E-Book, Englisch, 712 Seiten, Web PDF
Stuart Non-Waste Technology and Production
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3759-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Proceedings of an International Seminar Organized by the Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental Problems on the Principles and Creation of Non-Waste Technology and Production, Paris, 29 November - 4 December 1976
E-Book, Englisch, 712 Seiten, Web PDF
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3759-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Dr. Sam Stuart is a physiotherapist and a research Fellow within the Balance Disorders Laboratory, OHSU. His work focuses on vision, cognition and gait in neurological disorders, examining how technology-based interventions influence these factors. He has published extensively in world leading clinical and engineering journals focusing on a broad range of activities such as real-world data analytics, algorithm development for wearable technology and provided expert opinion on technology for concussion assessment for robust player management. He is currently a guest editor for special issues (sports medicine and transcranial direct current stimulation for motor rehabilitation) within Physiological Measurement and Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, respectively.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Front Cover;1
2;Non-Waste Technology and Production;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Introduction;12
6;Conclusions and Recommendations;14
7;List of Contributors;28
8;Part I: Concepts and Principles of Non-waste Technology;32
8.1;Introductory Report;34
8.1.1;A. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY;34
8.1.2;B. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AS A BASIS FOR THE CREATION OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY;35
8.1.3;C. THE ESSENCE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS;36
8.1.4;D. INTRODUCTION OF RECYCLING IN CTS AS A MEANS OF REDUCING WASTE;39
8.1.5;E. METHODS OF PROCESSING WASTE INTO SECONDARY MATERIAL RESOURCES;40
8.2;Chapter 1. Main Results of the Symposium of the CMEA Countries on the Theoretical, Technical and Economic Aspects of Low- Waste and Non- Waste Technology;44
8.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;44
8.2.2;II. THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY;45
8.2.3;III. ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF LOW-WASTE AND NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY;47
8.2.4;IV. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND FLOW DIAGRAMS IN VARIOUS BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY;50
8.2.5;V. CONCLUSION;54
8.3;Chapter 2.
A Broader Definition of Nan- Waste Technology;56
8.4;Chapter 3. New Ways of Developing Chemical and Related Procedures Free of Wastes or Low in Wastes in Hungary;60
8.5;Chapter 4.
Concepts and Principles of Non-waste Technology;64
8.5.1;NEW TECHNOLOGIES;64
8.5.2;NON-WASTE ENGINEERING;64
8.5.3;WASTE ENGINEERING;65
8.5.4;RESOURCE ENGINEERING;65
8.5.5;REFERENCES;69
8.6;Chapter 4. Eco-Productivity: A Positive Approach to Non-waste Technology;70
8.6.1;INTRODUCTION;70
8.6.2;SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;71
8.6.3;ENERGY;71
8.6.4;RAW MATERIALS;72
8.6.5;LAND;77
8.6.6;WATER;78
8.6.7;COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORTATION;79
8.6.8;SHELTER;79
8.6.9;EDUCATION, POLITICS AND CONFLICT;80
8.6.10;GOODS AND SERVICES AND EMPLOYMENT;80
8.6.11;FOOD;81
8.6.12;HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT;82
8.6.13;CONCLUSION;82
8.7;Chapter 5. Concepts and Principles of Non-waste Technology;84
8.7.1;1. DEFINITION;84
8.7.2;2. AIMS OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGIES;84
8.7.3;3. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS. INPUT/OUTPUT ANALYSIS;87
