Strathdee / Klein / Melis Crystallization and Precipitation

Proceedings of the International Symposium, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 5-7 October 1987
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9110-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 332 Seiten, Web PDF

Crystallization and Precipitation is a collection of papers that discusses the advancement in crystallization and precipitation technology. The titles assess the relative state of evolution of the science, engineering and practice in crystallization and precipitation. The coverage of the text includes chemical reactor approach to crystallizer analysis; uranium refining by uranyl nitrate hexahydrate crystallization; and valorization of liquid effluents by crystallization of sodium sulfate. The selection also covers precipitation of ferric arsenate from acid solutions; precipitation of silver on natural and synthetic sulphides theory and prospects of industrial use; and precipitation and its alternatives in the hydrometallurgy of gold. The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals who utilizes the mineral processes of crystallization and precipitation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Strathdee, G L

Klein, M O

Melis, L A

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Crystallization and Precipitation;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Foreword;10
6;ISCAP '87 Organizing Committee;11
7;Welcome to the International Symposium on Crystallization and Precipitation;12
8;Chapter 1. Chemical Reactor Approach to Crystallizer Analysis;14
8.1;ABSTRACT;14
8.2;KEYWORDS;14
8.3;INTRODUCTION;14
8.4;MSMPR CRYSTALLIZATION STUDIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE;15
8.5;PILOT SCALE CRYSTALLIZATION STUDIES;16
8.6;SCALE UP OF SECONDARY NUCLEATION KINETICS;21
8.7;DISCUSSION;21
8.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;22
8.9;REFERENCES;22
9;Chapter 2. Feedback Control of a Laboratory Scale Potash Crystallizer;24
9.1;ABSTRACT;24
9.2;KEYWORDS;24
9.3;INTRODUCTION;24
9.4;BACKGROUND;25
9.5;THE APPARATUS;26
9.6;ANALYSIS;28
9.7;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;28
9.8;CONCLUSIONS;32
9.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;33
9.10;NOTATION;33
9.11;REFERENCES;33
10;Chapter 3. Low Temperature Crystallization of Potassium Chloride using the Natural Climate of Saskatchewan: Computer Modelling of a Pond Crystallizer;34
10.1;ABSTRACT;34
10.2;KEYWORDS;34
10.3;INTRODUCTION;34
10.4;COOLING POND MODEL;35
10.5;SYSTEM GOVERNING EQUATIONS;38
10.6;COMPUTER SIMULATION, SAMPLE CASE AND DISCUSSION;40
10.7;CONCLUSION;43
10.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;43
10.9;REFERENCES;44
11;Chapter 4. Freeze-Out Precipitation of Salts in Saline Lakes - Examples from Western Canada;46
11.1;ABSTRACT;46
11.2;KEYWORDS;46
11.3;INTRODUCTION;46
11.4;ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING;47
11.5;THE SALINE, ALKALINE LAKES;47
11.6;CONCLUSIONS;54
11.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;54
11.8;REFERENCES;55
12;Chapter 5. Multivariate Control Strategies for Design of Continuous Crystallization Processes;56
12.1;ABSTRACT;56
13;Chapter 6. Convective Effects on Secondary Nucleation and Growth;58
13.1;ABSTRACT;58
13.2;KEYWORDS;58
13.3;INTRODUCTION;58
13.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;59
13.5;CONCLUSIONS;63
13.6;LITERATURE CITED;64
14;Chapter 7. The Structural Effects of pH on Concentrated Aqueous Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate by Laser Raman Spectroscopy;66
14.1;ABSTRACT;66
14.2;KEYWORDS;66
14.3;INTRODUCTION;66
14.4;EXPERIMENTAL;67
14.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;67
14.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;72
14.7;REFERENCES;72
15;Chapter 8. Crystallization Kinetics of Potassium Sulphate in a1 m3 Batch Cooling Crystallizer;74
15.1;ABSTRACT;74
15.2;KEYWORDS;74
15.3;INTRODUCTION;74
15.4;THEORY;75
15.5;EXPERIMENTAL;76
15.6;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;78
15.7;CONCLUSIONS;82
15.8;SYMBOLS USED;82
15.9;REFERENCES;83
16;Chapter 9. Solute Clusters Formation in Supersaturated Solutions;84
16.1;ABSTRACT;84
16.2;KEYWORDS;84
16.3;INTRODUCTION;84
