Supportive Cancer Care with Chinese Medicine

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-3555-4
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 389 Seiten

Cancer is a chronic disease. There are increasing cancer survivors after curative cancer treatment and this makes supportive cancer care an important area that more attention is needed. Chinese medicine has a long history of practice; it has aroused much interest from both Oriental and Western countries. A number of laboratory evidences and clinical trials demonstrated the effectiveness and ef?cacies of Chinese medicine for supportive cancer care. This book attempts to take a comprehensive approach to overview the different areas of Chinese medicine for supportive cancer care. This book not only serves as an introduction to novices to the area and a useful reference for those already involved, but also serves as a stimulus to these and others to employ alternative approaches to current cancer care. Hong Kong William C. S. Cho December 2009 v Contents 1 Supportive Cancer Care Using Chinese Medicine . . . . . . . . . . 1 Raimond Wong and Stephen M. Sagar 2 Supportive Cancer Care with Acupuncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Jaung-Geng Lin and Yi-Hung Chen 3 Chinese Medicinal Herbs Use in Managing Cancer . . . . . . . . . 55 Peter Dorsher and Zengfu Peng 4 Supportive Cancer Care with Qigong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Myeong Soo Lee, Kevin W. Chen and Edzard Ernst 5 Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Reduction of Discomfort and Side-Effects of Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Kok-Yang Tan, Xiaoxiu Wu and Francis Seow-Choen 6 Increasing Therapeutic Gain and Controlling Radiation-Induced Injuries with Asian Botanicals and Acupuncture 109 Stephen M. Sagar and Raimond K. Wong 7 Controlling Chemotherapy-Related Side Effects with Chinese Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;Contributors;8
4;1 Supportive Cancer Care Using Chinese Medicine;10
4.1;1.1 Introduction;10
4.2;1.2 Cancer: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Conventional Perspective;11
4.3;1.3 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Surgery;12
4.3.1;1.3.1 Herbal;13
4.3.1.1;1.3.1.1 Preoperative Nutritional and General Status Improvement;13
4.3.2;1.3.2 Acupuncture and Other Approaches;14
4.3.2.1;1.3.2.1 Reduction of Acute Postoperative Nausea and Pain;14
4.3.2.2;1.3.2.2 Reduction of Analgesia Requirement;15
4.3.2.3;1.3.2.3 Acute Postoperative Pain Control;15
4.3.2.4;1.3.2.4 Improvement of Postoperative Urinary Dysfunction;16
4.4;1.4 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Radiotherapy;16
4.4.1;1.4.1 Herbal;17
4.4.1.1;1.4.1.1 Enhancement of Radiotherapy Response;17
4.4.1.2;1.4.1.2 Improvement of Symptoms in Radiation Enteritis;19
4.4.1.3;1.4.1.3 Prevention and Treatment of Radiation Pneumonitis;19
4.4.1.4;1.4.1.4 Other Symptoms;20
4.4.2;1.4.2 Acupuncture and Other Related Techniques;20
4.4.2.1;1.4.2.1 Reduction of Symptoms in Radiation-induced Xerostomia;21
4.4.2.2;1.4.2.2 Reduction of Radiation Proctitis Symptoms;22
