Taplin Analysis and Mechanics

Fourth International Conference on Fracture June 1977 University of Waterloo, Canada
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7961-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 562 Seiten, Web PDF

Analysis and Mechanics contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fracture held at the University of Waterloo in Canada in June 1977. The conference provided a forum for discussing fracture mechanics and analysis involving a wide variety of materials, particularly large structures. Topics covered range from crack growth to dynamic processes and stress intensity factors, along with fracture in nonlinear systems. Comprised of 64 chapters, this volume begins by describing a numerical approach for modeling stable crack growth and fracture criteria. The reader is then introduced to the continuum theory of dislocations and its application to fracture mechanics; initiation of crack propagation in ductile structures; and finite element analysis of an impact test. Subsequent chapters focus on stress and crack-displacement intensity factors in elastodynamics; plastic fracture analysis of a cracked cylinder under displacement controlled loading; energy considerations in dynamic crack propagation and arrest; and the use of the J integral to measure the resistance of mild steel to slow stable crack growth. This book will be of interest to mechanical and structural engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Taplin, D. M. R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Analysis and Mechanics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;Foreword;14
7;Foreword;15
8;Preface;16
8.1;Preface to the Conference Edition;16
8.2;Preface to the General Edition;17
9;Acknowledgements;20
10;International Congress on Fracture;21
11;Fourth International Conference on Fracture;25
12;Standard Nomenclature List;27
13;Conversion Units;31
14;Part V: Analysis and Mechanics;32
14.1;Session 1:
Crack Growth;34
14.1.1;CHAPTER 1. A NUMERICAL APPROACH FOR STABLE CRACK-GROWTH AND FRACTURE CRITERIA;34
14.1.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;34
14.1.1.2;II. FRACTURE CRITERION FOR AN ELASTIC BODY;34
14.1.1.3;III. ELASTIC-PLASTIC BODY. STABLE CRACK-GROWTH;35
14.1.1.4;IV. FRACTURE CRITERIA;36
14.1.1.5;V. FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS;36
14.1.1.6;REFERENCES;37
14.1.2;CHAPTER 2. ON THE APPLICATION OF CTD TO THE FRACTURE MECHANICS;40
14.1.2.1;INTRODUCTION;40
14.1.2.2;THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND NUMERICAL PROCEDURES;40
14.1.2.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;42
14.1.2.4;CONCLUSIONS;43
14.1.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;43
14.1.2.6;REFERENCES;43
14.1.3;CHAPTER 3. DETERMINATION OF CRACK GROWTH IN A MIXED MODE LOADING SYSTEM;48
14.1.3.1;INTRODUCTION;48
14.1.3.2;THEORY;48
14.1.3.3;THE DIRECTION OF CRACK INITIATION AND PROPAGATION;49
14.1.3.4;UNIAXIAL TENSION;50
14.1.3.5;UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION;50
14.1.3.6;PURE SHEAR;50
14.1.3.7;BIAXIAL LOADING SYSTEM;51
14.1.3.8;DISCUSSION;51
14.1.3.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;51
14.1.3.10;REFERENCES;51
14.1.4;CHAPTER 4. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF QUASI STATIC CRACK GROWTH IN SHEET MATERIALS;58
14.1.4.1;INTRODUCTION;58
14.1.4.2;SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY;58
14.1.4.3;DISCRETIZATION OF CRACK GROWTH;59
14.1.4.4;ANALYSES AND RESULTS;60
14.1.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;62
14.1.5;CHAPTER 5. SELF-SIMILAR PRESSURE PROFILES IN THE SYMMETRICALLY EXTENDING PLANE CRACK;66
14.1.5.1;INTRODUCTION;66
14.1.5.2;PROBLEM FORMULATION AND SOLUTION;66
14.1.5.3;ENERGY RELEASE RATES CAUSED BY SELF-SIMILAR PRESSURE PROFILES;68