16.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;86
16.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;86
16.6;REFERENCES;90
16.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;90
17;Chapter 10. Distribution of Impurities in Potassium Chloride Crystals from Multiple Stage Crystallizers;92
17.1;ABSTRACT;92
17.2;KEYWORDS;92
17.3;INTRODUCTION;92
17.4;EXPERIMENTAL;93
17.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;93
17.6;CONCLUSIONS;99
17.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;99
17.8;REFERENCES;99
18;Chapter 11. Salting Out of Potassium Sulphate from Na-K-C1-SO4-H2O System by the Addition of Solid Potassium Chloride;100
18.1;ABSTRACT;100
19;Chapter 12. Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Bromide Sparging Crystallization of Chloride and Bromide Metal Salts;102
19.1;ABSTRACT;102
19.2;KEYWORDS;102
19.3;INTRODUCTION;102
19.4;PROCEDURE;104
19.5;PRECISION AND ACCURACY;105
19.6;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;106
19.7;SUMMARY;110
19.8;REFERENCES;111
20;Chapter 13. Recycling of Cover Salt in the Secondary Aluminium Industry;112
20.1;ABSTRACT;112
20.2;KEYWORDS;112
20.3;INTRODUCTION;112
20.4;THE PROCESS;114
20.5;ACTUAL FIGURES TO ECONOMY;120
20.6;REFERENCES;121
21;Chapter 14. Sodium Sulfate Crystallization;122
21.1;ABSTRACT;122
21.2;KEYWORDS;122
21.3;ANHYDROUS SODIUM SULFATE CRYSTALLIZATION;123
21.4;GLAUBER'S SALT CRYSTALLIZATION;128
21.5;SUMMARY;129
21.6;REFERENCES;129
22;Chapter 15. Valorization of Liquid Effluents by Crystallization of Sodium Sulfate;130
22.1;ABSTRACT;130
22.2;KEYWORDS;130
22.3;1 - INTRODUCTION;131
22.4;2 - PURIFICATION - CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS;133
22.5;3 - INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION - EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS;134
22.6;4 - CONCLUSIONS;137
22.7;REFERENCES;138
23;Chapter 16. Crystallization in Continuous Surface Cooled Crystallizers;140
23.1;ABSTRACT;140
23.2;KEYWORDS;140
23.3;WHEN TO USE SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZATION;142
23.4;DESIGN OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS;142
23.5;DESIGN OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS;143
23.6;OPERATION OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS;143
23.7;OPERATION OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS;144
23.8;OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS POTASH SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER;144
23.9;OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS POTASH SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER;145
23.10;OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS NaCLO3 SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER;147
23.11;OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS GLAUBERS SALT SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER;147
23.12;OTHER TYPES OF CONTINUOUS SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS;148
23.13;SUMMARY;148
24;Chapter 17. Counter Current Crystallization for Potash;150
24.1;ABSTRACT;150
24.2;KEYWORDS;150
24.3;INTRODUCTION;150
25;Chapter 18. Operation of a Byproduct Ammonium Sulphate Plant at Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited;160
25.1;ABSTRACT;160
26;Chapter 19. Hydrogen Peroxide Precipitation of Uranium in the Rabbit Lake Mill;162
26.1;ABSTRACT;162
26.2;KEYWORDS;162
26.3;INTRODUCTION;162
26.4;RABBIT LAKE MILL PROCESS SUMMARY;162
26.5;HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;163
26.6;URANIUM PRECIPITATION WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;163
26.7;ADVANTAGES OF PEROXIDE PRECIPITATION;164
26.8;environmental regulations are enforced.CHOOSING A NEW PRECIPITATION METHOD;165
26.9;CIRCUIT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT;166
26.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;169
26.11;REFERENCES;169
27;Chapter 20. Research, Development and Industrial Experience in Simo in the Precipitation of Ammonium Diuranate;172
27.1;ABSTRACT;172
27.2;KEWORDS;172
27.3;INTRODUCTION;172
27.4;1 - PROCESS SELECTION;172
27.5;1 - PROCESS;174
27.6;3 - INDUSTRIAL PROCESS;176
27.7;4. - DEVELOPMENT;178
27.8;5. - CONCLUSIONS;178
27.9;REFERENCES;178
