Stiebler Wind Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-68765-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 193 Seiten

Reihe: Green Energy and Technology

Among renewable sources wind power systems have developed to prominent s- pliers of electrical energy. Since the 1980s they have seen an exponential increase, both in unit power ratings and overall capacity. While most of the systems are found on dry land, preferably in coastal regions, off-shore wind parks are expected to add signi?cantly to wind energy conversion in the future. The theory of modern wind turbines has not been established before the 20th century. Currently wind turbines with three blades and horizontal shaft prevail. The drivenelectricgeneratorsareoftheasynchronousorsynchronoustype,withorwi- out interposed gearbox. Modern systems are designed for variable speed operation which make power electronic devices play an important part in wind energy conv- sion. Manufacturing has reached the state of a high-tech industry. Countries prominent for the amount of installed wind turbine systems feeding into the grid are in Europe Denmark, Germany and Spain. Outside Europe it is the United States of America and India who stand out with large rates of increase. The market and the degree of contribution to the energy consumption in a country has been strongly in?uenced by National support schemes, such as guaranteed feed-in tariffs or tax credits. Due to the personal background of the author, the view is mainly directed on Europe, and many examples are taken from the German scene. However, the sit- tion in other continents, especially North America and Asia is also considered.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stiebler, Manfred

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;List of Figures;10
4;List of Tables;16
5;Role of Wind as a Renewable Energy;17
5.1;1.1 Renewable Energies and Their Application;17
5.2;1.2 Wind Energy Contribution to Electrical Supply;19
6;Wind Turbines;26
6.1;2.1 General;26
6.2;2.2 Basics of Wind Energy Conversion;26
6.3;2.3 Wind Regime and Utilization;32
6.4;2.4 Power Characteristics and Energy Yield;35
7;Generators;43
7.1;3.1 General;43
7.2;3.2 Asynchronous Machines;44
7.3;3.3 Synchronous Machines;57
7.4;3.4 Generator Comparison;66
8;Electrical Equipment;68
8.1;4.1 General;68
8.2;4.2 Conventional Electrical Equipment;68
8.3;4.3 Power Electronic Converters;68
8.4;4.4 Energy Storage Devices;84
9;Wind Energy Systems;93
9.1;5.1 General;93
9.2;5.2 Systems Overview;93
9.3;5.3 Systems for Feeding into the Grid;96
9.4;5.4 Systems for Island Operation;115
10;Performance and Operation Management;126
10.1;6.1 General;126
10.2;6.2 System Component Models;126
10.3;6.3 System Control;149
10.4;6.4 Basics of Operation Management;154
11;Grid Integration and Power Quality;157
11.1;7.1 Basics of Grid Connection;157
11.2;7.2 Standard Requirements;162
11.3;7.3 System Operator Regulations;164
11.4;7.4 Power Quality;168
11.5;7.5 Noise Emission;176
12;Future of Wind Energy;181
12.1;8.1 Off-Shore Wind Energy Generation;181
12.2;8.2 Power Integration and Outlook;187
13;Annex A – List of Symbols;189
14;Annex B – List of Abbreviations;192
15;Bibliography;193
16;Index;197