Stuart Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits

Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport, United Nations, New York
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5581-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 200 Seiten, Web PDF

Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits reviews advances in the mining and processing of low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits, taking into account the environmental considerations that increasingly are being regarded as a necessary prerequisite to acceptable mineral resources development. The focus is on marginal and sub-marginal ores, as well as ores of above normal cut-off grades which for some reason cannot be mined and/or processed economically at current technological or economic levels. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of low-grade ore potential, followed by a discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of in situ mining. Block cave-in place leaching, biological leaching of sulfide ores, and nuclear chemical mining of primary copper sulfides are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the economics and safety of nuclear chemical copper mining; hydrometallurgy of low-grade copper ores; trends in process metallurgy; and environmental aspects of mining and processing low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits. This monograph should be of interest to mining officials and professionals.

Dr. Sam Stuart is a physiotherapist and a research Fellow within the Balance Disorders Laboratory, OHSU. His work focuses on vision, cognition and gait in neurological disorders, examining how technology-based interventions influence these factors. He has published extensively in world leading clinical and engineering journals focusing on a broad range of activities such as real-world data analytics, algorithm development for wearable technology and provided expert opinion on technology for concussion assessment for robust player management. He is currently a guest editor for special issues (sports medicine and transcranial direct current stimulation for motor rehabilitation) within Physiological Measurement and Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, respectively.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stuart, Sam

