Sutherland / Mackintosh Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5824-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 574 Seiten, Web PDF

Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning provides a review of the field of animal discrimination learning, with discussions into other areas such as generalization, partial reinforcement, and some aspects of comparative psychology. This book elaborates the origins of continuity-noncontinuity controversy, analysis of attentional learning, Lashley and Wade's account of generalization, and evidence for a two-process analysis of the ORE. The reversal and nonreversal shifts, response unit hypothesis, inconsistent reinforcement and extinction of choice behavior, and aims and problems of comparative psychology are likewise described This text likewise covers the Zeaman and House model, Lovejoy's Model III, determinants of generalization gradients, cognitive dissonance hypothesis, and theoretical relevance of comparative psychology. This publication is a good source for biologists and researchers concerned with animal discrimination learning.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sutherland, N. S.

Mackintosh, N. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;6
5;PREFACE;10
6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;12
7;Chapter 1. The History of Selective Attention;16
7.1;I. Introduction;16
7.2;II. The Behaviorists;17
7.3;III. The Gestaltists;21
7.4;IV. Pavlov;21
7.5;V. Structuralists and Functionalists;23
7.6;VI. Noncontinuity Theorists;25
7.7;VII. Information Theory;27
7.8;VIII. Human Skilled Performance;29
7.9;IX. Some Neurophysiological Evidence;30
7.10;X. Scope of Book;36
8;Chapter 2. Statement of the Model;39
8.1;I. Some Phenomena;39
8.2;II. Some Definitions;46
8.3;III. Some Theory;48
8.4;IV. Application of Theory to Phenomena;60
8.5;V. Conclusion;63
9;Chapter 3. Analyzers and Responses;64
9.1;I. Are Analyzers Innate;64
9.2;II. Perceptual Differentiation;67
9.3;III. Absolute Judgments;71
9.4;IV. Stimulus Control of Analyzers;74
9.5;V. Analyzer Strength and Response Attachments;77
9.6;VI. Analyzer Outputs and Response Attachments;84
9.7;VII. What Is Learned;93
9.8;VIII. Conclusions;98
10;Chapter 4. Continuity and Noncontinuity;102
10.1;I. Origins of Continuity-Noncontinuity Controversy;102
10.2;II. Hypotheses and Position Habits;103
10.3;III. Presolution-Period Reversal;117
10.4;IV. Incidental Learning and Blocking;121
10.5;V. Variables Affecting Incidental Learning;137
10.6;VI. Summary;147
11;Chapter 5. Learning and Performance with More Than One Relevant Cue;148
11.1;I. Acquisition with Multiple Cues;148
11.2;II. What Is Learned with Multiple Cues;159
11.3;III. Conclusions;184
12;Chapter 6. Learning to Switch-In Analyzers;185
12.1;I. The Analysis of Attentional Learning;185
12.2;II. The Acquired Distinctiveness of Cues;187
12.3;III. Acquired Nondistinctiveness of Cues;209
12.4;IV. Nature of Transfer Effects;217
12.5;V. Summary;220
13;Chapter 7. Generalization;222
13.1;I. Lashley and Wade's Account of Generalization;223
13.2;II. Effects of Differential Training on the Slope of Generalization Gradients;225
13.3;III. Criticism of Lashley and Wade's Position;240
13.4;IV. The Determinants of Generalization Gradients;243
13.5;V. Further Determinants of the Slopes of Generalization Gradients;258
13.6;VI. Summary;265
14;Chapter 8. Reversal Learning;267
14.1;I. Introduction;267
14.2;II. Theoretical Analysis of Reversal Learning;268
14.3;III. Evidence for a Two-Process Analysis of the ORE;272
14.4;IV. The Elusive Nature of the ORE;286
14.5;V. Alternative Explanations of the ORE;302
14.6;VI. Summary;311
15;Chapter 9. Reversal and Nonreversal Shifts, Serial Reversal Learning;312
15.1;I. Alternative Analyses of the ORE;312
15.2;II. Reversal and Nonreversal Shifts;319
15.3;III. Serial Reversal Learning;333
15.4;IV. Summary;351
16;Chapter 10. Partial Reinforcement and Extinction;353
16.1;I. Introduction;353
16.2;II. The Two-Process Model;355
16.3;III. The Response Unit Hypothesis;368
16.4;IV. The Discrimination Hypothesis and Generalization Decrement;369
16.5;V. The Frustration Hypothesis;381
16.6;VI. The Cognitive Dissonance Hypothesis;402
16.7;VII. Conclusions;414
17;Chapter 11. Partial Reinforcement and Choice Behavior;419
17.1;I. Introduction;419
17.2;II. Probability Learning;420
17.3;III. Inconsistent Reinforcement and Extinction of Choice Behavior;431
17.4;IV. Inconsistent Reinforcement and Reversal Learning;436
17.5;V. Summary;442
18;Chapter 12. Some Comparative Psychology;444
18.1;I. Aims and Problems of Comparative Psychology;444
18.2;II. Overtraining and Reversal Learning;447
18.3;III. Serial Reversal Learning;457
18.4;IV. Probability Learning;466
18.5;V. The Theoretical Relevance of Comparative Psychology;471
18.6;VI. Summary;477
19;Chapter 13. Formal Models;479
19.1;I. Phenomena;479
19.2;II. The Zeaman and House Model;485
19.3;III. Lovejoy's Model III;489
19.4;IV. A Further Model;502
19.5;V. Other Theoretical Analyses;510
19.6;VI. Summing Up;517
20;References;518
21;AUTHOR INDEX;556
22;SUBJECT INDEX;566