8.7.4;4. INSTRUMENTS FOR ENCOURAGING APPLICATION OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGIES;89
8.7.5;5. SUMMARY-LONG-TERM POLICIES;90
9;Part II:
State of Non-waste Technology;92
9.1;Section I: National Experience and Policy Introductiory Repot;94
9.1.1;Introductory Report;94
9.1.1.1;AUSTRIA;94
9.1.1.2;BELGIUM;95
9.1.1.3;CANADA;95
9.1.1.4;FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY;95
9.1.1.5;FINLAND;96
9.1.1.6;FRANCE;96
9.1.1.7;HUNGARY;96
9.1.1.8;THE NETHERLANDS;96
9.1.1.9;POLAND;97
9.1.1.10;SWEDEN;98
9.1.1.11;THE UNITED STATES;98
9.1.1.12;THE USSR;98
9.1.1.13;THE UNITED KINGDOM;99
9.1.1.14;YUGOSLAVIA;99
9.1.2;Chapter 6. State of Non- Waste Technology in the Netherlands: National Experience and Policy;100
9.1.2.1;INTRODUCTION;100
9.1.2.2;PUBLIC INTERFERENCE WITH INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES IN FAVOUR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY;101
9.1.2.3;SUMMARY;103
9.1.3;Chapter 7. Non- Waste Technology: Comments on the Canadian Scene;104
9.1.4;Chapter 8. Austrian National Report on Non- Waste Technology;108
9.1.4.1;AUSTRIAN PROCEDURES OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY;108
9.1.4.2;PREFACE;110
9.1.5;Chapter 9. Some Aspects of Production Without Waste of Mineral Raw Materials in Poland;136
9.1.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;136
9.1.5.2;2. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOITED RAW MATERIALS AND WASTES;137
9.1.5.3;3. MEANS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM AND ITS ORGANIZATION;139
9.1.5.4;4. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPAL PROBLEM;142
9.1.5.5;5. ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COMPLEX UTILIZATION OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS;147
9.1.5.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;149
9.1.5.7;REFERENCES;150
9.1.6;Chapter 10. Non- Waste Technology: United Kingdom Experience and Policy;152
9.1.6.1;GREEN PAPER: WAR ON WASTE;153
9.1.6.2;WASTE MATERIALS EXCHANGE;156
9.1.7;Chapter 11. French Policies in Pollution-Free Technology;158
9.1.8;Chapter 12. Experience and Policy with Regard to Non-Waste Technology in Hungary;160
9.1.9;Chapter 13. Report from the Swedish Government;168
9.1.9.1;INTRODUCTION;168
9.1.9.2;MANAGEMENT OF LAND AND WATER RESOURCES ENERGY AND CELLULOSE MATERIALS ACCORDING TO THE BUILDING ACT;174
9.1.9.3;FUTURE STUDY OF RESOURCES AND RAW MATERIALS;176
9.1.10;Chapter 15.
Production Sans Déchets en Belgique;178
9.1.10.1;PROGRAMME NATIONAL DE R & D SUR L'ECONOMIE DES DECHETS ET DES MATIERES PREMIERES SECONDAIRES;178
9.1.10.2;1. OBJECTIFS DU PROGRAMME NATIONAL;178
9.1.10.3;2. PLAN GENERAL DU PROGRAMME NATIONAL;179
9.1.10.4;3. ETUDE DE LA "PRODUCTION SANS DECHETS" DANS LE PROGRAMME NATIONAL;179
9.1.10.5;4. COUT TOTAL DU PROGRAMME NATIONAL;184
9.1.11;Chapter 16.
Non- Waste Technology in Finland;186
9.1.11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;186
9.1.11.2;2. NWT IN THE PRODUCTION OF RAW MATERIALS;186
9.1.11.3;3. NWT IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF RAW MATERIALS;187
9.1.11.4;4. NWT AT THE PRODUCTION STAGE;187
9.1.11.5;5. NWT IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS;189
9.1.11.6;6. NWT AT THE REJECTION STAGE;189
9.1.11.7;7. NWT IN THE MACRO-SYSTEM;189
9.1.12;Chapter 17. State of Non- Waste Technology: United States Experience and Policy;192
9.1.12.1;OVERVIEW;192
9.1.12.2;STATE OF NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES;192
9.1.12.3;NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND POLICIES;193
9.1.12.4;RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT;196
9.1.12.5;METHODOLOGIES;197
9.1.12.6;PROSPECTS FOR NWT IN THE UNITED STATES;197
9.1.13;Chapter 18. Experience and Policies in the Field of Non-Waste Technology in the Federal Republic of Germany;200
9.1.14;Chapter 19.