14.1.5.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;70
14.1.5.5;REFERENCES;70
14.1.6;CHAPTER 6. A CRACK GROWTH GAGE FOR ASSESSING FLAW GROWTH POTENTIAL IN STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS;72
14.1.6.1;INTRODUCTION;72
14.1.6.2;ANALYSIS;72
14.1.6.3;EXAMPLE RESULTS;75
14.1.6.4;CONCLUDING DISCUSSION;75
14.1.6.5;REFERENCES;76
14.1.7;CHAPTER 7. CRACK PROPAGATION INITIATION IN DUCTILE STRUCTURES;80
14.1.7.1;INTRODUCTION;80
14.1.7.2;CENTRE CRACKED PLATES;80
14.1.7.3;SPHERES;81
14.1.7.4;CONCLUSIONS;83
14.1.7.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;83
14.1.7.6;REFERENCES;83
14.1.8;CHAPTER 8. INITIAL STAGES OF CRACK EXTENSION IN TIME-DEPENDENT AND/OR DUCTILE SOLIDS;92
14.1.8.1;REFERENCES;95
14.1.9;CHAPTER 9. ON CONSTITUTIVE PROPERTIES AT SINGULAR CRACK BORDERS;96
14.1.9.1;INTRODUCTION;96
14.1.9.2;SURFACE ENERGY;96
14.1.9.3;ELASTIC-PLASTIC MATERIALS;98
14.1.9.4;CONCLUSIONS;99
14.1.9.5;REFERENCES;99
14.1.10;CHAPTER 10. THE CONCEPT OF MATERIAL DIVAGATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO FRACTURE;100
14.1.10.1;INTRODUCTION;100
14.1.10.2;THE CONCEPT;100
14.1.10.3;REPRESENTATIONS;102
14.1.10.4;RESULTS;102
14.1.10.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;103
14.1.10.6;REFERENCES;103
14.2;Session 2: Dynamic Processes and Stress Intensity Factors;104
14.2.1;CHAPTER 11. SUDDEN TWISTING OF A PENNY-SHAPED CRACK IN A FINITE ELASTIC CYLINDER;104
14.2.1.1;INTRODUCTION;104
14.2.1.2;PROBLEM FORMULATION;104
14.2.1.3;NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;107
14.2.1.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;108
14.2.1.5;REFERENCES;108
14.2.2;CHAPTER 12.
DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT AND DYNAMIC PHOTOELASTIC ANALYSES OF AN IMPACTED PRETENSIONED PLATE;112
14.2.2.1;INTRODUCTION;112
14.2.2.2;DYNAMIC PHOTOELASTIC ANALYSIS;112
14.2.2.3;DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS;113
14.2.2.4;PRETENSIONED SINGLE-EDGED NOTCH PLATE IMPACTED BY FLAT NOSE PROJECTILE;113
14.2.2.5;PRETENSIONED SINGLE-EDGED NOTCH PLATE IMPACTED BY A 65° WEDGE;114
14.2.2.6;DISCUSSION;114
14.2.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;114
14.2.2.8;REFERENCES;114
14.2.3;CHAPTER 13. A FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN IMPACT TEST;118
14.2.3.1;INTRODUCTION;118
14.2.3.2;MADISON-IRWIN PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING Kc;118
14.2.3.3;FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A MADISON-IRWIN TEST;119
14.2.3.4;CONCLUSIONS;120
14.2.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;121
14.2.3.6;REFERENCES;121
14.2.4;CHAPTER 14. STRESS AND CRACK-DISPLACEMENT INTENSITY FACTORS IN ELASTODYNAMICS;124
14.2.4.1;THE STEADY-STATE PROBLEM;124
14.2.4.2;A TRANSIENT PROBLEM;125
14.2.4.3;SOME REMARKS ON FRACTURE CRITERIONS IN SYMMETRIC LOADING;126
14.2.4.4;THE J-INTEGRAL FOR MOVING CRACK;127
14.2.4.5;REFERENCES;128
14.2.5;CHAPTER 15. ELASTODYNAMIC EFFECTS ON CRACK BRANCHING;130
14.2.5.1;INTRODUCTION;130
14.2.5.2;APPROACH;131
14.2.5.3;THE IN-PLANE PROBLEM;134
14.2.5.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;134
14.2.5.5;REFERENCES;134
14.2.6;CHAPTER 16. CRACK-TIP STRESS ANALYSIS FROM FIELD VALUES
OF THE DISPLACEMENTS USING COMPLEMENTARY ENERGY;136
14.2.6.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;140
14.2.6.2;REFERENCES;140
14.2.7;CHAPTER 17. ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF ECCENTRIC CRACKS BY VARIATIONAL METHOD;144
14.2.7.1;INTRODUCTION;144
14.2.7.2;FORMULATION OF VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE;145
14.2.7.3;PROCEDURES OF ANALYSIS;146
14.2.7.4;CONCLUDING REMARKS;149
14.2.7.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;149
14.2.7.6;REFERENCES;149