4.5;1.5 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chemotherapy and/or Biological Modifiers;22
4.5.1;1.5.1 Herbal;22
4.5.1.1;1.5.1.1 Synergistic Actions Against Cancer Cells;22
4.5.1.2;1.5.1.2 Reduction of Chemotherapy Side Effects;23
4.5.1.3;1.5.1.3 Prevention and Reduction of Myelosuppression;24
4.5.1.4;1.5.1.4 Nausea and Vomiting Control and Better Quality of Life;26
4.5.1.5;1.5.1.5 Vasomotor Symptoms Reduction;27
4.5.1.6;1.5.1.6 Potential for Chemotherapy Cognitive Dysfunction;28
4.5.2;1.5.2 Acupuncture and Related Techniques;29
4.5.2.1;1.5.2.1 Reduction of Vasomotor Symptoms;29
4.5.2.2;1.5.2.2 Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy;30
4.5.2.3;1.5.2.3 Reduction of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting;31
4.5.2.4;1.5.2.4 Chemotherapy-induced Cognitive Dysfunction;32
4.6;1.6 Miscellaneous Symptoms;32
4.6.1;1.6.1 Pain;32
4.6.2;1.6.2 Anxiety, Depression, Cognitive Impairment;33
4.6.3;1.6.3 Fatigue;33
4.6.4;1.6.4 Hiccups and Yawning;34
4.7;1.7 Qigong Exercise;34
4.8;1.8 Nutritional Therapy;35
4.9;1.9 Chinese Massage Therapy, Tuina;36
4.10;1.10 Conclusion;36
4.11;References;36
5;2 Supportive Cancer Care with Acupuncture;47
5.1;2.1 Introduction;47
5.2;2.2 Mechanism of Acupuncture;48
5.3;2.3 Evaluation of Acupunctures Curative Effect in the Treatment of Cancer Patients and the Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy;50
5.3.1;2.3.1 Cancer Pain;50
5.3.2;2.3.2 Nausea and Vomiting;51
5.3.3;2.3.3 Xerostomia;52
5.3.4;2.3.4 Nervousness and Insomnia;53
5.3.5;2.3.5 Others;53
5.4;2.4 Clinical Practice;54
5.4.1;2.4.1 Pain;54
5.4.2;2.4.2 Vomiting, Nausea;55
5.4.3;2.4.3 Xerostomia;56
5.4.4;2.4.4 Nervousness and Insomnia;56
5.4.5;2.4.5 Others;58
5.4.5.1;2.4.5.1 Side Effects of Acupuncture;58
5.4.5.2;2.4.5.2 Precautions When Conducting Acupuncture;59
5.4.6;References;60
6;3 Chinese Medicinal Herbs Use in Managing Cancer;63
6.1;3.1 Introduction;63
6.2;3.2 Principles of Herbal Treatments;64
6.3;3.3 Individual Herbs Commonly Used to Treat Cancer;66
6.4;3.4 Individual Herbs;71
6.5;3.5 Issues with Cancer Research Using Chinese Herbal Medicine;77
6.5.1;3.5.1 Purity;77
6.5.2;3.5.2 Herb-Drug Interactions;77
6.5.3;3.5.3 Herb Toxicity;78
6.5.4;3.5.4 Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews;78
6.6;3.6 Summary;80
6.7;References;81
7;4 Supportive Cancer Care with Qigong;84
7.1;4.1 Introduction;84
7.2;4.2 Methods;85
7.2.1;4.2.1 Data Sources;85
7.2.2;4.2.2 Study Selection;86
7.2.3;4.2.3 Data Extraction;86
7.2.4;4.2.4 Assessment of Risk of Bias;86
7.3;4.3 Results;86
7.3.1;4.3.1 Study Description;86
7.3.2;4.3.2 Risk of Bias;93
7.3.3;4.3.3 Detailed of Included Studies;93
7.3.3.1;4.3.3.1 Randomized Clinical Trials;93
7.3.3.2;4.3.3.2 Non-randomized Controlled Trial;95
7.3.4;4.3.4 Safety;96
7.4;4.4 Discussion;96
7.4.1;4.4.1 Limitation of This Review;98
7.4.2;4.4.2 Recommendations for Future Research;99
7.4.3;4.4.3 Perspectives;99
7.5;References;99
8;5 Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Reduction of Discomfort and Side-Effects of Surgery;102
8.1;5.1 Introduction;102
8.2;5.2 Pathogenesis of Cancer According to Traditional Chinese Medicine;103