Expériences et Politique de la Yougoslavie;206
9.1.14.1;I. CERTAINS ELEMENTS DE LA POLITIQUE NATIONALE EN MATIERE DE LA TECHNOLOGIE NON-POLLUANTE;206
9.1.14.2;II. CERTAINS RESULTATS ET EXPERIENCES ACQUISES SUR LE PLAN DE L'INTRODUCTION DE LA TECHNOLOGIE SANS DECHTS;207
9.2;Section II:
Industrial Experience;210
9.2.1;Introductory Report;210
9.2.2;Introductory Report;222
9.2.3;Introductory Report;224
9.2.3.1;BASIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY;225
9.2.3.2;THE ORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY;226
9.2.3.3;THE COKE-OVEN INDUSTRY;227
9.2.3.4;THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY;227
9.2.3.5;NON-FERROUS METALLURGY;228
9.2.3.6;THE POWER INDUSTRY;228
9.2.3.7;REFERENCES;229
9.2.4;Chapter 20.
Protein Recovery from Liquid Potato Wastes;232
9.2.5;Chapter 21.
Profitable Industrial Uses for Whey;244
9.2.5.1;I. SOURCE AND COMPOSITION OF WHEY-ITS POLLUTING POWER;244
9.2.5.2;II. METHODS FOR PROFITABLE INDUSTRIAL USES;245
9.2.5.3;III. ESTIMATES OF POSSIBLE PROFITABLE USES;248
9.2.6;Chapter 22.
Dyeing in a Solvent Medium: STX Process;252
9.2.6.1;INTRODUCTION;252
9.2.6.2;SOME CONSIDERATION ON DYEING IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM;253
9.2.6.3;THE STX PROCESS;254
9.2.6.4;PROBLEMS AND DISADVANTAGES;255
9.2.6.5;POLLUTION PROBLEMS;256
9.2.6.6;PROCESS PROFITABILITY;257
9.2.6.7;CONCLUSIONS;259
9.2.7;Chapter 23.
How and Why we Chose Integral Recycling;262
9.2.7.1;HISTORICAL ACCOUNT;262
9.2.7.2;POLLUTION;262
9.2.7.3;SOLUTION;263
9.2.7.4;SAFETY;265
9.2.7.5;RESULTS;266
9.2.7.6;ADVANTAGES OF THE PROCESS;267
9.2.7.7;EFFECT ON QUALITY;267
9.2.7.8;CONCLUSIONS;269
9.2.8;Chapter 24. Recovery of the Iron Contained in Pickling Solutions and Waste Ore Etching Solutions, in the Form of Magnetite;270
9.2.8.1;I. INTRODUCTION;270
9.2.8.2;II. FERROUS METAL ETCHING INSTALLATIONS;270
9.2.8.3;III. TITANIUM ORE PROCESSING INSTALLATIONS;275
9.2.8.4;IV. CONCLUSIONS;276
9.2.9;Chapter 25. Waste Exchanges: Improved Management for a New Type of Growth;278
9.2.9.1;INTRODUCTION;278
9.2.9.2;THE REASONS BEHIND WASTE EXCHANGES;278
9.2.9.3;HOW WASTE EXCHANGES OPERATE;280
9.2.9.4;CONCLUSION;282
9.2.10;Chapter 26. Metals in the Organic Chemical Industry: Problems and Aids for Non- Waste Technologies;284
9.2.11;Chapter 27. The Use of Natural Zeolites in the Chemical Industry;288
9.2.11.1;1. STRUCTURE OF ZEOLITES;288
9.2.11.2;2. NATURAL ZEOLITES IN HUNGARY;289
9.2.11.3;3. APPLICABILITY OF ZEOLITES IN NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGIES;290
9.2.11.4;REFERENCES;291
9.2.12;Chapter 28. The Utilization of Brown Coals Other Than for Energy Production;294
9.2.12.1;ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF BROWN COALS;294
9.2.12.2;TYPES OF BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AND THEIR MAJOR EFFECTS;295
9.2.12.3;BASES OF SOLVENT COAL PROCESSING;295
9.2.12.4;"REFINING" OF LEACHED COAL;298