14.2.8;CHAPTER 18. A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING DUGDALE MODEL SOLUTIONS OF CRACKED BODIES;154
14.2.8.1;INTRODUCTION;154
14.2.8.2;NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF DUGDALE MODEL SOLUTION;155
14.2.8.3;DUGDALE MODEL SOLUTIONS FROM SIMULATION ELLIPSE PARAMETERS;156
14.2.8.4;DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS;158
14.2.8.5;REFERENCES;159
14.2.9;CHAPTER 19. ANALYSIS FOR THE PROBLEM OF MISFITTING INCLUCION AND CIRCULAR ARC CRACKS IN A SHEET;164
14.2.9.1;INTRODUCTION;164
14.2.9.2;BASIC EQUATIONS AND STATEMENT OF PROBLEM;164
14.2.9.3;COMPLEX POTENTIALS FOR THE PLATE AND FOR THE INCLUSION;165
14.2.9.4;STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS;169
14.2.9.5;REFERENCES;170
14.2.10;CHAPTER 20. GREEN'S FUNCTION FOR THRU-CRACK EMANATING FROM FASTENER HOLES;172
14.2.10.1;INTRODUCTION;172
14.2.10.2;DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN'S FUNCTION;173
14.2.10.3;EXAMPLE PROBLEMS;175
14.2.10.4;CONCLUSIONS;176
14.2.10.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;177
14.2.10.6;REFERENCES;177
14.3;Session 3: Fracture Analysis;182
14.3.1;CHAPTER 21. ELASTIC PLASTIC FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF A CRACKED THICK WALLED CYLINDER
UNDER DISPLACEMENT CONTROLLED LOADING;182
14.3.1.1;INTRODUCTION;182
14.3.1.2;THE COMPUTATION MODEL;183
14.3.1.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;183
14.3.1.4;CONCLUSIONS;184
14.3.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;184
14.3.1.6;REFERENCES;185
14.3.2;CHAPTER 22. THE EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE AGAINST DUCTILE CRACK EXTENSION;188
14.3.2.1;INTRODUCTION;188
14.3.2.2;THEORETICAL;189
14.3.2.3;EXPERIMENTAL;191
14.3.2.4;RESULTS;191
14.3.2.5;DISCUSSION;192
14.3.2.6;CONCLUSION;193
14.3.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;193
14.3.2.8;REFERENCES;193
14.3.3;CHAPTER 23. A DESCRIPTION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE ON CRACKLENGTH;202
14.3.3.1;INTRODUCTION;202
14.3.3.2;CRITICAL ENERGY EVALUATION NEAR CRACKTIP AT INSTABILITY;202
14.3.3.3;THE EVALUATION OF R FROM Wc IN THE ELASTIC CASE;204
14.3.3.4;REFERENCES;207
14.3.4;CHAPTER 24. THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR X-FORMED ARRAYS OF CRACKS;210
14.3.4.1;INTRODUCTION;210
14.3.4.2;FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM;210
14.3.4.3;NUMERICAL RESULTS;214
14.3.4.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;214
14.3.4.5;APPENDIX;215
14.3.4.6;REFERENCES;215
14.3.5;CHAPTER 25. THE MODIFIED WESTERGAARD EQUATIONS;218
14.3.5.1;INTRODUCTION;218
14.3.5.2;WESTERGAARD'S FUNCTION;218
14.3.5.3;THE MODIFICATION;219
14.3.5.4;APPLICATIONS;220
14.3.5.5;CONCLUSION;222
14.3.5.6;REFERENCES;222
14.3.6;CHAPTER 26. AN EQUIVALENT INCLUSION METHOD FOR A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LENS-SHAPED CRACK IN ANISOTROPIC MEDIA;224
14.3.6.1;INTRODUCTION;224
14.3.6.2;CRACK OPENING DISPLACEMENT;224
14.3.6.3;CRACK EXTENSION FORCES;225
14.3.6.4;STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS;226
14.3.6.5;STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS;226
14.3.6.6;CONCLUSION;227
14.3.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;227
14.3.6.8;APPENDIX;227
14.3.6.9;REFERENCES;228
14.3.7;CHAPTER 27. STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS AT THE TIPS OF KINKED AND FORKED CRACKS;230
14.3.7.1;INTRODUCTION;230
14.3.7.2;THE KINKED CRACK;230
14.3.7.3;THE FORKED CRACK;231
14.3.7.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;231
14.3.7.5;REFERENCES;231
14.3.8;CHAPTER 28. ANALYSIS OF BRANCHED CRACKS UNDER BIAXIAL STRESSES;234
14.3.8.1;INTRODUCTION;234
14.3.8.2;ANALYSIS;234
14.3.8.3;NUMERICAL RESULTS;237
14.3.8.4;SUMMARY;238
14.3.8.5;REFERENCES;238
