Thomas / Fuchs Biotechnology and Safety Assessment

3. Auflage 2002
ISBN: 978-0-08-052818-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 400 Seiten, Web PDF

A comprehensive treatise on new developments in biotechnology, the authors of Biotechnology and Safety Assessment, 3e, bring readers an up-to-date review of food safety issues, pre-clinical safety and development of new foods and drugs, plant biotechnology, food allergies and safety assessment, and consumer benefits with regard to genetically modified food. Tomorrow's foods will be obtained from genetically modified crops, offering consumers higher nutritional value and more of it. Our medications will be obtained through a variety of biotechnological procedures yielding more potent and specific medications for diseases and vaccines. In order to make this view of the future come to light, John A. Thomas and Roy L. Fuchs have updated their classic in order to keep readers one step ahead. Written by internationally recognized molecular biologists, plant agronomists, microbiologists, toxicologists, nutritionists, and regulatory authorities, this third edition is an excellent and authoritative resource, making it a valuable resource to any biomedical library or scientific bookshelf. - Provides timely coverage on topics of agribiotechnology and biotherapeutics - Describes the recent progress in genetically modified crops and their safety - Presents an update of the newer developments in therapeutic agents - Discusses role of genetically modified microorganisms in the development of new food products - Outlines various global regulatory issues relating to GM crops - Addresses environmental and ecological topics related to GM crops

Autoren/Hrsg.

Thomas, John A.

