Toledo / Fried The Biology of Echinostomes

From the Molecule to the Community
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-09577-6
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 333 Seiten

Echinostomes are medically- and veterinary-important parasitic flatworms that invade humans, domestic animals and wildlife and also parasitize in their larval stages numerous invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts. The interest in echinostomes in parasitology and general biology comes from several areas: (1) Human infections; (2) Experimental models; (3) Animal infections; (4) Systematics. The application of novel techniques is moving the echinostomes to the frontline of parasitology in fields such as systematics, immunobiology in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and proteomics among others. The Biology of Echinostomes demonstrates the application of new techniques to a group of trematodes that may serve to obtain information of great value in parasitology and general biology. The book includes basic topics, such as biology and systematics, as well as more novel topics, such as immunobiology, proteomics, and genomics of echinostomes. The authors of each chapter emphasize their content with: (i) the most novel information obtained; (ii) analysis of this information in a more general context (i.e. general parasitology); and (iii) future perspectives in view of the information presented. The subjects are analyzed from a modern point of view, considering aspects such as applications of novel techniques and an analysis of host-parasite interactions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Toledo, Rafael

Fried, Bernard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;10
4;Chapter 1 Echinostomes: Systematics and Life Cycles;13
4.1;1.1 Echinostomes: Systematics and Life Cycles;14
4.2;References;38
5;Chapter 2 Echinostomes and Snails: Exploring Complex Interactions;47
5.1;2.1 Echinostomes and Snails: Exploring Complex Interactions;47
5.2;2.2 Concluding Remarks;63
5.3;References;65
6;Chapter 3 Echinostomes in the Second Intermediate Host;72
6.1;3.1 Introduction;73
6.2;3.2 Echinostome Metacercariae;73
6.3;3.3 Encystment of Echinostome Metacercariae;73
6.4;3.4 Metacercarial Site Selection in Second Intermediate Hosts;74
6.5;3.5 Development of Echinostome Metacercariae in the Second Intermediate Host;76
6.6;3.6 Excystation of Echinostome Metacercariae;78
6.7;3.7 Invertebrate and Vertebrate Second Intermediate Hosts of Echinostomes;78
6.8;3.8 Behavioral and Morphological Changes in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts Infected with Echinostome Metacercariae;84
6.9;3.9 Pathology of Metacercariae in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts;86
6.10;3.10 Effects of Pesticides, Herbicides on Echinostome Metacercariae;88
6.11;3.11 Effects of Marinades of Echinostome Metacercariae;89
6.12;3.12 Concluding Remarks;90
6.13;References;91
7;Chapter 4 Echinostomes in the Definitive Host: A Model for the Study of Host–Parasite Relationships;99
7.1;4.1 Introduction;100
7.2;4.2 Host Specificity and Infectivity;100
7.3;4.3 Metacercarial Excystment;101
7.4;4.4 Establishment in the Definitive Host;103
7.5;4.5 Worm Distribution and Habitat Location;106
7.6;4.6 Growth and Development of Adult Echinostomes;107
7.7;4.7 Mating Behavior of Adult Echinostomes;108
7.8;4.8 Fecundity of Echinostomes in the Vertebrate Host;111
7.9;4.9 Concluding Remarks;114
7.10;References;115
8;Chapter 5 Maintenance, Cultivation, and Excystation of Echinostomes: 2000–2007;120
8.1;5.1 Introduction and Significance;121
8.2;5.2 Obtaining Material;125
8.3;5.3 Maintenance of Larval and Adult Echinostomes and the Intermediate and Definitive Hosts;128
8.4;5.4 In Ovo Cultivation;129
8.5;5.5 In Vitro Cultivation;129
8.6;5.6 Transplantation of Larval and Adult Echinostomes to New Sites;130
8.7;5.7 In Vivo and In Vitro Excystation of Metacercariae;130
8.8;5.8 In Vitro Encystment of Cercariae;132
8.9;5.9 Concluding Remarks;132
8.10;References;133
9;Chapter 6 Echinostomes in the Wild;138
9.1;6.1 Introduction;139
9.2;6.2 Major and Minor Species of Echinostomes in the Wild;139
9.3;6.3 Echinostomes as Experimental Models;143
9.4;6.4 Co-infection of Echinostomes and Other Helminths in the Wild;147
9.5;6.5 Pathological Aspects in Natural and Experimental Infections;147
9.6;6.6 Potential of Wild Echinostome Zoonoses;148
9.7;6.7 Impact of Parasitism on Wildlife Conservation;149
9.8;References;150
10;Chapter 7 Echinostomes in Humans;155
10.1;7.1 Introduction;156
10.2;7.2 Taxonomy, Biology and Epidemiology of Echinostomes Infecting Humans;158
10.3;7.3 Pathology and Symptomatology of Echinostomes Infecting Humans;175
10.4;7.4 Immunology of Human Echinostomiasis;180
10.5;7.5 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Echinostomes Infecting Humans;182
10.6;References;184
11;Chapter 8 Immunology and Pathology of Echinostome Infections in the Definitive Host;192
11.1;8.1 Introduction;193
11.2;8.2 Manifestations of Resistance to Infection;193
11.3;8.3 Experimental Models for the Study of the Immunobiology of Echinostome Infections;195
11.4;8.4 Pathology of the Echinostome Infections;197
11.5;8.5 Mechanisms of Resistance to Echinostome Infections;199
11.6;8.6 Antigenic Characterization of Adult Echinostomes;206
11.7;8.7 Immunodiagnosis;207
11.8;8.8 Concluding Remarks;209
11.9;References;209
12;Chapter 9 Echinostomes: Genomics and Proteomics;214
12.1;9.1 Introduction;215
12.2;9.2 Echinostome Genomics;216
12.3;9.3 Echinostome Proteomics;221
12.4;9.4 Concluding Remarks;231
12.5;References;231
13;Chapter 10 Studies of Echinostomes Using Chromatography and Atomic Spectrometry;236
13.1;10.1 Introduction;237
13.2;10.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography Principles and Methods;237
13.3;10.3 Thin-Layer Chromatography Applications;242
13.4;10.4 Gas Chromatography;248
13.5;10.5 Column Liquid Chromatography;250
13.6;10.6 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry;251
13.7;10.7 Concluding Remarks;252
13.8;References;253
14;Chapter 11 Effects of Environmental Change on Helminth Infections in Amphibians: Exploring the Emergence of Ribeiroia and Echinostoma Infections in North America;256
14.1;11.1 Introduction;257
14.2;11.2 Overview of Ribeiroia;260
14.3;11.3 Overview of Echinostomes;271
14.4;11.4 Possible Causes of Parasite Emergence;276
14.5;11.5 Concluding Remarks;280
14.6;References;282
15;Chapter 12 Concurrent Infections of Echinostomes with Helminths and Protozoans;288
15.1;12.1 Introduction;289
15.2;12.2 Echinostome Coinfection with Heterologous Echinostomes;289
15.3;12.3 Echinostome Coinfection with Other Helminths;291
15.4;12.4 Echinostome Coinfection with Protozoans;294
15.5;12.5 Concluding Remarks;297
15.6;References;298
16;Chapter 13 Use of Echinostoma spp. in Studies on Chemotherapy and Metabolic Profiling;301
16.1;13.1 Introduction;302
16.2;13.2 Use of Echinostoma spp. in Trematocidal Drug Discovery and Development;303
16.3;13.3 Metabonomic Investigation on Echinostoma caproni in the Mouse Model;308
16.4;13.4 Concluding Remarks;325
16.5;References;326
17;Index;331