14.3.9;CHAPTER 29. A SIMPLE ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR THE THICKNESS DEPENDENT TRANSITION FROM PLANE STRESS TO PLANE STRAIN IN BODIES WITH A CRACK;246
14.3.9.1;INTRODUCTION;246
14.3.9.2;DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELASTIC MODEL;246
14.3.9.3;APPLICATION OF THE ELASTIC MODEL;249
14.3.9.4;TREATMENT OF PROBLEMS WITH PLASTIC ZONES;249
14.3.9.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;250
14.3.9.6;REFERENCES;250
14.3.10;CHAPTER 30. ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS IN DYNAMIC CRACK PROPAGATION AND ARREST;256
14.3.10.1;INTRODUCTION;256
14.3.10.2;BRITTLE CRACK PROPAGATION ARREST TEST USING VERY WIDE PLATE SPECIMENS;256
14.3.10.3;DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD;257
14.3.10.4;NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT;258
14.3.10.5;DISCUSSION ON EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;258
14.3.10.6;CONCLUSIONS;259
14.3.10.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;259
14.3.10.8;REFERENCES;259
14.3.11;CHAPTER 31. THE FRACTURE MECHANISM OF MATERIALS HAVING A HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURE;266
14.3.11.1;INTRODUCTION;266
14.3.11.2;DISCUSSION OF MODEL;267
14.3.11.3;RESULTS OF CALCULATION AND DISCUSSION;269
14.3.11.4;REFERENCES;270
14.4;Session 4:
J Integral and COD;274
14.4.1;CHAPTER 32. THE EFFECT OF LOAD BIAXIALITY ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS PARAMETERS J AND G;274
14.4.1.1;INTRODUCTION;274
14.4.1.2;EFFECT OF BIAXIALITY OF LOADING ON G;275
14.4.1.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;276
14.4.1.4;REFERENCES;276
14.4.2;CHAPTER 33. USE OF THE CALCULATION OF INTEGRAL J1;280
14.4.2.1;INTRODUCTION;280
14.4.2.2;DETERMINATION OF KI IN LEFM;280
14.4.2.3;VALIDITY CONDITIONS OF THE CRITERION JC;281
14.4.2.4;NUMERICAL STUDIES OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF J;283
14.4.2.5;REFERENCES;284
14.4.3;CHAPTER 34. A PATH INDEPENDENT INTEGRAL FOR SYMMETRIC STRESS-DIFFUSION FIELDS SURROUNDING LINE CRACKS;290
14.4.3.1;INTRODUCTION;290
14.4.3.2;DIFFUSION MODELLING;291
14.4.3.3;STATIC EQUILIBRIUM OF THE SOLID;292
14.4.3.4;A CONSERVATION LAW;293
14.4.3.5;A PATH INDEPENDENT INTEGRAL;297
14.4.3.6;REFERENCES;298
14.4.4;CHAPTER 35. SPECIMEN SIZE EFFECT ON J-INTEGRAL FRACTURE TOUGHNESS;300
14.4.4.1;INTRODUCTION;300
14.4.4.2;TEST;300
14.4.4.3;CONCLUSION;301
14.4.4.4;REFERENCES;302
14.4.5;CHAPTER 36. THE J-INTEGRAL EVALUATION FOR CT SPECIMEN;306
14.4.5.1;INTRODUCTION;306
14.4.5.2;RICE'S EQUATION AND MERKLE'S EQUATION [2];306
14.4.5.3;J-INTEGRAL EVALUATION BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD;307
14.4.5.4;CONCLUSIONS;307
14.4.5.5;REFERENCES;308
14.4.6;CHAPTER 37. THE USE OF THE J INTEGRAL TO MEASURE THE RESISTANCE OF MILD STEEL TO SLOW STABLE CRACK GROWTH;312
14.4.6.1;INTRODUCTION;312
14.4.6.2;THEORY;312
14.4.6.3;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;313
14.4.6.4;RESULTS;314
14.4.6.5;CONCLUSIONS;314
14.4.6.6;REFERENCES;315
14.4.7;CHAPTER 38. THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRY ON CRACK FORMATION;318
14.4.7.1;INTRODUCTION;318
14.4.7.2;FATIGUE LIFE OF PLAIN SPECIMENS;318
14.4.7.3;STRAIN DISTRIBUTION IN A COMPONENT;319
14.4.7.4;ESTIMATING CRACK FORMATION;320
14.4.7.5;CORRELATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA WITH MODEL;321
14.4.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;322
14.4.7.7;REFERENCES;322
14.4.8;CHAPTER 39. THE K-COD RELATIONSHIP FOR PIN LOADED SINGLE EDGE NOTCHED TENSION SPECIMENS;326
14.4.8.1;INTRODUCTION;326
14.4.8.2;THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF COD;327
14.4.8.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;328
14.4.8.4;AN ALTERNATIVE DEFINITION OF COD;329
14.4.8.5;SUMMARY;330
14.4.8.6;REFERENCES;330
14.4.9;CHAPTER 40.
