Stuart Environmental Impact of Energy Strategies Within the EEC

A Report Prepared for the Environment and Consumer Protection, Service of the Commission of the European Communities
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3835-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 170 Seiten, Web PDF

Environmental Impact of Energy Strategies within the EEC is a report prepared for the Environment and Consumer Protection Service of the Commission of the European Communities. The report aims to examine the effects on the environment of the production and use of different forms of energy within the community and to determine the scope for minimizing environmental impact through the adoption of appropriate energy strategies. After an introduction, this report presents in Sections 2 and 3 the summary, conclusions, and recommendations presented at the time of the Nuclear Hearings. The main body of the report is further divided into two parts. Part A contains the assessment of future community energy needs and the forecasts of primary energy supply according to various alternative energy strategies. Part B focuses on the potential environmental consequences resulting from the production and consumption of different sources of energy.

Dr. Sam Stuart is a physiotherapist and a research Fellow within the Balance Disorders Laboratory, OHSU. His work focuses on vision, cognition and gait in neurological disorders, examining how technology-based interventions influence these factors. He has published extensively in world leading clinical and engineering journals focusing on a broad range of activities such as real-world data analytics, algorithm development for wearable technology and provided expert opinion on technology for concussion assessment for robust player management. He is currently a guest editor for special issues (sports medicine and transcranial direct current stimulation for motor rehabilitation) within Physiological Measurement and Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, respectively.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stuart, Sam

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Environmental Impact of Energy Strategies within the EEC;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;9
6;SUMMARY;10
6.1;1. Approach;10
6.2;2. Major conclusions;10
6.3;3. Recommendations;13
7;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;16
8;CHAPTER 2. CONCLUSIONS;20
8.1;2.1 1976-2000 Community energy demand;20
8.2;2.2 Energy Supply;27
8.3;2.3 Environmental Impact;33
9;CHAPTER 3. RECOMMENDATIONS;48
9.1;Recommendation 1: Energy conservation;48
9.2;Recommendation 2: Minimising of electricity demand;49
9.3;Recommendation 3: Nuclear development;49
9.4;Recommendation 4: Coal imports;50
9.5;Recommendation 5: Renewables development;50
10;PART A: ENERGY DEMAND/SUPPLY;52
10.1;CHAPTER 4. DEMAND FOR ENERGY;54
10.1.1;4.1 Introduction;54
10.1.2;4.2 Economic assumptions;55
10.1.3;4.3 Conservation;57
10.1.4;4. 4 Transport energy demand;57
10.1.5;4.5 Industrial sector;61
10.1.6;4.6 Domestic sector;65
10.2;CHAPTER 5. ENERGY SUPPLY;70
10.2.1;5.1 Introduction;70
10.2.2;5.2 Supply constraints;70
10.2.3;5.3 Energy strategies;74
10.2.4;5.4 Energy industry use;80
10.2.5;5.5 Primary energy balances;83
10.2.6;5.6 Imported primary energy requirements;86
10.2.7;5.7 Comments on projected energy supply balances;87
11;PART B: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;90
11.1;CHAPTER 6. INTRODUCTION TO PART B;92
11.2;CHAPTER 7. THERMAL POLLUTION FROM ALL SOURCES;94
11.3;CHAPTER 8. NUCLEAR POWER;96
11.3.1;8.1 Introduction;96
11.3.2;8.2 The nuclear fuel cycle;97
11.3.3;8.3 Reactor operation;111
11.3.4;8.4 Nuclear proliferation and socio-political impact;116
11.4;CHAPTER 9. IMPACT OF FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION AND USE;120
11.4.1;PRODUCTION;120
11.4.1.1;9.1 Coal;120
11.4.1.2;9.2 Oil;121
11.4.1.3;9.3
Natural gas;122
11.4.2;COMBUSTION IMPACTS - GLOBAL;122
11.4.2.1;9.4
Impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on climate;122
11.4.2.2;9.5 Particulate emissions;123
11.4.3;LOCAL AND REGIONAL IMPACTS OF COMBUSTION;123
11.4.3.1;9.6 Sulphur oxides (SOX);123
11.4.3.2;9.7 Other atmospheric pollutants (NOX , particulates, CO, HC);128
11.4.3.3;9.8 Water pollution;129
11.4.3.4;9.9 Solid wastes;130
11.4.3.5;9.10 Land requirements;131
11.4.3.6;9.11 Demand for water;131
11.5;CHAPTER 10. IMPACT OF RENEWABLE PRIMARY ENERGY DEVELOPMENT;134
11.5.1;10.1 Solar energy;134
11.5.2;10.2 Wind power;134
11.5.3;10.3 Tidal power;135
11.5.4;10.4 Wave power;135
11.5.5;10.5 Biomass;135
11.5.6;10.6 Combined heat and power;136
11.5.7;10.7 Geothermal;136
11.6;CHAPTER 11. IMPACT OF THERMAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION;138
11.6.1;11.1 Impact on amenity;138
11.6.2;11.2 Water/thermal pollution;139
11.6.3;11.3 Water requirements;139
11.6.4;11.4 Land requirements;139
11.7;CHAPTER 12. IMPACT OF THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY STRATEGIES;142
11.7.1;12.1 Nuclear power;142
11.7.2;12.2 Atmospheric pollution;148
11.7.3;12.3 Water pollution;152
11.7.4;12.4 Solid waste;152
11.7.5;12.5 Water requirements;153
11.7.6;12.6 Land requirements;153
11.7.7;12.7 Impact of renewable sources of energy;156
11.7.8;12.8 Conservation;157
11.7.9;12.9 Comments;157
12;APPENDICES;160
12.1;APPENDIX 1;160
12.2;APPENDIX 2;162
12.3;APPENDIX 3;164
12.4;APPENDIX 4;166
13;REFERENCES;168