Teisseyre / Czechowski / Leliwa-Kopystynski Dynamics of the Earth's Evolution

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9159-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 484 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Physics and Evolution of the Earths Interior

This sixth volume in the monograph series Physics and Evolution of the Earth's Interior presents the problems of the mature evolution of the Earth's interior. It provides comprehensive coverage of the present state of the mantle convection theory. The relations between paleomagnetism, plate tectonics and mantle convection theory are discussed. A more general view of the evolution based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes is also given. This book will interest geophysicists, geologists, geodesists and planetologists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Teisseyre, Roman

Czechowski, L.

Leliwa-Kopystynski, J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Dynamics of the Earth's Evolution;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface to the Series Physics and Evolution of the Earth's Interior;6
6;Chapter 1. Plate Tectonics;16
6.1;1.1 Introduction;16
6.2;1.2 Fundamentals of plate tectonics;21
6.3;1.3 Kinematics of lithospheric plates;26
6.4;1.4 Oceanic ridges and spreading centres;41
6.5;References;59
7;Chapter 2. Paleomagnetic Clues to Plate Tectonics;66
7.1;2.1 Introduction;66
7.2;2.2 Continental drift and curves of apparent wandering of the pole;69
7.3;2.3 Linear oceanic magnetic anomalies;101
7.4;2.4 Hypothesis of an expanding Earth;111
7.5;References;117
8;Chapter 3. Mapping Mantle Convection;121
8.1;3.1 Basic ideas;121
8.2;3.2 Anisotropy of the mantle and the effects connected with it;122
8.3;3.3 Problem of inversion for a three-dimensional structure;134
8.4;3.4 Geoid anomalies and convection;148
8.5;3.5 Results of seismic tomography;159
8.6;References;173
9;Chapter 4. Theoretical Approach to Mantle Convection;176
9.1;4.1 Equations of convection;176
9.2;4.2 Mathematical methods for mantle convection;200
9.3;4.3 Geometrical aspects;216
9.4;4.4 Effects of rheology and of other properties of the mantle's material;231
9.5;4.5 Time-dependent convection and instabilities in the mantle;252
9.6;References;279
10;Chapter 5. The Evolving Earth and its Lithospheric Stresses;287
10.1;5.1 Monitory mechanism of evolution;287
10.2;5.2 Stress field due to the convection flow and the scalar representation theorem on the sphere;292
10.3;5.3 Stresses in the lithosphere;296
10.4;5.4 Lithospheric stresses and geoid anomalies;310
10.5;5.5 Faults and stress distribution;314
10.6;5.6 Thermal convection and surface features;320
10.7;5.7 Geoid anomalies and low mantle convection;323
10.8;5.8 Evolution and deep mass asymmetry;328
10.9;5.9 Evolution of a local stress field: simulation of earthquakes and creep events;338
10.10;References;354
11;Chapter 6. Stresses in the Lithosphere Induced by the Earth's Rotation;363
11.1;6.1 Introduction;363
11.2;6.2 Gravito-elastic approach;366
11.3;6.3 Two-dimensional approach;375
11.4;6.4 Secular variation of the rotation vector. Planetological and geophysical applications;383
11.5;6.5 General conclusions;398
11.6;Appendix A;398
11.7;Appendix B;399
11.8;References;402
12;Chapter 7. Thermodynamic Approach to Evolution;405
12.1;7.1 Evolution of the Earth as a thermodynamic non-equilibrium process;405
12.2;7.2 Difficulties involved in the transition from equilibrium to non-equilibrium thermodynamics;405
12.3;7.3 Cosmological implications of thermodynamics;407
12.4;7.4 Macroscopic aspects of the second law of thermodynamics;409
12.5;7.5 Entropy production;412
12.6;7.6 Local formulation of the second law of thermodynamics;414
12.7;7.7 Linear relations between the flows and the forces;416
12.8;7.8 The Onsager reciprocity relations;416
12.9;7.9 Theorem of minimum entropy production;418
12.10;7.10 Change in the entropy of a system in the course of an irreversible process;419
12.11;7.11 Evolution of the Universe and the Earth;421
12.12;7.12 Thermodynamic stability;423
12.13;7.13 Synergetics;424
12.14;7.14 The Prigogine–Glansdorff evolution criterion;426
12.15;7.15 The driving force of evolution;427
12.16;7.16 "Brusselator" and "Oregonator";428
12.17;7.17 Self-organization concept applied: galaxies;437
12.18;7.18 Statistical aspects of the formation of dissipative structures;441
12.19;7.19 Selection of dissipative structures in a weak gravitational field;443
12.20;7.20 Melting and solidification processes at the inner-outer core boundary in the Earth's interior;448
12.21;7.21 Diffusion and solution/precipitation processes at the core-mantle boundary;456
12.22;References;457
13;Chapter 8. Paleomagnetic Clues to Certain Aspects of the Behaviour of the Earth's Magnetic Field;461
13.1;8.1 Parameters of the geomagnetic field recorded by rocks;462
13.2;8.2 The time constants and sources of information about variation of the geomagnetic field;464
13.3;8.3 Paleosecular variation;464
13.4;8.4 Reversals of geomagnetic field;468
13.5;8.5 Variations of intensity;474
13.6;References;476
14;Index;479