THE RELATION BETWEEN CRACK OPENING DISPLACEMENT AND FLOW STRESS;336
14.4.9.1;INTRODUCTION;336
14.4.9.2;EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS;336
14.4.9.3;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;337
14.4.9.4;DISCUSSION;337
14.4.9.5;CONCLUSION;338
14.4.9.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;338
14.4.9.7;REFERENCES;339
14.4.10;CHAPTER 41. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND FEM STUDY ON CRACK OPENING DISPLACEMENT;344
14.4.10.1;INTRODUCTION;344
14.4.10.2;EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS;344
14.4.10.3;CALCULATION OF 6 WITH THE FEM;346
14.4.10.4;CRACK TIP OPENING DISPLACEMENT, dt , AND THE UNZIPPING MODEL;347
14.4.10.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;348
14.4.10.6;REFERENCES;348
14.4.11;CHAPTER 42. STUDIES OF CRACK TIPS IN STEEL AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS;354
14.4.11.1;INTRODUCTION;354
14.4.11.2;PROCEDURE;354
14.4.11.3;RESULTS;355
14.4.11.4;DISCUSSION;356
14.4.11.5;CONCLUSIONS;357
14.4.11.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;357
14.4.11.7;REFERENCES;357
14.4.12;CHAPTER 43. MEASUREMENT OF STRETCH ZONE WIDTH AND di IN A LOW ALLOY NAVAL STEEL;362
14.4.12.1;INTRODUCTION;362
14.4.12.2;EXPERIMENTAL;362
14.4.12.3;RESULTS;363
14.4.12.4;DISCUSSION;365
14.4.12.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;366
14.4.12.6;REFERENCES;366
14.4.13;CHAPTER 44. BLUNTING EFFECTS ON FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF LOW STRENGTH STEELS;376
14.4.13.1;INTRODUCTION;376
14.4.13.2;EXPERIMENTAL;377
14.4.13.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;377
14.4.13.4;CONCLUSIONS;380
14.4.13.5;REFERENCES;380
14.5;Session 5:
Non-Planar and 3 Dimensional;386
14.5.1;CHAPTER 45. VARIATIONAL BOUNDS AND QUALITATIVE METHODS IN FRACTURE MECHANICS;386
14.5.1.1;INTRODUCTION;386
14.5.1.2;DISCUSSION;386
14.5.1.3;REFERENCES;389
14.5.2;CHAPTER 46. AN APPROXIMATE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STATE OF STRESS IN THE VICINITY OF A CRACK;390
14.5.2.1;INTRODUCTION;390
14.5.2.2;MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS;390
14.5.2.3;CONCLUSION;392
14.5.2.4;REFERENCES;392
14.5.3;CHAPTER 47. ON THE THREE DIMENSIONAL THEORIES OF CRACKED PLATES;394
14.5.3.1;INTRODUCTION;394
14.5.3.2;THEORY PROPOSED BY HARTRANFT AND SIH;394
14.5.3.3;THEORY PROPOSED BY FOLIAS [5];395
14.5.3.4;NUMERICAL RESULTS [7];395
14.5.3.5;COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL RESULTS;397
14.5.3.6;CONCLUSION;397
14.5.3.7;REFERENCES;398
14.5.4;CHAPTER 48. GENERAL NUMERICAL METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL SINGULARITIES IN CRACKED OR NOTCHED ELASTIC SOLIDS;404
14.5.4.1;INTRODUCTION;404
14.5.4.2;VARIATIONAL EQUATION FOR THE EIGENSTATES;404
14.5.4.3;FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION IN (., .) PLANE;408
14.5.4.4;NUMERICAL RESULTS FOR CRACK EDGE TERMINATING PERPENDICULARLY AT SURFACE;411
14.5.4.5;CONCLUSION;413
14.5.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;413
14.5.4.7;APPENDIX - NOTE ON THE ANGLE OF PROPAGATING CRACK;414
14.5.4.8;REFERENCES;414
14.5.4.9;ADDENDUM;415
14.5.5;CHAPTER 49.