9.2.12.5;UTILIZATION OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON COAL BASIS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION;300
9.2.13;Chapter 28. Non- Waste Technology in Belgium;302
9.2.13.1;INTRODUCTION;302
9.2.13.2;COLLIERY SPOILS;303
9.2.13.3;THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY;303
9.2.13.4;THE NON-FERROUS METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY;306
9.2.13.5;OTHER MINERAL WASTES;306
9.2.13.6;THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY;307
9.2.13.7;THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY;307
9.2.13.8;THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY;308
9.2.13.9;CHEMICAL RECOVERY OF POLYURETHANE FOAM;308
9.2.13.10;RECOVERY OF THE UNDERLAYER OF PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM WASTES;308
9.2.13.11;RECYCLING OF PETP-FILM WASTES;309
9.2.13.12;RECYCLING OF MIXED PLASTIC WASTES;309
9.2.13.13;AGRICULTURE;310
9.2.13.14;DAIRIES;310
9.2.13.15;VEGETABLE CANNING INDUSTRY;310
9.2.13.16;THE SUGAR INDUSTRY;311
9.2.13.17;TANNERIES;312
9.2.13.18;CONCLUSIONS;312
9.2.13.19;REFERENCES;312
9.2.14;Chapter 29.
Outokumpu Flash Smelting Method;314
9.2.14.1;INTRODUCTION;314
9.2.14.2;PROCESS DESCRIPTION;314
9.2.14.3;SULPHUR DISTRIBUTION;317
9.2.14.4;ENERGY CONSUMPTION;318
9.2.14.5;TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLASH SMELTING METHOD;319
9.2.15;Chapter 30. Methods of Conserving Raw Material and Energy and Protecting the Environment in Chemical and Electro-Chemical Plating Plants;320
9.2.15.1;RECOVERY OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS IN PRE-TREATMENT;320
9.2.15.2;CONSERVATION OF PROCESS WATER;323
9.2.15.3;RINSING WATER TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF CHEMICALS;324
9.2.16;Chapter 31. Experience in Designing a Complex Scheme for Refining and Re-Use of Waste Waters and Creation of a Drainage-free Scheme of Water Supply and Sewerage in an Industrial Enterprise;332
9.2.16.1;1. CONDITIONS OF CREATING A COMPLEX SCHEME;332
9.2.16.2;2. PREREQUISITES FOR CREATING A COMPLEX SCHEME;332
9.2.16.3;3. EXPERIENCE IN ORGANISATION OF CREATING A COMPLEX SCHEME;333
9.2.16.4;4. PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPING A COMPLEX SCHEME;334
9.2.16.5;5. ALL-PLANT REFINING WORKS;336
9.2.16.6;6. UTILIZATION OF SEDIMENTS OBTAINED IN THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS AND PRODUCTION WASTES;338
9.2.16.7;7. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS;338
9.2.17;Chapter 32. A Review of Non- Waste Technology Problems in Some Major Production Branches;340
9.2.17.1;CONCLUSIONS;343
9.2.18;Chapter 33. Developing Conservation-Oriented Technology for Industrial Pollution Control;344
9.2.18.1;GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES;345
9.2.18.2;THE 3M COMPANY PROGRAM;345
9.2.18.3;PROGRAM EXAMPLES;346
9.2.18.4;POLLUTANTS ARE MISPLACED RESOURCES;346
9.2.19;Chapter 34.
