Steiner Introduction to Petroleum Chemicals

Based on Lectures Given at the Manchester College of Science and Technology
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5517-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 210 Seiten, Web PDF

Introduction to Petroleum Chemicals emerged from a series of lectures on the petroleum chemical industry given at the Manchester College of Science and Technology during the fall and winter of 1959. The book does not claim to be an exhaustive treatment of petroleum chemicals, but attempts to a survey of the important aspects of the industry at its present level of development. The course was given by chemists and chemical engineers engaged in the chemical industry of Britain, giving the text a British and European, as distinct from American, flavor. The book begins with a discussion of the cracking to olefins of liquid hydrocarbons. This is followed by separate chapters on separation processes for olefins; derivatives of ethylene and propylene; olefin polymerization process; and properties of polyethylenes and polypropylenes. Subsequent chapters cover the production and utilization of butadiene and isobutylene; aromatics production; manufacturing, properties, and uses of styrene and polystyrene; production of acetylene from hydrocarbons; and the carbon black industry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Steiner, H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Introduction to Petroleum Chemicals;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PREFACE;6
6;INTRODUCTION;10
7;CHAPTER 1.

CRACKING PROCESSES FOR OLEFINS;12
7.1;Conditions of cracking in non-coking systems;13
7.2;Effect of oil vapour partial pressure on ethylene yield and gas composition;15
7.3;Effect of hydrogen content on optimum conversion to gas;17
7.4;Effect of character of feedstock;19
7.5;Use of specially-treated feedstocks;21
7.6;Temperature profile in cracking;21
7.7;Classification of apparatus used in cracking;22
7.8;Conclusions on apparatus;23
7.9;REFERENCES;24
8;CHAPTER 2. SEPARATION PROCESSES FOR OLEFINS;25
8.1;Low temperature distillation of cracker gas;26
8.2;The problem of operating pressure;27
8.3;The low temperature approach (2, 3);28
8.4;High pressures and minimum refrigeration (5, 6, 7, 8);29
8.5;Features of the high pressure process;30
8.6;Pre-cooling;31
8.7;The Demethanizer (1, 8);32
8.8;Acetylene remoyal (9);33
8.9;The C2 splitter and associated equipment (10);34
8.10;Refrigeration cycles;35
8.11;Production of pure propylene;36
8.12;Absorptíoo-stripping (1, 2);38
8.13;Hypersarption (13, 14);39
8.14;Conclusion;41
8.15;REFERENCES;42
9;CHAPTER 3. PRODUCTS FROM ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE;43
9.1;Introductian;43
9.2;Industrial derivatives of ethylene and propylene;43
9.3;Processes;45
9.4;Ediyleneoxide and propyleneoxide;46
9.5;Oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde;48
9.6;Conversion of acetaldehyde to aciylonitrile;51
9.7;Propylene to acrylonitrile and acrolein;52
9.8;Ethylene hydration;54
9.9;Propylene hydration;55
9.10;Isoprene farmalion;56
9.11;The oxo reaction;59
9.12;Production of dibasic aromatic acids from propylene and benzene;62
9.13;The use of ethylene and propylene in alkylation and related reactions;63
9.14;The new route to glycerol from propylene;64
9.15;Uses of derivatives of ethylene and propylene;67
9.16;REFERENCES;68
10;CHAPTER 4. POLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE;70
10.1;The processes of olefin polymerization;70
10.2;The properties ot polyethylenes;80
10.3;Polypropylene;89
10.4;REFERENCES;94
11;CHAPTER 5. THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF BUTADIENE AND ISOBUTYLENE;95
11.1;The separation of C4 hydrocarbons;99
11.2;Hydrocarbon conversion reactions;101
11.3;The utilization of C4 hydrocarbons;102
11.4;Synthetic robbers and similar products;108
11.5;REFERENCES;111
12;CHAPTER 6. AROMATICS FROM PETROLEUM;112
12.1;Introduction;112
12.2;Production of aromatics;112
12.3;Separation of aromatics;120
12.4;Derivatives of the primary aromatic hydrocarbons ethylbenzene*;126
12.5;REFERENCES;129
13;CHAPTER 7. STYRENE AND POLYSTYRENE;130
13.1;Introduction;130
13.2;Brief history;130
13.3;Possible methods of manufacture of styrene (4);130
13.4;Dow method of producing styrene* (5);132
13.5;The uses of styrene;139
13.6;Some properties of styrene;142
13.7;Commercial methods of maoufacture of polystyrene*;143
13.8;Speciality products;144
13.9;British manufacture of polystyrene;145
13.10;Acknowledgment;146
13.11;REFERENCES;146
14;CHAPTER 8. ACETYLENE FROM HYDROCARBONS;147
14.1;Introduction;147
14.2;Physical chemistry of the processes;148
14.3;Industrial processes;157
14.4;Factors influencing choice of process;170
14.5;REFERENCES;172
15;CHAPTER 9. CARBON BLACK;175
15.1;Introduction;175
15.2;Product;176
15.3;The formation of carbon in flames;181
15.4;Manufacture;191
15.5;Processes;195
15.6;Rubber reinforcement;203
15.7;Uses;205
15.8;Summary;212
15.9;REFERENCES;213
16;INDEX;214