Superior-Order Curvature-Correction Techniques for Voltage References

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4419-0416-4
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 182 Seiten

Voltage references represent important VLSI structures, having multiple appli- tions in analog and mixed-signal circuits: measurement equipment, voltage re- lators, temperature sensors, data acquisition systems, memories, or AD and DA converters. Operating as a subcircuit in a complex system, an important requi- ment for this class of circuits is represented by the possibility of implementation in the existing technology, using the available active and passive devices. The most important performances of a voltage reference circuit are represented by temperature behavior, power supply rejection ratio, transient response and, for the latest designs, by low-power low-voltage operation. Depending on the load - quirements, the output of the circuit can be regulated or unregulated. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the reference voltage with respect to the supply voltage variations, modi?ed cascode structures can be implemented, a trade-off between line regulation and low-voltage operation being necessary in this case. A large bandwidth of the voltage reference improves the transient behavior of the circuit, implying also a good noise rejection. Referringtothe possibilities ofimplementinga voltagereferencecircuit,two d- ferent approaches could be identi?ed: voltage-mode and current-mode topologies, being also possible to design a mixed-mode voltage reference.

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;10
3;Chapter 1 Current References;14
3.1;1.1 PTAT Current References;15
3.2;1.2 CTAT Current References;21
3.3;1.3 First-Order Curvature-Corrected Current References;30
3.4;1.4 PTAT2 Current References;33
3.5;1.5 PTATn Current References Using Computational Circuits;46
3.6;References;48
4;Chapter 2 Zero-Order Curvature-Corrected Voltage References;49
4.1;2.1 CTAT Voltage References;50
4.2;2.2 PTAT Voltage References;61
4.3;References;72
5;Chapter 3 First-Order Curvature-Corrected Voltage References;73
5.1;3.1 Fundamental Principles of First-Order Curvature-Correction Techniques;73
5.2;3.2 Compensation of the Base–Emitter Voltage Temperature Dependence Using a PTAT Voltage;74
5.3;3.3 Compensation of the Gate–Source Voltage Temperature Dependence Using a PTAT Voltage;100
5.4;3.4 Compensation of the Threshold Voltage Temperature Dependence Using a PTAT Voltage;105
5.5;3.5 Mutual Compensation of Carriers’ Mobility and Threshold Voltage Temperature Dependencies;112
5.6;3.6 Mutual Compensations of the Base–Emitter and Zener Voltage Temperature Dependencies;114
5.7;References;120
6;Chapter 4 Superior-Order Curvature-Corrected Voltage References;123
6.1;4.1 Correction of the Base–Emitter Voltage Nonlinear Temperature Characteristic Using a Proper Biasing of the Bipolar Transistor;124
6.2;4.2 Compensation of the Base–Emitter Voltage Nonlinear Temperature Characteristic Using a Correction Voltage or a Correction Current;136
6.3;4.3 Correction of the Gate–Source Voltage Nonlinear Temperature Characteristic Using a Proper Biasing of the MOS Transistor;151
6.4;4.4 Compensation of the Gate–Source Voltage Nonlinear Temperature Characteristic Using a Correction Voltage or a Correction Current;156
6.5;4.5 Programmable Voltage Reference Circuit;171
6.6;4.6 Floating-Gate Voltage References;175
6.7;4.7 Thermal Stabilization Circuit;177
6.8;References;179
7;Chapter 5 Error Sources in Typical Voltage References;180
7.1;5.1 Resistor Mismatch;181
7.2;5.2 Current Mirror Mismatch;182
7.3;5.3 Transistor Mismatch;183
7.4;5.4 Resistor Tolerance;183
7.5;5.5 Resistor Temperature Coefficient;184
7.6;5.6 Early Effect;185
7.7;5.7 Supply Voltage Variations;186
7.8;5.8 Package-Shift Effects;187
7.9;5.9 Layout Errors;187
7.10;5.10 Technological Restrictions;188
7.11;References;188
8;Index;189