The Nordic Organization for Waste Exchange;348
9.2.19.1;THE NORDIC ORGANIZATION FOR WASTE EXCHANGE;348
9.2.20;Chapter 35. Programme Considerations and Experiences in Optimizing Industrial Materials Flow and Utilization for a Non- Waste Technology;356
9.2.20.1;INTRODUCTION;356
9.2.20.2;EVOLVING BASE PROGRAM;356
9.2.20.3;IMPLEMENTATION;358
9.2.20.4;SUBSTANTIVE RESEARCH;358
9.2.21;Chapter 36. No- Waste Salt . No Decontamination: A New Step in the Salt Bath Technology;362
9.2.21.1;INTRODUCTION;362
9.2.21.2;PHENOMENA IN NITRIDING;363
9.2.21.3;INFLUENCE OF NITRIDING ON THE WORKPIECE SURFACE;365
9.2.21.4;COOLING AFTER NITRIDING;369
9.2.21.5;PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS;369
9.2.21.6;TREATMENT OF TOOLS;376
9.2.21.7;SUMMARY;380
9.2.22;Chapter 37. The Design of Non- Waste Technologies Taking the Example of a Lignite Transformation Complex in the German Democratic Republic;382
9.3;Section III: Case Studies from the Iron and Steel Indus try3 Pulp and Paper Industry. Packaging and the Tyre Industry;386
9.3.1;Chapter 38. The Iron and Steel Industry: Pollution Control and Recycling;386
9.3.1.1;INTRODUCTION;386
9.3.1.2;COKING PLANTS: WATER POLLUTION;387
9.3.1.3;COKING PLANTS: AIR POLLUTION;388
9.3.1.4;SINTERING PLANTS: WATER POLLUTION;389
9.3.1.5;AIR POLLUTION;389
9.3.1.6;CONCLUSIONS;395
9.3.2;Chapter 39. The Outlook for Progress and Technological Methods in a Paper Industry Confronted with Environmental Problems;396
9.3.2.1;INTRODUCTION;396
9.3.2.2;1. WHERE POLLUTION ORIGINATES;396
9.3.2.3;2. PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN THE UTILIZATION OF SLASH AND OTHER FOREST RESOURCES;401
9.3.2.4;3. WASTE TREATMENT-OUTLOOK FOR DEVELOPING NEW LOW-POLLUTION PROCESSES;402
9.3.2.5;CONCLUSION;408
9.3.3;Chapter 40.
Non- Waste Production of Bleached Kraft Pulp;410
9.3.3.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;414
9.3.4;Chapter 41. Réduction de la Charge de Pollution de l'Eau Provenant d'une Usine de Pâte au Sulfate Blanchie;416
9.3.4.1;EMPLOI DE MESURES EXTERNES;419
9.3.4.2;EMPLOI DE MESURES INTERNES;421
9.3.4.3;TENTATIVE D'EVALUATION ECONOMIQUE;428
9.3.4.4;QUELQUES TECHNIQUES NOUVELLES;433
9.3.5;Chapter 42.
Displacement Bleaching;436
9.3.5.1;INTRODUCTION;436
9.3.5.2;THE CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE;436
9.3.5.3;THE NEW TECHNOLOGY;437
9.3.5.4;DISPLACEMENT BLEACHING;438
9.3.5.5;SPIN-OFF DEVELOPMENT;442
9.3.5.6;LITERATURE CITED;444
9.3.6;Chapter 43. Biological Method for Purifying Kraft Pulp Mill Condensates;446
9.3.6.1;DEVELOPMENT OF ENSO-BIOX;446
9.3.7;Chapter 44.
Packaging Alternatives for Wine;452
9.3.7.1;INTRODUCTION;452
9.3.7.2;WINE PACKAGING SITUATION IN HOLLAND;452
9.3.7.3;RESOURCE CONSUMPTION;452
9.3.7.4;WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH THESE DATA?;454
9.3.7.5;CONCLUSION;455
9.3.8;Chapter 45.