NONLINEAR LATTICE THEORY OF FRACTURE;420
14.5.5.1;INTRODUCTION;420
14.5.5.2;ONE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE MODEL;421
14.5.5.3;ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONTINUUM MODEL;423
14.5.5.4;DISCUSSION;423
14.5.5.5;CONCLUSIONS;425
14.5.5.6;REFERENCES;425
14.5.6;CHAPTER 50. ON ENERGY RELEASE RATES IN AXISYMMETRICAL PROBLEMS;428
14.5.6.1;INTRODUCTION;428
14.5.6.2;INTEGRAL EXPRESSIONS OF THE ENERGY RELEASE RATE;428
14.5.6.3;CONCLUSIONS;431
14.5.6.4;REFERENCES;432
14.5.7;CHAPTER 51. STATISTICAL CONSIDERATION ON INHOMOGENEITY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS;434
14.5.7.1;INTRODUCTION;434
14.5.7.2;AVERAGING OF MECHANICAL QUANTITIES;434
14.5.7.3;FIELDS OF MECHANICAL QUANTITIES;436
14.5.7.4;INFLUENCE OF INHOMOGENEITY ON YIELD CRITERION;438
14.5.7.5;CONCLUDING REMARKS;439
14.5.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;439
14.5.7.7;REFERENCES;440
14.5.8;CHAPTER 52. STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE GENERALIZED THREE DIMENSIONAL 'WORK OF FRACTURE' SPECIMEN;442
14.5.8.1;INTRODUCTION;442
14.5.8.2;PRIOR ANALYSIS;443
14.5.8.3;THE SHEAR TRANSFER FUNCTION, k;443
14.5.8.4;STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS;444
14.5.8.5;PARAMETRIC STUDIES;446
14.5.8.6;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;446
14.5.8.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;447
14.5.8.8;REFERENCES;447
14.6;Session 6:
Non-Linear;452
14.6.1;CHAPTER 53. ASSESSMENT OF FAILURES BEYOND THE LINEAR ELASTIC REGIME;452
14.6.1.1;INTRODUCTION;452
14.6.1.2;THE MODEL;452
14.6.1.3;VALIDATION;453
14.6.1.4;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;454
14.6.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;455
14.6.1.6;REFERENCES;455
14.6.2;CHAPTER 54. ELASTIC CONTACT PROBLEMS IN FRACTURE MECHANICS;460
14.6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;460
14.6.2.2;STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM;460
14.6.2.3;THE CONTACT PROBLEM;461
14.6.2.4;CRACK EXTENSION WORK IN CRACK CLOSURE PROBLEMS;463
14.6.2.5;APPLICATIONS;464
14.6.2.6;CONCLUDING REMARKS;466
14.6.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;466
14.6.2.8;REFERENCES;466
14.6.3;CHAPTER 55. UNSTABLE FRACTURE CRITERIA UNDER LARGE PLASTIC DEFORMATION;470
14.6.3.1;INTRODUCTION;470
14.6.3.2;UNSTABLE DUCTILE FRACTURE;470
14.6.3.3;THEORETICAL ANALYSIS;471
14.6.3.4;EVALUATION OF THE THEORY BY NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;472
14.6.3.5;EXPERIMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;473
14.6.3.6;DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATION;473
14.6.3.7;CONCLUSION;474
14.6.3.8;REFERENCES;474
14.6.4;CHAPTER 56. ON THE APPLICATION OF CONTINUUM THEORY OF DISLOCATIONS TO THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOURS OF MULTI-PHASE MATERIALS;478
14.6.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;478
14.6.4.2;2. NUMERICAL PROCEDURE;478
14.6.4.3;3. APPLICATION TO THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOURS OF F.C.C. METAL CRYSTALS;479
14.6.4.4;4. APPLICATION TO THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOURS OF SPHERICAL CAST IRON;480