8.3;5.3 Rationale of Using Herbal Therapy in Cancer Surgery Treatment;105
8.4;5.4 Role of Herbal Therapy At the Preoperative Phase of Treatment;105
8.4.1;5.4.1 Treatment of Complications Arising from the Primary Pathology;106
8.4.2;5.4.2 Improving the Overall Condition to Facilitate Surgery;106
8.4.3;5.4.3 Improving the Overall Mental State Prior to Surgery;107
8.5;5.5 Role of Herbal Therapy in the Postoperative Phase of Treatment;107
8.5.1;5.5.1 Reducing Postoperative Intestinal Ileus;108
8.5.2;5.5.2 Reducing Postoperative Adhesion Formation;108
8.5.3;5.5.3 Inflammatory Response and Immunity Associated with Surgery;108
8.5.4;5.5.4 Reducing Urinary Dysfunction;110
8.5.5;5.5.5 Reducing Chronic Pain After Surgery;110
8.6;5.6 Potential Toxicities;110
8.7;5.7 Discussion on Current Evidence of Traditional Chinese Medicine;111
8.8;5.8 Future Directions;113
8.9;References;113
9;6 Increasing Therapeutic Gain and Controlling Radiation-Induced Injuries with Asian Botanicals and Acupuncture;115
9.1;6.1 Introduction;115
9.2;6.2 Botanical Radiosensitizers and Radioprotectors that Modulate Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROIs) and Associated Genes;117
9.3;6.3 Antiangiogenic Botanicals;124
9.4;6.4 Immunogenic Botanicals;128
9.5;6.5 Future Clinical Research;131
9.6;6.6 Acupuncture as a Biological Response Modifier of Cell Proliferation;132
9.7;6.7 Conclusion;133
9.8;References;134
10;7 Controlling Chemotherapy-Related Side Effects withChinese Medicine;146
10.1;7.1 Introduction;146
10.1.1;7.1.1 Cancer;147
10.2;7.2 Cancer Chemotherapy;147
10.3;7.3 Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy;149
10.3.1;7.3.1 Types of Side Effects;149
10.3.1.1;7.3.1.1 Gastrointestinal Side Effects;149
10.3.1.2;7.3.1.2 Myelosuppression;149
10.3.1.3;7.3.1.3 Alopecia;150
10.3.1.4;7.3.1.4 Sexual Side Effects;150
10.3.1.5;7.3.1.5 Constitutional Side Effects;150
10.3.1.6;7.3.1.6 Delayed Organ Toxicities;150
10.3.2;7.3.2 Drug-Specific Side Effects;150
10.3.3;7.3.3 Current Approaches to the Management of the Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy;151
10.3.3.1;7.3.3.1 Gastrointestinal Side Effects;151
10.3.3.2;7.3.3.2 Myelosuppression;151
10.4;7.4 Historical Use of Chinese Medicine for Cancer Treatment;151
10.4.1;7.4.1 Chinese Angelica Root;153
10.4.2;7.4.2 Astragalus Root;153
10.4.3;7.4.3 Ginseng;154
10.4.4;7.4.4 Ganoderma;155
10.5;7.5 Recent Developments in the Clinical Use of Chinese Medicines for Cancer Treatment in the United States;156
10.5.1;7.5.1 PC-SPES;156
10.5.2;7.5.2 Selected Vegetables and Herb Mix;158
10.5.3;7.5.3 PHY906;160
10.5.4;7.5.4 Clinical Studies in the United States with Other Botanical Preparations;163
10.6;7.6 Procedures and Challenges for the Development and Acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Non-Asian Countries: Development of PHY906 in the United States as an Example;165
10.6.1;7.6.1 Procedures for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development;165
10.6.1.1;7.6.1.1 Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Developing Botanical Drugs;165
10.6.1.2;7.6.1.2 Historical Usage and Preclinical Information;166