The Recovery of Glass in Switzerland;458
9.3.9;Chapter 46. The Status of Non- Waste Technology in the U.S. Steel Industry;474
9.3.9.1;INTRODUCTION;474
9.3.9.2;BASIC STEEL-PRODUCING PROCESSES;474
9.3.9.3;PRODUCT DESIGN AND USE;477
9.3.9.4;CONCLUDING REMARKS;479
9.3.9.5;REFERENCES;480
9.3.10;Chapter 47. The Status of Non- Waste Technology in the US Packaging Industry;482
9.3.10.1;INTRODUCTION;482
9.3.10.2;WASTE REDUCTION IN THE PACKAGING SECTOR;483
9.3.10.3;RESOURCE RECOVERY IN PACKAGING SECTOR;489
9.3.10.4;WASTE REDUCTION, RESOURCE RECOVERY AND THE US PACKAGING INDUSTRY;491
9.3.10.5;REFERENCES;491
9.3.11;Chapter 48.
Non- Waste Technology: The Case of Tyresin the United States;494
9.3.11.1;I. INTRODUCTION;494
9.3.11.2;II. NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY FOR TIRES AND EFFICIENT RESOURCE USE;495
9.3.11.3;III. RECOVERY OF TIRE MATERIALS;497
9.3.11.4;REFERENCE;499
9.3.12;Chapter 49. Two Examples of Low Emission Technologies in the Pulp and Paper Industry;500
9.3.12.1;1. PRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE;500
9.3.12.2;2. EMISSIONS OF THE PULP INDUSTRY;501
9.3.12.3;3. BLEACHING OF THE SULPHITE PULPS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;503
9.3.12.4;4. RESULTS ALREADY ATTAINED BY THE FACTORY TESTS;504
9.3.12.5;5. EMISSION OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY;505
9.3.12.6;6. COMPLETELY CLOSED CIRCULATION IN PAPER PRODUCTION;506
9.3.12.7;7. SOME RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME;507
9.3.12.8;REFERENCES;509
9.3.13;Chapter 50. Treatment and Preparation of Dusts and Sludges in the Steel Industry;512
9.3.13.1;BLAST-FURNACE COKING PLANTS;513
9.3.13.2;SINTERING PLANTS;515
9.3.13.3;BLAST-FURNACE OPERATION;516
9.3.13.4;STEELWORKS;518
9.3.13.5;ROLLING MILLS;526
9.3.13.6;SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK;529
9.3.13.7;REFERENCES;530
9.3.14;Chapter 51. The Application of Material-Saving and Low-Waste Technologies in the Metal Container Industry with Special Reference to Drawn and Wall-Ironed Beverage Cans;532
9.3.14.1;INTRODUCTION;532
9.3.14.2;1. THE APPLICATION OF LOW-WASTE AND RESOURCE-PRESERVING TECHNOLOGIES IN CLASSICAL FIELDS OF TINPLATE PACKAGING;533
9.3.14.3;2. THE DEVELOPMENT FROM THREE-PIECE BEVERAGE CANS TO TWO-PIECE DRAWN AND WALL-IRONED CANS FOR BEER AND BEVERAGES;538
9.3.14.4;CONCLUSION;542
9.3.14.5;LITERATURE;544
9.3.15;Chapter 52.
Disposal of Ironworks Waste;546
9.3.16;Chapter 53. The Heye-EPB Process, a Low- Waste Technology;550
10;Part III: Cost/Benefit Aspects of Non-waste Technology;558
10.1;Introductory Report;560
10.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;560
10.1.2;II. SOME QUESTIONS AND IDEAS FOR DISCUSSION;562
10.2;Chapter 54. Cost-Benefit Considerations in Waste-Free Production Methods;564
10.2.1;I. THEORETICAL CONTEXT OF THE ANALYSIS;564
10.2.2;II. EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED WASTE-FREE TECHNOLOGIES;570
10.3;Chapter 55. The Introduction of Non- Waste Technological Processes in the Hungarian Silicate Industry;578
10.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;578
10.3.2;II. UTILIZATION OF SILICATE INDUSTRIAL WASTES;579
10.3.3;III. UTILIZATION OF THE WASTES OF OTHER INDUSTRIAL BRANCHES IN THE SILICATE INDUSTRY;583
10.3.4;IV. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSITIONS;587
10.4;Chapter 56.
