.5;Channel Flow Validation;207
11.4.6;Conclusion;209
11.4.7;References;210
12;Session 5: DNS and LES;211
12.1;Direct Numerical Simulations of Converging-Diverging Channel Flow;213
12.1.1;Introduction;213
12.1.2;Description of the DNS;214
12.1.3;Results;215
12.1.4;Conclusions;218
12.1.5;References;219
12.2;Corrections to Taylor's Approximation from Computed Turbulent Convection Velocities;220
12.2.1;Introduction;220
12.2.2;The Estimation of the Convection Velocities;221
12.2.3;Spectral and Spatial Dependence of the Convection Velocity;222
12.2.4;The Effect of Taylor's Approximation;223
12.2.5;Conclusions;226
12.2.6;References;226
12.3;A Multi-scale & Dynamic Method for Spatially Evolving Flows;228
12.3.1;Introduction;229
12.3.2;Formulation of the Problem and Methodology;230
12.3.2.1;The Rescaling-Recycling Method: The Multi-scale Similarity Approach;230
12.3.2.2;Dynamic Approach;233
12.3.3;Results and Discussion;233
12.3.4;Conclusions;235
12.3.5;References;235
12.4;Statistics and Flow Structures in Couette-Poiseuille Flows;237
12.4.1;Introduction;237
12.4.2;Numerical Methodology;238
12.4.3;Mean and Fluctuating Properties;240
12.4.4;Turbulence Structure near the Moving Wall;241
12.4.5;Conclusions;243
12.4.6;References;243
13;Session 6: Theory;245
13.1;LES-Langevin Approach for Turbulent Channel Flow;247
13.1.1;Introduction;247
13.1.2;LES-Langevin Model for Wall Turbulence;248
13.1.3;Estimation of Stochastic Forcing in the Case of Channel Flow;250
13.1.3.1;A Priori Tests;250
13.1.3.2;The Filter and Spatial Resolution Dependence of the Stochastic Forcing and the Turbulent Force;251
13.1.3.3;Time Scale Separation;251
13.1.4;Results and Discussions;252
13.1.5;Conclusion;254
13.1.6;References;255
13.2;A Scale-Entropy Diffusion Equation for Wall Turbulence;257
13.2.1;Introduction;257
13.2.2;Scale-Entropy Diffusion Equation;258
13.2.3;Experimental Measurement of Structure Functions, Scaling Exponents and Intermittency Efficiency;259
13.2.4;Detection of Structures by a Thresholding Procedure of Velocity Fluctuations;259
13.2.5;The Notion of Equivalent Dispersion Scale;261
13.2.6;Conclusion;263
13.2.7;References;264
13.3;A Specific Behaviour of Adverse Pressure Gradient Near Wall Flows;265
13.3.1;Introduction;265
13.3.2;LML Experiment;266
13.3.3;LML Direct Numerical Simulation;266
13.3.4;Literature Data;268
13.3.5;Discussion;268
13.3.6;Conclusion;271
13.3.7;References;272
14;Session 7: RANS Modelling;274
14.1;A Nonlinear Eddy-Viscosity Model for Near-Wall Turbulence;276
14.1.1;Introduction;276
14.1.2;Mathematical Modeling;278
14.1.2.1;The Linear V2F Model;278
14.1.2.2;The Nonlinear V2F Model (NLV2F);279
14.1.3;Results and Discussion;279
14.1.3.1;Experimental and Numerical Reference Data;280
14.1.3.2;Model Results and Discussion;281
14.1.4;Concluding Remarks;283
14.1.5;References;283
14.2;ASBM-BSL: An Easy Access to the Structure Based Model Technology;284
14.2.1;Introduction;284
14.2.2;ASBM Modelling;285
14.2.3;Coupling with a k - omega Model;288
14.2.4;Validation Results;288
14.2.5;Conclusions and Perspectives;291
14.2.6;References;292
14.3;Introduction of Wall Effects into Explicit Algebraic Stress Models Through Elliptic Blending;293
14.3.1;Introduction;293
14.3.2;Explicit Algebraic Methodology;294
14.3.3;Invariant and Functional Integrity Bases;295
14.3.4;Truncated Bases;296
14.3.5;Validation of the Models;298
14.3.6;Conclusions;302
14.3.7;References;302
15;Session 8: Dynamical Systems;304
15.1;POD Based Reduced-Order Model for Prescribing Turbulent Near Wall Unsteady Boundary Condition;306
15.1.1;Introduction;307
15.1.2;POD Analysis and Modelling Strategy;307
15.1.3;Flow Reconstruction and Coupling with LES;309
15.1.4;Low-Order Dynamical Systems;311
15.1.5;Conclusions and Perspectives;312
15.1.6;References;313
15.2;A POD-Based Model for the Turbulent Wall Layer;314
15.2.1;Introduction;314
15.2.2;Characteristics of the Direct Numerical Simulation;315
15.2.3;The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition;315
15.2.4;Derivation Hypotheses;316
15.2.5;Model Validation;316
15.2.6;Influence of the Calibration Procedure;318
15.2.7;Conclusion;320
15.2.8;References;320
15.3;HR SPIV for Dynamical System Construction;322
15.3.1;Introduction;322
15.3.2;Experimental Setup;323
15.3.2.1;HR SPIV System;323
15.3.2.2;PIV Analysis;326
15.3.3;Space-Time Correlations;327
15.3.4;Conclusion;330
15.3.5;References;331
