Torre Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Complex Liquids

An Experimental Perspective
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-25558-3
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 252 Seiten

Time-Resolved Spectroscopy in Complex Liquids is intended to introduce the experimental researchers to state-of-the-art techniques in the study of the dynamics of complex liquids. The contributors concentrate on time-resolved optical spectroscopy, which recently produced many relevant results and new information about complex liquids. This is an emerging topic of soft-matter science and this book provides the most up-to-date account of new development.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Torre, Renato

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;6
2;Contributing Authors;8
3;Preface;10
4;Chapter 1 TWO DIMENSIONAL FIFTH-ORDER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY A New Tool for the Study of Liquid State Dynamics;12
4.1;1.1 Introduction;13
4.2;1.2 Theory;21
4.2.1;1.2.1 Origin of the Fifth-Order Raman Signal;24
4.2.2;1.2.2 Theoretical Results Summary;25
4.3;1.3 Experimental Advances;37
4.3.1;1.3.1 Laser Source and Experiment Synopsis;40
4.3.2;1.3.2 Diffractive Optics;42
4.3.3;1.3.3 Heterodyne Detection;45
4.3.4;1.3.4 Multicolor Approach;46
4.3.5;1.3.5 Cascaded Signals;46
4.4;1.4 Experimental Findings;51
4.5;1.5 General Discussion and Implications of the Findings for the Liquid State;65
4.6;1.6 Summary and Future Perspective;71
4.7;Acknowledgments;74
4.8;References;75
5;Chapter 2 OPTICAL KERR EFFECT EXPERIMENTS ON COMPLEX LIQUIDS A Direct Access to Fast Dynamic Processes;84
5.1;2.1 Introduction;84
5.2;2.2 Time-Resolved OKE Experiments;85
5.2.1;2.2.1 A Simple Model;87
5.2.2;2.2.2 The Nonlinear Optics Framework;90
5.3;2.3 The Response Function;93
5.3.1;2.3.1 The Linear Susceptibility Tensor and Its Correlation;95
5.3.2;2.3.2 The Model of Liquid Dynamics;99
5.4;2.4 The Experimental Procedure;105
5.4.1;2.4.1 Heterodyne Detection;110
5.4.2;2.4.2 HD-OKE vs. Light Scattering Signal;114
5.5;2.5 Some Experimental Results;115
5.5.1;2.5.1 HD-OKE in "Simple" Molecular Liquids;115
5.5.2;2.5.2 HD-OKE in Supercooled Liquids and Glass- Formers;122
5.5.3;2.5.3 The Water Case;125
5.6;Acknowledgments;128
5.7;Appendix: Laser Pulses Definition;128
5.8;Notes;130
5.9;References;130
6;Chapter 3 TRANSIENT GRATING EXPERIMENTS IN GLASS- FORMER LIQUIDS A Unique Tool to Investigate Complex Dynamics;139
6.1;3.1 Introduction;139
6.2;3.2 Theory of the Transient Grating Experiment;141
6.2.1;3.2.1 TG and Four-Wave Mixing;144
6.2.2;3.2.2 Hydrodynamic Approach to the TG Experiments;151
6.3;3.3 Experimental Procedure;161
6.3.1;3.3.1 Laser System and Optical Setup;161
6.3.2;3.3.2 Heterodyne and Homodyne Detections;164
6.3.3;3.3.3 Fitting Procedure;166
6.4;3.4 Experimental Results;167
6.4.1;3.4.1 SupercooledWater: the Importance of the Photothermal Effect;171
6.4.2;3.4.2 Ortho-terphenyl: the Structural Dynamics of a Fragile Glass-Former;175
6.4.3;3.4.3 Glycerol: A Test of Hydrodynamic Models;180
6.4.4;3.4.4 Meta-Toluidine: The Rotation-Translation Coupling Effect;184
6.5;Acknowledgments;188
6.6;Appendix: Mathematical Representation of the Stretched Exponential;188
6.7;Notes;189
6.8;References;190
7;Chapter 4 DYNAMICAL PROCESSES IN CONFINED LIQUID CRYSTALS;195
7.1;4.1 Introduction;195
7.2;4.2 Continuum Description of Nematic Liquid Crystals;197
7.3;4.3 Fluctuational Dynamics in Nematic Liquid Crystals;199
7.4;4.4 Light Scattering by Director Fluctuations;200
7.5;4.5 Confined Liquid Crystals;202
7.5.1;4.5.1 Planar Cells;202
7.5.2;4.5.2 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals;203
7.5.3;4.5.3 Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals;203
7.6;4.6 Fluctuation Spectrum in Confined Geometries;204
7.6.1;4.6.1 Fluctuation Dynamics in Thin Planar Cells;205
7.6.2;4.6.2 Relaxation Dynamics in PDLCs;209
7.6.3;4.6.3 Relaxation Dynamics in HPDLCs;209
7.7;4.7 Dynamic Light Scattering Experiments;210
7.7.1;4.7.1 Planar Samples;211
7.7.2;4.7.2 HPDLCs;216
7.8;4.8 Conclusions;222
7.9;References;223
8;Chapter 5 TIME- RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE AND DICHROISM IN ABSORBING LIQUIDS Intermolecular Guest- Host Interactions in Absorbing Liquids;227
8.1;5.1 Introduction;227
8.2;5.2 Photoinduced Molecular Reorientation of Absorbing Liquids and Liquid Crystals;229
8.3;5.3 Theory;233
8.3.1;5.3.1 TRPS fluorescence;234
8.3.2;5.3.2 TRPS Pump-Probe Dichroism;236
8.4;5.4 Fluorescence Experiments: Observing the Molecule Rotation in its Excited State;238
8.4.1;5.4.1 Deuterium Effect on Molecular Rotation and its Relationship with Optical Nonlinearity;240
8.4.2;5.4.2 Effect of Excitation-LightWavelength on Dye Excitation and its Relationship with Optical Nonlinearity;243
8.5;5.5 Combining Fluorescence and Dichroism Experiments: The Influence of Electronic Excitation on Rotational Friction;246
8.6;5.6 Conclusions: The Role of Hydrogen Bonding;249
8.7;References;251
9;Topic Index;256