28;Chapter 21. Case Studies of the Chemical Precipitation Processes at The Cluff Mining Uranium Mill;180
28.1;ABSTRACT;180
28.2;KEYWORDS;180
28.3;INTRODUCTION;180
28.4;BACKGROUND MONITORING OF IMPURITIES;184
28.5;IRON CAKE PRECIPITATION;185
28.6;YELLOW CAKE PRECIPITATION;187
28.7;DISCUSSIONS;193
28.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;194
28.9;REFERENCES;194
29;Chapter 22. Continuous Precipitation of Uranium Peroxide at the Lodeve Plant;196
29.1;ABSTRACT;196
29.2;KEYWORDS;196
29.3;1. INTRODUCTION;196
29.4;2. NEW PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF URANIUM BEARING LIQUORS (FIGURE 1);197
29.5;3. CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION OF THE URANIUM PEROXIDE;199
29.6;4. CONCLUSIONS;202
29.7;REFERENCES;202
30;Chapter 23. Review of Metal Precipitation by Hydrogen Reduction;204
30.1;ABSTRACT;204
31;Chapter 24. Optimization of Hydrogen Peroxide Usage in Uranium Hydrometallurgy;206
31.1;ABSTRACT;206
32;Chapter 25. Solubilities and Stabilities of Ferric Arsenates;208
32.1;ABSTRACT;208
32.2;KEYWORDS;208
32.3;INTRODUCTION;208
32.4;EXPERIMENTAL;209
32.5;BASIC FERRIC ARSENATES;210
32.6;SOLUBILITY OF NATURAL SAMPLES;214
32.7;SOLUBILITY OF CRYSTALLINE SCORODITE;216
32.8;ESTIMATED FROM ORIGINAL SULFATE CONCENTRATION;217
32.9;CONCLUSIONS;221
32.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;222
32.11;REFERENCES;222
33;Chapter 26. Cation Precipitation from Complex Acidic Sulphate Solutions Using Lime;224
33.1;ABSTRACT;224
33.2;INTRODUCTION;224
33.3;UNDERLYING PROCESS CHEMISTRY;225
33.4;LIME PREPARATION;227
33.5;SELECTED APPLICATIONS;227
33.6;SUMMARY;233
33.7;REFERENCES;233
34;Chapter 27. Study of the State of Nickel and Arsenic in Uranium Mill Tailings;234
34.1;ABSTRACT;234
34.2;KEYWORDS;234
34.3;INTRODUCTION;234
34.4;EXPERIMENTAL;235
34.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;237
34.6;CONCLUSION;241
34.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;242
34.8;REFERENCES;242
35;Chapter 28. Prediction of Solubilities in Chemical Compound Precipitation Systems;244
35.1;ABSTRACT;244
35.2;KEYWORDS;244
35.3;INTRODUCTION;244
35.4;THEORY;245
35.5;SUMMARY;257
35.6;REFERENCES;257
36;Chapter 29. Precipitation and its Alternatives in the Hydrometallurgy of Gold;260
36.1;ABSTRACT;260
37;Chapter 30. Lime Scaling at Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the Noranda Group;262
37.1;ABSTRACT;262
37.2;KEYWORDS;262
37.3;INTRODUCTION;262
37.4;REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE;263
37.5;NORANDA GROUP EXPERIENCE;266
37.6;RECOMMENDATIONS;268
37.7;REFERENCES;268
38;Chapter 31. An Overview of Iron Precipitation in Hydrometallurgy;272
38.1;ABSTRACT;272
38.2;KEYWORDS;272
38.3;INTRODUCTION;272
38.4;THE FERRIC HYDROXIDE (Fe(OH)3) PROCESS;273
38.5;THE JAROSITE PROCESS;276
38.6;FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF JAROSITE PRECIPITATION;279
38.7;THE GOETHITE (FeO.OH) PROCESS;283
38.8;THE HEMATITE (Fe2O3) PROCESS;287
38.9;CONVERSION OF IRON PRECIPITATES TO MARKETABLE PRODUCTS;291
38.10;CONCLUSIONS;292
38.11;REFERENCES;293
39;Chapter 32. Precipitation of Silver on Natural and Synthetic Sulphides Theory and Prospects of Industrial Use;298
39.1;ABSTRACT;298
39.2;KEYWORDS;298
39.3;INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE RESEARCH;298
39.4;CHEMISTRY;299
39.5;THE KINETICS OF SILVER FIXATION;303
39.6;FIXATION OF SILVER BY SPHALERITE CONTAINING IRON;304
39.7;CONCLUSION;308
39.8;REFERENCES;308
40;Chapter 33. Cementation of Gold onto Atomized Aluminium from Acid Thiourea Solutions;310
40.1;ABSTRACT;310
40.2;KEYWORDS;310
40.3;INTRODUCTION;310
40.4;CONCENTRATE DESCRIPTION;313
40.5;THIOUREA LEACHING;314
40.6;CEMENTATION ONTO ALUMINUM FROM SYNTHETIC LEACH SOLUTIONS;314
40.7;CEMENTATION ONTO ALUMINUM FROM PILOT PLANT SOLUTIONS;316
40.8;INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY;319
40.9;REFERENCES;319
41;Chapter 34. Precipitation of Ferric Arsenate from Acid Solutions;320
41.1;ABSTRACT;320
42;Chapter 35 Uranium Refining by Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate Crystallization;322
42.1;ABSTRACT;322
42.2;KEYWORDS;322
42.3;INTRODUCTION;322
42.4;EXPERIMENTAL;324
42.5;RESULTS;326
42.6;OUTLOOK;328
42.7;REFERENCES;329
43;Keyword Index;330
44;Author Index;332