10.6.1.3;7.6.1.3 Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control;166
10.6.1.4;7.6.1.4 Clinical Studies;167
10.6.2;7.6.2 Challenges to Traditional Chinese Medicine Development;167
10.6.2.1;7.6.2.1 Quality Control;167
10.6.2.2;7.6.2.2 Combination Drug Regulations;168
10.6.3;References;169
11;8 Cancer Pain Control with Traditional Chinese Medicine;173
11.1;8.1 Introduction;173
11.2;8.2 Traditional Chinese Medicine;174
11.2.1;8.2.1 Acupuncture;175
11.2.1.1;8.2.1.1 Overview;175
11.2.1.2;8.2.1.2 Scientific Basis for Analgesic Effect;175
11.2.1.3;8.2.1.3 Review of Clinical Studies;175
11.2.1.4;8.2.1.4 Adverse Effects;180
11.2.1.5;8.2.1.5 Conclusion;180
11.2.2;8.2.2 Chinese Herbal Medicine for Cancer Pain Control;180
11.2.2.1;8.2.2.1 Introduction;180
11.2.2.2;8.2.2.2 Scientific Mechanism for Pain Relief;180
11.2.2.3;8.2.2.3 Review of Clinical Studies;181
11.2.2.4;8.2.2.4 Adverse Effects;222
11.2.2.5;8.2.2.5 Conclusion;222
11.2.3;8.2.3 Qigong;222
11.2.3.1;8.2.3.1 Overview;222
11.2.3.2;8.2.3.2 Scientific Basis for Analgesic Effect;223
11.2.3.3;8.2.3.3 Review of Clinical Studies;223
11.2.3.4;8.2.3.4 Adverse Effects;223
11.2.3.5;8.2.3.5 Conclusion;224
11.2.4;8.2.4 Dietary Intervention;224
11.2.5;8.2.5 Massage;224
11.2.5.1;8.2.5.1 Overview;224
11.2.5.2;8.2.5.2 Scientific Basis for Analgesic Effect;224
11.2.5.3;8.2.5.3 Review of Clinical Studies;224
11.2.5.4;8.2.5.4 Adverse Effects;225
11.2.5.5;8.2.5.5 Conclusion;225
11.3;8.3 Summary;225
11.4;References;226
12;9 Novel Developments on Artemisinin and Its Derivatives for Cancer Therapy;230
12.1;9.1 Introduction;230
12.1.1;9.1.1 Traditional Chinese Medicine;231
12.1.2;9.1.2 Botany of Sweet Wormwood Herb;231
12.1.3;9.1.3 History of Artemisinin;231
12.1.4;9.1.4 Chemical Structure of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives;232
12.2;9.2 Molecular Mode of Action in Cancer Cells;232
12.2.1;9.2.1 Chemical Structure of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives;233
12.2.2;9.2.2 Angiogenesis Inhibition;235
12.2.3;9.2.3 Metastasis;236
12.2.4;9.2.4 Transferrin Receptor;237
12.2.5;9.2.5 Estrogen Receptor;238
12.2.6;9.2.6 Signal Transduction;239
12.2.7;9.2.7 Cell Cycle Effects;239
12.2.8;9.2.8 Apoptosis;240
12.3;9.3 Hepatic Metabolism of Artemisinin;240
12.4;9.4 Effects of Artemisinin and Artesunate In Vivo;241
12.5;9.5 Toxicity;241
12.6;9.6 Clinical Oncology Cases;244
12.7;9.7 Biotechnological Production;245
12.8;References;247
13;10 Modern Cancer Research on Chinese Medicine: Acupuncture;255
13.1;10.1 Introduction;255
13.2;10.2 Acupuncture Inhibition of Emesis;257
13.3;10.3 Acupuncture Alleviation of Cancer Pain;259
13.4;10.4 Acupuncture Amelioration of Xerostomia;263
13.5;10.5 Effects of Acupuncture on Fatigue and Hot Flashes;264
13.6;10.6 Effects of Acupuncture on Depression, Insomnia and Anxiety;266
13.7;10.7 Effects of Acupuncture on Other Cancer-Caused Symptoms;267
13.8;References;268
14;11 Clinical Trials of Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer;273
14.1;11.1 Introduction;273
14.2;11.2 Adjuvant Treatment with Chinese Medicine for Cancers;274
14.2.1;11.2.1 Lung Cancer;274
14.2.2;11.2.2 Colorectal and Gastric Cancers;275
