Stoffel / Bollschweiler Tree Rings and Natural Hazards

A State-of-Art
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-8736-2
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 505 Seiten

Dendrogeomorphology Beginnings and Futures: A Personal Reminiscence My early forays into dendrogeomorphology occurred long before I even knew what that word meant. I was working as a young geoscientist in the 1960s and early 1970s on a problem with slope movements and deformed vegetation. At the same time, unknown to me, Jouko Alestalo in Finland was doing something similar. Both of us had seen that trees which produced annual growth rings were reacting to g- morphic processes resulting in changes in their internal and external growth p- terns. Dendroclimatology was an already well established field, but the reactions of trees to other environmental processes were far less well understood in the 1960s. It was Alestalo (1971) who first used the term, dendrogeomorphology. In the early 1970s, I could see that active slope-movement processes were affecting the growth of trees in diverse ways at certain localities. I wanted to learn more about those processes and try to extract a long-term chronology of movement from the highly diverse ring patterns.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stoffel, Markus

Bollschweiler, Michelle

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;8
2;Contents;12
3;Tree Rings and Natural Hazards – An Introduction;18
3.1;Tree Rings and Natural Hazards: An Introduction;19
4;Snow Avalanches;40
4.1;Dendrogeomorphology and Snow Avalanche Research;41
4.2;Tree-Ring Dating of Snow Avalanches in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA;49
4.3;Tracking Past Snow Avalanches in the SE Pyrenees;61
4.4;Tree-Ring Based Reconstruction of Past Snow Avalanche Events and Risk Assessment in Northern Gaspé Peninsula ( Québec, Canada);65
4.5;Using Dendrochronology to Validate Numerical Simulations of Snow Avalanches in the Patagonian Andes;88
5;Landslides;92
5.1;Dating Landslides with Trees;93
5.2;Dendrogeomorphological Analysis of a Landslide near Lago, Calabria (Italy);102
5.3;Tree-Ring Analysis and Rockfall Avalanches: The Use of Weighted Samples;113
5.4;Age of Landslides Along the Grande Rivière de la Baleine Estuary, Eastern Coast of Hudson Bay, Quebec ( Canada);116
5.5;Rainfall Up, Mountain Down?;130
6;Rockfall;135
6.1;Rockfalls and Their Hazard;136
6.2;Assessing Rockfall Activity in a Mountain Forest – Implications for Hazard Assessment;145
6.3;Tree-Ring Based Rockfall Reconstruction and Accuracy Assessment of a 3D Rockfall Model;162
6.4;Assessment of the Rockfall Frequency for Hazard Analysis at Solà d’Andorra ( Eastern Pyrenees);166
6.5;Reconstruction and Spatial Analysis of Rockfall Frequency and Bounce Heights Derived from Tree Rings;181
7;Debris Flows;185
7.1;State of the Art in Debris-Flow Research: The Role of Dendrochronology;186
7.2;Using Event and Minimum Age Dating for the Assessment of Hazards on a Debris- Flow Cone;196
7.3;Dendrogeomorphic Applications to Debris Flows in Glacier National Park, MontanaUSA;210
7.4;Frequency–Magnitude Relationships, Seasonality and Spread of Debris Flows on a Forested Cone;213
7.5;High-Precision Dating of Debris-Flow Events Within the Growing Season;229
8;Flooding;232
8.1;Tree Rings as Paleoflood and Paleostage Indicators;233
8.2;The Effects of Hydroelectric Flooding on a Reservoir’s Peripheral Forests and Newly Created Forested Islands;240
8.3;Spring Water Levels Reconstructed from Ice- Scarred Trees and Cross- Sectional Area of the Earlywood Vessels in Tree Rings from Eastern Boreal Canada;256
8.4;A 100-Year History of Floods Determined from Tree Rings in a Small Mountain Stream in the Tatra Mountains, Poland;261
8.5;Dendrohydrology and Extreme Floods Along the Red River, Canada;274
9;Meteorological Hazards;277
9.1;Weather and Climate Extremes: Where Can Dendrochronology Help?;278
9.2;Dendrotempestology and the Isotopic Record of Tropical Cyclones in Tree Rings of the Southeastern United States;286
9.3;Dendrochronological Responses to a Tornado;299
9.4;Dendroecology of Hurricanes and the Potential for Isotopic Reconstructions in Southeastern Texas;302
10;Wildfires;313
10.1;Wildfire Hazard and the Role of Tree-Ring Research;314
10.2;Mesoscale Disturbance and Ecological Response to Decadal Climatic Variability in the American Southwest;320
10.3;Wildfire Risk and Ecological Restoration in Mixed- Severity Fire Regimes;351
10.4;Wildfire Ecology and Management at Grand Canyon, USA: Tree- Ring Applications in Forest Fire History and Modeling;354
10.5;Wildfire Risk and Hazard in Northern Patagonia, Argentina;371
11;Earthquakes;376
11.1;Tree Rings and Earthquakes;377
11.2;Application of Tree-Ring Analysis to Paleoseismology;384
11.3;Tree-Ring Abnormality Caused by Large Earthquake: An Example From the 1931 M 8.0 Fuyun Earthquake;402
11.4;Tree-Ring Dated Landslide Movements and Seismic Events in Southwestern Montana, USA;406
11.5;Seismic Damage in Conifers from Olympic and Yellowstone National Parks, United States;422
12;Volcanic Activity;426
12.1;Studying Past Volcanic Activity with Tree Rings;427
12.2;Tree-Ring Evidence for the 1913 Eruption of Volcán de Fuego de Colima, Mexico;437
12.3;Dendrochemical Evidence of the 1781 Eruption of Mount Hood, Oregon;449
12.4;Volcanic Eruptions over the Last 5,000 Years from High Elevation Tree- Ring Widths and Frost Rings;452
12.5;Unknown Eruption of Shiveluch Volcano ( Kamchatka, Russia) Around AD 1756 Identified by Dendrochronology;466
12.6;Late Eighteenth Century Old Maid Eruption and Lahars at Mount Hood, Oregon ( USA) Dated with Tree Rings and Historical Observations;469
13;Overall Conclusion and Outlook;474
13.1;Whither Dendrogeomorphology?;475
14;Index;483