14.6.4.5;4. DISCUSSION;481
14.6.4.6;5. SUMMARY;482
14.6.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;482
14.6.4.8;REFERENCES;482
14.6.5;CHAPTER 57. STRESS ANALYSIS OF CRACKS IN ELASTO-PLASTIC RANGE;490
14.6.5.1;INTRODUCTION;490
14.6.5.2;METHOD OF APPROACH;490
14.6.5.3;CRACK-TIP STRESS AND STRAIN VARIATIONS;491
14.6.5.4;COMPLIANCE DATA AND J-INTEGRAL RESULTS;491
14.6.5.5;CORRELATION OF J WITH COD;492
14.6.5.6;CLOSURE;492
14.6.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;492
14.6.5.8;REFERENCES;492
14.6.6;CHAPTER 58. FRACTURE MECHANICS OF VISCOELASTIC SYSTEMS;496
14.6.6.1;INTRODUCTION;496
14.6.6.2;FRACTURE CRITERIA;496
14.6.6.3;REFERENCES;499
14.6.7;CHAPTER 59. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRACK PROBLEMS IN HIGHLY ELASTIC MATERIALS;500
14.6.7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;500
14.6.7.2;2. BASIC EQUATIONS FOR COMBINED EXTENSION AND SHEAR DEFORMATIONS;501
14.6.7.3;3. THE PATH-INDEPENDENT J INTEGRAL;503
14.6.7.4;4. TWO CRACK PROBLEMS;503
14.6.7.5;REFERENCES;505
14.6.7.6;APPENDIX A;506
14.6.7.7;APPENDIX B;510
14.6.8;CHAPTER 60. A FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ANALYSIS OF AN ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLID CONTAINING HOLES IN THE VICINITY OF A CRACK TIP;518
14.6.8.1;INTRODUCTION;518
14.6.8.2;THE FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAMME;518
14.6.8.3;COMPUTATION OF THE J-INTEGRAL;519
14.6.8.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;519
14.6.8.5;REFERENCES;520
14.6.9;CHAPTER 61. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRACK PROPAGATION UNDER COMPRESSION;524
14.6.9.1;INTRODUCTION;524
14.6.9.2;THE 10 NODE 20 DEGREES OF FREEDOM TRIANGULAR FINITE ELEMENT;524
14.6.9.3;CONTACT PROBLEM OF CRACK SURFACES AT CLOSURE;525
14.6.9.4;FRACTURE CRITERIA;525
14.6.9.5;SIMULATION PROCEDURE;526
14.6.9.6;TEST SPECIMEN ANALYZED;526
14.6.9.7;SIMULATION RESULTS;527
14.6.9.8;DISCUSSION;528
14.6.9.9;CONCLUSIONS;529
14.6.9.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;529
14.6.9.11;REFERENCES;529
14.6.10;CHAPTER 62.
ON VIRTUAL CRACK EXTENSION METHODS FOR COMBINED TENSILE AND SHEAR LOADING;534
14.6.10.1;INTRODUCTION;534
14.6.10.2;VARIATION OF G WITH J1, J2 AND .;535
14.6.10.3;EXAMPLE OF A CIRCULAR CRACK IN A HALF-SPACE;537
14.6.10.4;CONCLUSIONS;537
14.6.10.5;REFERENCES;537
14.6.11;CHAPTER 63. A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A CIRCUMFERENTIALLY NOTCHED TENSILE SPECIMEN;540
14.6.11.1;INTRODUCTION;540
14.6.11.2;PROGRAMME;540
14.6.11.3;RESULTS;541
14.6.11.4;CONCLUSIONS;543
14.6.11.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;543
14.6.11.6;REFERENCES;543
14.6.12;CHAPTER 64. A TRANSIENT FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE CRACK PROPAGATION IN SOME 2-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIES;548
14.6.12.1;INTRODUCTION;548
14.6.12.2;DYNAMIC ANALYSIS;549
14.6.12.3;CRACK EXTENSION CRITERION;550
14.6.12.4;DCB ANALYSES;551
14.6.12.5;FINITE STRIP ANALYSES;551
14.6.12.6;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;552
14.6.12.7;REFERENCES;552
14.7;Author Index;556