Economie Aspects of Non- Waste Management;590
10.4.1;ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN NON-WASTE MANAGEMENT;590
10.4.2;THE MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-WASTE ECONOMY;591
10.4.3;NON-WASTE ECONOMY AS AN ELEMENT IN THE CALCULATION OF EFFICIENCY;594
10.4.4;IMPACT OF SITING OF INDUSTRY ON THE VOLUME OF NON-WASTE PRODUCTION;598
10.4.5;NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY - CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION;600
11;Part IV: Ways and Means of Implementing Non-wast e Technology;604
11.1;Introductory Report;606
11.2;Chapter 57. The Role of Design Education in Non- Waste Technology;614
11.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;614
11.2.2;2. STARTING-POINTS;616
11.2.3;3. NON-WASTE TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING DESIGN;618
11.2.4;CONCLUSION;626
11.2.5;APPENDIX I;627
11.2.6;APPENDIX II;628
11.2.7;REFERENCES;630
11.3;Chapter 58. A Survey of the Location , Disposal and Prospective Uses of the Major Industrial By-Products and Waste Materials;632
11.3.1;REFERENCES;634
11.4;Chapter 59. Statutory and Financial Provisions for the Establishment of Manufacturing Methods Free of Waste Products;636
11.5;Chapter 60. Applications of Material Flow Analysis in Resource Management;640
11.5.1;BACKGROUND;640
11.5.2;REFERENCES;644
11.6;Chapter 61.
An Overview of Solid Waste Product Charges;646
11.6.1;THE CONCEPT;647
11.6.2;DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS;647
11.6.3;IMPACT AND EFFECTIVENESS;649
11.6.4;STATUS OF PRODUCT CHARGE POLICIES;650
11.7;Chapter 62. Administrative Ways and Means of Implementing Non- Waste Technology;652
11.7.1;2. PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE;653
11.7.2;3. PROBLEMS OF INSTRUMENTS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE FIELD;662
11.8;Chapter 63. Non- Waste Technologies: Ways and Means of Implementation;666
11.8.1;OVERVIEW;666
11.8.2;IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES;666
11.8.3;GOVERNMENT SUPPORT OF RD&D;667
11.8.4;CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK;668
11.8.5;RESULTS;669
11.8.6;APPLICABILITY;670
12;Part V: Methodological and Strategic Aspects of Non-waste Technology;672
12.1;Introductory Report;674
12.1.1;I. PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT;674
12.1.2;II. METHODOLOGY FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF A WASTE-FREEPRODUCTION TECHNIQUE;675
12.1.3;III. PROMOTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A WASTE-FREE PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE;678
12.1.4;IV. FORECASTS AND PROSPECTS;679
12.1.5;V. CONCLUSION;680
12.2;Chapter 64. General Aspects of the Development of Chemical Production Systems in Regions with a Complicated State of Environment;682
12.2.1;SUMMARY;682
12.3;Chapter 65. Perspectives for the Development of Non- Waste Technological Processes in Various Branches of Industry;684
12.3.1;SUMMARY;684
12.4;Chapter 66. A Method of Assessing Non- Waste Technology and Production;686
12.4.1;REFERENCES;690
12.5;Chapter 67. Non- Waste Technology and the Materials Flow in an Economy: Facts and Perspectives;692
12.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;692
12.5.2;2. MATERIALS HANDLING IN THE PAST;692
12.5.3;3. PERSPECTIVES OF NWT;698
12.5.4;REFERENCES;701
12.5.5;PROGRAMS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY RELATED TO NWT;702
13;Annex;704
13.1;Inaugural Addresses;706
13.1.1;Vincent Ansquer;706
13.1.1.1;APRES LES TECHNIQUES DE DÉPOLLUTION, PRIORITE AUX TECHNIQUES ANTI-POLLUTION ;706
13.1.2;Janez Stanovnik;710