14.2.3;11.2.3 Liver cancer;276
14.2.4;11.2.4 Breast Cancer;276
14.2.5;11.2.5 Other Cancers;277
14.3;11.3 Chinese Medicine for Controlling Adverse Effects of Cancer Therapies;277
14.4;11.4 Chinese Medicine for Improving QoL of Cancer Patients;279
14.5;11.5 Chinese Medicine for Enhancing Immune Function of Cancer Patients;280
14.6;11.6 Chinese Medicine for Relieving Cancer-Related Symptoms;281
14.7;11.7 Palliative Care for Patients with Advanced Cancers;282
14.8;11.8 Conclusions;289
14.9;References;290
15;12 Toxicology, Safety and Herbdrug Interactions in Cancer Therapy;294
15.1;12.1 Introduction;294
15.2;12.2 Reported Clinical HerbAnticancer Drug Interactions;295
15.2.1;12.2.1 Irinotecan + Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) ;296
15.2.2;12.2.2 Irinotecan + Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) ;298
15.2.3;12.2.3 Imatinib + St John's Wort;300
15.2.4;12.2.4 Erlotinib + Dietary/Herbal Supplements;302
15.2.5;12.2.5 Gefitinib + Dietary/Herbal Supplements;305
15.2.6;12.2.6 Docetaxel + Allium sativum (Garlic) ;308
15.2.7;12.2.7 Etoposide + Grapefruit Juice;310
15.3;12.3 Do Chinese Herbal Medicines Reduce Chemotherapy-Induced Organ Toxicities?;312
15.3.1;12.3.1 TJ-14;313
15.3.2;12.3.2 Chinese Herbal Medicines;313
15.4;12.4 Mechanistic Considerations;314
15.4.1;12.4.1 Modulation of Phase I and II Enzyme Expression and Activity;314
15.4.2;12.4.2 Modulation of Drug Transporter Expression and Activity;317
15.4.3;12.4.3 Role of Pregnane X receptor in Herb--Anticancer Drug Interactions;323
15.5;12.5 Clinical Considerations;324
15.6;12.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;325
15.7;References;326
16;13 Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine in Cancer Treatment;342
16.1;13.1 Introduction;342
16.2;13.2 Western Cancer Fighting Modalities;345
16.2.1;13.2.1 Surgery;346
16.2.2;13.2.2 Chemotherapy;346
16.2.3;13.2.3 Radiotherapy;346
16.3;13.3 Traditional Chinese Medicine Cancer Fighting Modalities;346
16.3.1;13.3.1 Acupuncture;347
16.3.2;13.3.2 Herbal Therapy;347
16.3.3;13.3.3 Qigong;347
16.4;13.4 Using Traditional Chinese Medicine to Treat Side Effects of Western Treatments;348
16.4.1;13.4.1 Surgery;348
16.4.2;13.4.2 Chemotherapy;349
16.4.3;13.4.3 Radiation;350
16.5;13.5 Improving Prognosis;350
16.5.1;13.5.1 Increase Potency of Chemotherapy;350
16.5.2;13.5.2 Enhance Immune Function;350
16.5.3;13.5.3 Attack Cancer Directly;352
16.6;13.6 Improve Quality of Life;352
16.7;13.7 Cancer Prevention;353
16.8;13.8 Risks of Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine;353
16.9;13.9 Integration Is the Way of the Future;357
16.10;References;360
17;14 Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer Disease: A Review of the Evidence;363
17.1;14.1 Introduction;363
17.2;14.2 Chinese Medicine Used for Prevention of Cancer;364
17.3;14.3 Information Resources of the Evidence Summary;365
17.4;14.4 Selection Criteria;365
17.5;14.5 Summary of Evidence;365
17.5.1;14.5.1 Primary Prophylaxis;365
17.5.2;14.5.2 Secondary Prophylaxis;366
17.5.3;14.5.3 Tertiary Prophylaxis;369
17.6;14.6 Conclusion;375
17.7;References;376
18;Index;380