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;SYNOPSIS;10
6.1;A Review of Low-Grade Ore Potential;10
6.2;Recent Advances in Mining Technology;11
6.3;Advances in Mineral Processing;12
6.4;Advances in Hydrometallurgy;13
6.5;Advances in Pyrometallurgy;14
6.6;Environmental Aspects;16
7;CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS;18
7.1;Low–Grade Ore Potential;18
7.2;Advances in Mining;18
7.3;Mineral Processing;19
7.4;Hydrometallurgy;19
7.5;Pyrometallurgy;20
7.6;Environmental Aspects;20
8;TECHNICAL REPORTS BY PARTICIPANTS;21
8.1;CHAPTER 1. A REVIEW OF LOW-GRADE ORE POTENTIAL;21
8.1.1;Introduction;21
8.1.2;Evaluation of Mineral Potential;21
8.1.3;Definition of Terms;22
8.1.4;Mineral Deposit Environments;23
8.1.5;Appraisal of Mineral Discovery Potential;35
8.1.6;Conclusions;45
8.1.7;References;48
8.2;CHAPTER 2. IN SITU MINING – THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS;49
8.2.1;Introduction;49
8.2.2;PART I IN SITU MINING - THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS;50
8.2.3;In Situ Mining Technology;52
8.2.4;Discussion;61
8.3;CHAPTER 3. BLOCK CAVE–IN PLACE LEACHING;64
8.3.1;Basis for Conclusion and General Remarks;69
8.3.2;Construction of Leaching Rate Working Curves;69
8.3.3;Appendix 1 PRESENT DAY UNIT MINING COST IN UNITED STATES;77
8.3.4;Appendix 2 CAPITAL COST;78
8.4;CHAPTER 4. BIOLOGICAL LEACHING OF SULFIDE ORES;81
8.4.1;Introduction;81
8.4.2;Requirement for Bacterial Activity;81
8.4.3;Evaluation of Leachability;94
8.4.4;Dump Leach Techniques;97
8.4.5;In Situ Leaching;99
8.4.6;Concentrate Leaching;100
8.4.7;Conclusions;101
8.4.8;References;102
8.5;CHAPTER 5. NUCLEAR CHEMICAL MINING OF PRIMARY COPPER SULPHIDES;105
8.5.1;Abstract;105
8.5.2;Introduction;106
8.5.3;Sulfide Dissolution;109
8.5.4;Extraction of Metal Values from Broken Ore;119
8.5.5;Oxygen Distribution in Chimney;121
8.5.6;Model of Recovery of Metal Values in a Nuclear Chimney;121
8.5.7;Conclusions;126
8.6;CHAPTER 6. ECONOMICS AND SAFETY OF NUCLEAR CHEMICAL COPPER MINING;129
8.6.1;Introduction;129
8.6.2;The Mining Process;129
8.6.3;Economics;138
8.6.4;Hazards Evaluation;139
8.6.5;Environmental Considerations;142
8.6.6;Benefit-Risk Analysis;142
8.6.7;Conclusions;143
8.6.8;Acknowledgements;144
8.6.9;References;145
8.7;CHAPTER 7. ADVANCES IN MINERAL PROCESSING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LOW-GRADE OR SUBMARGINAL ORE DEPOSITS;147
8.7.1;Summary;147
8.7.2;Pre-concentration;148
8.7.3;Direct Treatment of Low-Grade Ores;153
8.7.4;Waste and Dump Materials;157
8.7.5;References;159
8.8;CHAPTER 8. SOME SELECTED ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF LOW–GRADE AND SUBMARGINAL MINERAL DEPOSITS;162
8.8.1;Introduction;162
8.8.2;Zinc;163
8.8.3;Tungsten;164
8.8.4;Nickel;164
8.8.5;Alumina;167
8.8.6;Uranium;167
8.8.7;Zinc–Lead Mixed Ore;170
8.8.8;Development of the Study Team;172
8.8.9;Laboratory Studies at CSIRO;173
8.8.10;Technical Scale Studies at CSIRO;174
8.8.11;Zinc Leach Liquors;175
8.8.12;Lead Recovery;175
8.8.13;A Total Process System;175
8.8.14;General Discussion;179
8.8.15;Preparing for the Future;182
8.8.16;Acknowledgements;182
8.8.17;References;183
8.9;CHAPTER 9. HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF LOW–GRADE OR SUBMARGINAL MATERIALS;185
8.9.1;Introduction;185
8.9.2;Oxidation;186
8.9.3;Metal Recovery and Regeneration of Reactants;190
8.9.4;Chalcopyrite and Other Copper Minerals;190
8.9.5;Sphalerite;191
8.9.6;PentIandite;196
8.9.7;Other Materials;196
8.9.8;Conclusions and Summary;196
8.10;CHAPTER 10. PROGRESS IN HYDROMETALLURGY OF LOW–GRADE COPPER ORES;198
8.10.1;Introduction;198
8.10.2;Hydrometallurgical Processes;199
8.10.3;Copper Hydrometallurgy;199
8.10.4;Recovery of Copper from Solutions;202
8.10.5;New Hydrometallurgical Processes for Copper and By-Products;209
8.10.6;Low-Grade Ore Exploitation and Hydrometallurgy in Chile;210
8.10.7;Conclusions;211
8.10.8;References;213
8.11;CHAPTER 11. RECENT AND FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN PROCESS METALLURGY;216
8.11.1;Introduction;216
8.11.2;Pyro-metallurgical Pre-processing of Low-grade Ores;217
8.11.3;Recent Trends in the Process Metallurgy;217
8.11.4;Future Trends in the Production Technology;218
8.11.5;Research and Development Work in India;219
8.11.6;Education, Research and Development;221
8.11.7;References;222
8.12;CHAPTER 12. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF MINING AND PROCESSING LOW–GRADE AND SUBMARGINAL MINERAL DEPOSITS;227
8.12.1;Introduction;227
8.12.2;Environmental Aspects of Developing Submarginal Ores;228
8.12.3;Mineral Processing Environmental Quality;235
8.12.4;Guidelines for Development;243
8.12.5;Summary;248
9;SUMMARIES OF DISCUSSIONS;250
9.1;Low–Grade Ore Potential;250
9.2;Developments in Mining;252
9.2.1;In Situ Mining;252
9.2.2;Biological Leaching;253
9.2.3;Nuclear Solution Mining;255
9.3;Advances in Mineral Processing;257
9.4;Advances in Hydrometallurgy;258
9.5;Advances in Pyrometallurgy;260
9.6;Environmental Aspects;262