15.4;The Stagnation Point Structure of Wall-Turbulence and the Law of the Wall in Turbulent Channel Flow;332
15.4.1;Introduction;332
15.4.2;Conventional Results of DNS of Turbulent Channel Flow;333
15.4.3;The Stagnation Point Approach;335
15.4.4;Consequences of the Constancies of B1 & Cs;338
15.4.5;Conclusion;339
15.4.6;References;339
16;Session 9: Large Eddy Simulation;340
16.1;Wall Modelling for Implicit Large Eddy Simulation of Favourable and Adverse Pressure Gradient Flows;342
16.1.1;Introduction;342
16.1.2;Numerical Method and Wall Modelling;344
16.1.2.1;Cut-Cell Finite-Volume IB Method;344
16.1.2.2;Wall Model on IB Boundary;345
16.1.3;Validation and Application;346
16.1.3.1;Validation for Turbulent Channel Flow;346
16.1.3.2;Application to Bump Flow;349
16.1.4;Conclusion;350
16.1.5;References;350
16.2;LES of Turbulent Channel Flow with Pressure Gradient Corresponding to Turbomachinery Conditions;352
16.2.1;Introduction;352
16.2.2;Numerical Procedure;353
16.2.3;Analysis of the Results;355
16.2.4;Conclusions;358
16.2.5;References;359
16.3;LES Modeling of Converging Diverging Turbulent Channel Flow;360
16.3.1;Introduction;360
16.3.2;Numerical Code;361
16.3.3;Subgrid-Scale Models;362
16.3.4;Test Case Description;363
16.3.5;Results;364
16.3.6;Conclusions;367
16.3.7;References;368
16.4;Large-Scale Organized Motion in Turbulent Pipe Flow;369
16.4.1;Introduction;369
16.4.2;Flow Facility, Experimental Setup, and PIV Processing;370
16.4.3;Discussion of First Results;372
16.4.4;Outlook;376
16.4.5;References;376
17;Session 10: Skin Friction;378
17.1;Near-Wall Measurements and Wall Shear Stress;380
17.1.1;Introduction;380
17.1.2;Very Near Wall Measurements Using LDA;382
17.1.2.1;Analysis of Bias in Near Wall Measurements;383
17.1.3;Momentum Integral Method;384
17.1.4;Conclusions;386
17.1.5;References;387
17.2;Measurements of Near Wall Velocity and Wall Stress in a Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flow Using Digital Holographic Microscopic PIV and Shear Stress Sensitive Film;388
17.2.1;Introduction;388
17.2.2;Wall Shear Stress Sensor;389
17.2.2.1;Sensor Calibration and Application;390
17.2.2.2;Experimental Setup;391
17.2.2.3;Results and Discussion;392
17.2.3;Velocity Profile Measurement;392
17.2.4;Conclusion;394
17.2.5;References;395
17.3;Friction Measurement in Zero and Adverse Pressure Gradient Boundary Layer Using Oil Droplet Interferometric Method;396
17.3.1;Introduction;396
17.3.2;Oil Film Interferometric Method;396
17.3.3;Oil Droplet Interferometric Method;400
17.3.4;Test Surface;401
17.3.5;Experimental Tests: ZPG and APG Cases;401
17.3.6;Conclusion;404
17.3.7;References;404
18;Session 11: Modified Wall Flow;406
18.1;Scaling of Turbulence Structures in Very-Rough-Wall Channel Flow;408
18.1.1;Introduction;408
18.1.2;Experimental Technique;409
18.1.3;Results and Discussion;411
18.1.4;Conclusions;414
18.1.5;References;415
18.2;Characterizing a Boundary Layer Flow for Bubble Drag Reduction;416
18.2.1;Review of Work on Drag Reduction by Air Bubbles;416
18.2.2;Preparation of a Zero Pressure Gradient Developing Boundary Layer;419
18.2.3;Outlook;421
18.2.4;References;422
18.3;Direct and Large Eddy Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Viscoelastic Drag Reduction;424
18.3.1;Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS);425
18.3.1.1;DNS Model Equations;425
18.3.1.2;Numerical Method;426
18.3.1.3;DNS Results;426
18.3.2;Temporal Large Eddy Simulations (TLES);427
18.3.2.1;TLES Model Equations;428
18.3.2.2;TLES Results at Retau0=180;430
18.3.3;References;431
18.4;DNS of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Turbulent Channel Flow;432
18.4.1;Introduction;432
18.4.2;Numerical Method;433
18.4.3;Turbulence Statistics;434
18.4.4;Turbulent Kinetic Energy Budget;435
18.4.5;Heat Transfer Characteristics;436
18.4.6;Summary;438
18.4.7;References;439
19;Session 12: Industrial Modeling;440
19.1;Evaluation of v2-f and ASBM Turbulence Models for Transonic Aerofoil RAE2822;442
19.1.1;Introduction;442
19.1.2;Turbulence Model Selection and Test on Channel and Flat Plate;444
19.1.3;Results for RAE2822 Aerofoil;446
19.1.4;Conclusions;451
19.1.5;References;451
19.2;Turbulence Modelling Applied to Aerodynamic Design;454
19.2.1;Introduction;454
19.2.2;Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Modelling;455
19.2.3;Reynolds Stress Modelling;459
19.2.4;LES/DES Modelling;461
19.2.5;Conclusions and Perspectives;464
19.2.6;References;465