Fuchs, Roy L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Biotechnology and Safety Assessment;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;13
6;Preface;15
7;Chapter 1. Using Plant Biotechnology to Reduce Allergens in Food: Status and Future Potential;18
7.1;Introduction;19
7.2;Characteristics of Food Allergens;20
7.3;Traditional Plant Breeding Methods for Reducing Allergenicity;22
7.4;Use of Genetic Engineering to Reduce Allergenic Potential;23
7.5;Concluding Remarks;26
7.6;References;26
8;Chapter 2. Experience with Biosafety Research and Postmarket Environmental Monitoring in Risk Management of Crops Derived from Plant Biotechnology;30
8.1;Introduction;31
8.2;End Points and Definitions;32
8.3;Regulatory Aspects;37
8.4;Biosafety Research on Virus-Resistant Sugar Beet;38
8.5;Using Biogeographical Data for Biosafety Research;42
8.6;Monitoring of Insect-Resistant Maize;43
8.7;Concluding Remarks: Linking Biosafety Research and Monitoring;51
8.8;References;52
9;Chapter 3. Safety Assessment of Foods and Food Ingredients Produced by Genetically Modified Microorganisms;56
9.1;Introduction;57
9.2;Issues in Food and Food Ingredients Produced From rDNA;63
9.3;Concepts in Safety Testing;73
9.4;Regulatory Requirements;75
9.5;Case Studies in Safety Assessment;86
9.6;Concluding Remarks;99
9.7;References;100
10;Chapter 4. Food Safety Assessment of Current and Future Plant Biotechnology Products;104
10.1;Introduction;105
10.2;Safety Evaluation and the Substantial Equivalence Paradigm;109
10.3;How are Genetically Modified Foods Evaluated for Food Safety?;112
10.4;Future Trends in Food Safety Assessments;124
10.5;Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects;127
10.6;References;129
11;Chapter 5. Plant Biotechnology Products with Direct Consumer Benefits;134
11.1;Introduction;135
11.2;Improved Nutritional Qualities;136
11.3;Products with Enhanced Quality Traits;145
11.4;Concluding Remarks;153
11.5;References;154
12;Chapter 6. Animal Feeds from Crops Derived through Biotechnology : Farm Animal Performance and Safety;160
12.1;Introduction;161
12.2;Crops Fed to Farm Animals in the United States;163
12.3;Characteristics of Intake and Digestion by Farm Animals;163
12.4;Performance, Health, and Nutrient Utilization for Farm Animals Consuming Biotechnology-Derived Crops;170
12.5;Composition of Meat, Milk, and Eggs from Farm Animals Consuming Biotechnology-Derived Crops;190
12.6;Detecting Plant Source Proteins and DNA in Animal Products;193
12.7;Concluding Remarks: Future Directions;197
12.8;References;200
13;Chapter 7. Preclinical Immunotoxicology Assessment of Cytokine Therapeutics;208
13.1;Introduction;209
13.2;Cytokines and Their Role in Health and Disease;209
13.3;Modulation of Cytokine Activity as a Therapeutic Modality;212
13.4;Clinical Toxicity Associated with Modulation of Cytokine Activity;227
13.5;Immunotoxicolcogy Assessment of Cytokine Therapeutics;228
13.6;Concluding Remarks;238
13.7;References;239
14;Chapter 8. Ecological Assessment of Crops Derived through Biotechnology;250
14.1;Introduction;251
14.2;Terminology;252
14.3;Ecological Risk Assessment Principles;253
14.4;Ecological Risk Assessment Principles for Genetically Modified Plants;258
14.5;Concluding Remarks;267
14.6;References;268
15;Chapter 9. Ribozyme Technology and Drug Development;270
15.1;Introduction;270
15.2;Nonenzymatic Antisense Oligonucleotides as Inhibitors of Specific Gene Expression;271
15.3;RNA-based Enzymes;274
15.4;Catalytic DNAs;281
15.5;Therapeutic Applications of Catalytic Oligonucleotides;282
15.6;Ribozyme Delivery, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism;286
15.7;Concluding Remarks: Future Prospects;289
15.8;References;290
16;Chapter 10. Biotherapeutics: Current Status and Future Directions;298
16.1;Introduction;299
16.2;Recombinant Proteins: Approved for Clinical Use;300
16.3;Interferon Alfa;303
16.4;Recombinant Proteins in Clinical Development;309
16.5;Natural Biological Response Modifiers;319
16.6;Chemically Defined Biological Response Modifiers;322
16.7;Combination Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, and Cellular Therapy;325
16.8;Concluding Remarks;328
16.9;References;329
17;Chapter 11. Food Allergy Assessment for Products Derived through Plant Biotechnology;342
17.1;Introduction to Food Allergies and Allergens;343
17.2;Novel Proteins: Justification for Allergenicity Assessment;347
17.3;Allergy Assessment in the Gene Discovery Phase;348
17.4;Decision Tree Approach: The 2001 FAO/WHO Decision Tree;349
17.5;Example Applications of Allergenicity Assessment;357
17.6;Concluding Remarks;359
17.7;References;360
18;Chapter 12. Biotechnology: Safety Evaluation of Biotherapeutics and Agribiotechnology Products;364
18.1;Introduction;365
18.2;Biotherapeutics;371
18.3;Agribiotechnology;385
18.4;Concluding Remarks;398
18.5;References;399
19;Chapter 13. The Potential of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries;402
19.1;Introduction;403
19.2;Agriculture in Africa;404
19.3;African Crops and their Problems;405
19.4;Vaccines for Africa;406
19.5;Genetically Modified Crops in South Africa;407
19.6;Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries;408
19.7;The Anti-GMO Lobby and Developing Countries;410
19.8;Future Directions;411
19.9;Concluding Remarks;412
19.10;References;413
20;Chapter 14. Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Vaccines;414
20.1;Introduction;415
20.2;Regulatory Framework;418
20.3;Outline of the Proposed Studies;419
20.4;Concluding Remarks;426
20.5;References;427
21;Chapter 15. Gene Flow from Transgenic Plants;430
21.1;Introduction;431
21.2;Initial Hybrid Formation;432
21.3;Transgene Introgression;444
21.4;Transgene Spread;446
21.5;Concluding Remarks;447
21.6;References;447
22;Chapter 16. Safety Assessment of Insect-Protected Cotton;452
22.1;Introduction;453
22.2;Molecular Characterization of Bollgard Cotton;456
22.3;Cry1Ac and NPT II Protein Levels in Bollgard Cotton Plants;457
22.4;Safety Assessment of the Cry1Ac and NPT II Proteins in Bollgard Cotton;460
22.5;Compositional Analysis and Nutritional Assessment of Bollgard Cotton;465
22.6;Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Assessment of Marker Genes;472
22.7;Environmental Assessment;474
22.8;Concluding Remarks;478
22.9;References;478