Strauß / Minker Proactive Spoken Dialogue Interaction in Multi-Party Environments

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4419-5992-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 175 Seiten

Proactive Spoken Dialogue Interaction in Multi-Party Environments describes spoken dialogue systems that act as independent dialogue partners in the conversation with and between users. The resulting novel characteristics such as proactiveness and multi-party capabilities pose new challenges on the dialogue management component of such a system and require the use and administration of an extensive dialogue history. In order to assist the proactive spoken dialogue systems development, a comprehensive data collection seems mandatory and may be performed in a Wizard-of-Oz environment. Such an environment builds also the appropriate basis for an extensive usability and acceptance evaluation. Proactive Spoken Dialogue Interaction in Multi-Party Environments is a useful reference for students and researchers in speech processing.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Strauß, Petra-Maria

Minker, Wolfgang

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;List of Figures;9
4;List of Tables;11
5;1 Introduction;12
5.1;1.1 Introduction on Spoken Language Dialogue Systems;13
5.1.1;1.1.1 System Architecture;13
5.1.2;1.1.2 Current Trends in Spoken Language Dialogue Systems;17
5.2;1.2 Related Work on Advanced Dialogue Systems;19
5.3;1.3 The Computer as a Dialogue Partner;20
5.4;1.4 Challenges;24
5.5;1.5 Outline of the Book;25
6;2 Fundamentals;27
6.1;2.1 Corpus Development;27
6.2;2.2 Evaluation of Spoken Language Dialolgue Systems;30
6.3;2.3 Multi-Party Interaction;32
6.3.1;2.3.1 Speech Acts and other Linguistic Fundamentals;32
6.3.2;2.3.2 Conversational Roles;35
6.3.3;2.3.3 Human-Human and Human-Computer Interaction;38
6.4;2.4 Dialogue Modelling;44
6.4.1;2.4.1 Dialogue Context and History;45
6.4.2;2.4.2 Dialogue Management;47
6.4.3;2.4.3 Information State Update Approach To Dialogue Modelling;49
6.4.4;2.4.4 Multi-Party Dialogue Modelling;53
6.5;2.5 Summary;59
7;3 Multi-Party Dialogue Corpus;60
7.1;3.1 Existing Multi-Party Corpora;60
7.2;3.2 Wizard-of-Oz Data Collection;64
7.2.1;3.2.1 Experimental Setup;64
7.2.2;3.2.2 Procedure;65
7.2.3;3.2.3 System Interaction Policies;67
7.2.4;3.2.4 WIT: The Wizard Interaction Tool;69
7.3;3.3 The PIT Corpus;74
7.3.1;3.3.1 Data Structure;75
7.3.2;3.3.2 Annotation;76
7.3.3;3.3.3 Dialogue Analysis;77
7.4;3.4 Summary;81
8;4 Dialogue Management for a Multi-Party Spoken Dialogue System;82
8.1;4.1 Multi-Party Dialogue Modelling;84
8.1.1;4.1.1 Dialogue Model;84
8.1.2;4.1.2 Interaction Protocols;87
8.2;4.2 Dialogue Management in the Example Domain of Restaurant Selection;90
8.2.1;4.2.1 Dialogue Context;90
8.2.2;4.2.2 Domain Model;90
8.2.3;4.2.3 Task Model;91
8.2.4;4.2.4 Information State Updates;93
8.2.5;4.2.5 Dialogue Plans;100
8.3;4.3 Enabling Proactiveness;101
8.3.1;4.3.1 Optimistic Grounding and Integration Strategy for Multi-Party Setup;101
8.3.2;4.3.2 System Interaction Strategy;103
8.3.3;4.3.3 Dialogue History for Proactive System Interaction;107
8.4;4.4 Proactive Dialogue Management Example;111
8.5;4.5 Problem Solving Using Discourse Motivated Constraint Prioritisation;116
8.5.1;4.5.1 Prioritisation Scheme;118
8.5.2;4.5.2 Example;121
8.6;4.6 Summary;122
9;5 Evaluation;124
9.1;5.1 Usability Evaluation;125
9.1.1;5.1.1 Questionnaire Design;125
9.1.2;5.1.2 Participants;127
9.1.3;5.1.3 Analysing the System Progress;129
9.1.4;5.1.4 Assessing the Usability;131
9.2;5.2 Evaluating System Performance;133
9.2.1;5.2.1 Descriptive Analysis of the PIT Corpus;134
9.2.2;5.2.2 Evaluation of Discourse Motivated Constraint Prioritisation;136
9.3;5.3 Gaze Direction Analysis to Assess User Acceptance;138
9.4;5.4 Assessing Proactiveness;142
9.4.1;5.4.1 Addressing Behaviour During First Interaction Request;142
9.4.2;5.4.2 E ect of Avatar on Proactiveness;143
9.4.3;5.4.3 Subjective Evaluation;145
9.5;5.5 Summary;147
10;6 Conclusions and Future Directions;149
10.1;6.1 Summary;149
10.2;6.2 Future Directions;154
11;A Wizard Interaction Tool;158
12;B Example Dialogue;162
13;C Questionnaire;164
14;Index;168
15;References;171