Tsinganos / Ray / Stute Protostellar Jets in Context

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-00576-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 662 Seiten

It is over a quarter of a century since the discovery of out?ows from young stars. The intervening years have led to remarkable advances in our understanding of this phenomenon. Much of the progress can be attributed to advances in facilities and technologies, including not only larger telescopes but also improved instrument and detector performance. In addition protostellar out?ows have now been imaged from the ground and space at high spatial resolution, e. g. with HST, and at a wide - riety of wavelengths from X-rays to radio waves, revealing more and more about their physics. This veritable revolution in observation has been accompanied by an exponential growth in our ability to numerically simulate the launching and pro- gation of jets. Codes continue to improve: they now incorporate more physics and are increasingly ef?cient through, for example, techniques such as adaptive mesh re?nement and the use of parallel processing in cluster environments. Simulating the launching and propagation of a jet all the way from the vicinity of the star up to 4 several thousand AU (a size range of10 ) is now much closer. In more recent times, developments in observation, theory and numerical s- ulation have been joined by laboratory jet experiments reproducing, on centimetre scales, that which is seen in astrophysics to stretch for several parsecs.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tsinganos, Kanaris

Ray, Tom

Stute, Matthias

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;9
2;Contents;11
3;Contributors;20
4;Part I Introductory Reviews;32
4.1;Astrophysical Jets;33
4.1.1;1 Introduction;33
4.1.2;2 The Disk-Jet Connection;34
4.1.2.1;2.1 Systems Producing Collimated Jets;34
4.1.2.2;2.2 Does the Formation of Jets Require an Accretion Disk?;35
4.1.3;3 Clues on the Jet Formation Mechanism;37
4.1.3.1;The Jet Origin;37
4.1.4;References;38
4.2;Jets from Young Stars;40
4.2.1;1 Introduction;41
4.2.2;2 Classical Herbig-Haro Objects;41
4.2.3;3 Irradiated Jets and Outflows;43
4.2.4;4 Outflows from Massive Stars;45
4.2.5;References;48
5;Part II The Star/Jet/Disk System;50
5.1;The Star-Jet-Disk System and Angular Momentum Transfer;51
5.1.1;1 Introduction;51
5.1.2;2 The Energy Problem;52
5.1.3;3 The Protostellar Phase;52
5.1.4;4 Stellar Wind Braking;53
5.1.5;5 Magnetospheric Braking;54
5.1.6;6 Twist and Shout;55
5.1.7;7 ``Twister' Model with Magnetic Heating;56
5.1.8;8 Observational Consequences;58
5.1.9;References;59
5.2;Hot Inner Winds from T Tauri Stars;61
5.2.1;1 Introduction;62
5.2.2;2 Diagnostics of the Cool Component of the Wind;62
5.2.3;3 Is There a Hot Component to the Winds of CTTSs?;64
5.2.4;4 Summary and Future Work;66
5.2.5;References;68
5.3;Hot Gas in Accretion Disks and Jets: An UV View of Star Formation;70
5.3.1;1 Introduction: The Jets Engine;70
5.3.2;2 Accretion Shocks;72
5.3.3;3 Ion Belts;73
5.3.4;4 Interaction of the Outflows with the Environment;74
5.3.5;References;75
5.4;Generalized Multipole X-Wind Model;77
5.4.1;1 Equations of the Generalized X-Wind Model;77
5.4.2;2 Comparison to Observations;81
5.4.3;References;82
5.5;Instabilities in Accretion Disks;83
5.5.1;1 Introduction;83
5.5.2;2 A Zoo of Instabilities;85
5.5.3;3 The MRI;86
5.5.4;4 The MRI in Protoplanetary Disks;89
5.5.5;5 Global Simulations of the MRI;89
5.5.6;6 Summary;90
5.5.7;References;91
5.6;Theory of Wind-Driving Protostellar Disks;93
5.6.1;1 Introduction;94
5.6.2;2 The Disk--Wind Connection;95
5.6.3;3 Formation of Magnetically Threaded Disks;96
5.6.4;4 Equilibrium Structure and Stability of Disk/Wind Systems;97
5.6.5;5 Conclusion;100
5.6.6;References;101
5.7;Aspect Ratio Dependence in Magnetorotational Instability Shearing Box Simulations;103
5.7.1;1 Motivations;104
5.7.2;2 Results;104
5.7.3;3 Conclusions;107
5.7.4;References;107
5.8;Advection/Diffusion of Large Scale Magnetic Field in Accretion Disks;109
5.8.1;1 Introduction;110
5.8.2;2 Theory;110
5.8.3;References;113
5.9;Magnetic Reconnection in Accretion Disk Systems:From BHs to YSOs;115
5.9.1;1 Introduction;116
5.9.2;2 MR in Microquasars;116
5.9.3;3 MR in AGNs/Quasars;118
5.9.4;4 MR in YSOS;119
5.9.5;References;120
6;Part III Jet Launching;122
6.1;Self-Collimated Jets from Accretion Discs and Star-disc Interaction Zones;123
6.1.1;1 Introduction;123
6.1.2;2 Disc Winds;125
6.1.3;3 Winds from the Star-disc Interaction Zone;128
6.1.3.1;3.1 A Y-type Configuration: X-winds;129
6.1.3.2;3.2 A X-type Configuration: Reconnection X-winds;130
6.1.4;4 Conclusion;132
6.1.5;References;133
6.2;Large-Scale 3D Simulations of Protostellar Jets;135
6.2.1;1 Introduction;136
6.2.2;2 Simulation Setup;136
6.2.3;3 Results;137
6.2.3.1;3.1 Emission Line Maps;137
6.2.4;4 Summary;139
6.2.5;References;140
6.3;Magnetic Field Advection in Weakly Magnetised Viscous Resistive Accretion Disks: Numerical Simulations;141
6.3.1;1 Motivation;142
6.3.2;2 Method;142
6.3.3;3 Results;143
6.3.3.1;3.1 Field Advection in the Accretion Disk;143
6.3.3.2;3.2 Numerical Jet Launching;144
6.3.4;4 Summary;145
6.3.5;References;145
6.4;Extending Analytical MHD Jet Formation Modelswith a Finite Disk Radius;147
6.4.1;1 Introduction;148
6.4.2;2 Numerical Models;148
6.4.3;3 Comparison with Observations;149
6.4.4;4 Summary;152
6.4.5;References;152
6.5;Magnetohydrodynamic Jets from Different Magnetic Field Configurations;154
6.5.1;1 Jets as Collimated MHD Flows;155
6.5.2;2 Model Setup;155
6.5.2.1;2.1 Boundary Conditions;156
6.5.2.2;2.2 Initial Conditions;156
6.5.3;3 Disk Wind Magnetization and Jet Collimation;157
6.5.4;4 Jet Mass Flux Triggered by Star-disk Magnetospheric Flares;157
6.5.5;References;159
6.6;Resistive MHD Jet Simulations with Large Resistivity;160
6.6.1;1 Introduction;161
6.6.2;2 New Characteristic Number;162
6.6.3;3 Results;163
6.6.4;References;164
6.7;The X-wind Model;165
6.7.1;1 Introduction;165
6.7.2;2 General Properties of the X-wind;166
6.7.3;3 Mathematical Formulation and Global Solutions;167
6.7.4;4 Observational Tests;169
6.7.4.1;4.1 Multipolar Funnel Flow;170
6.7.4.2;4.2 Disk Locking;170
6.7.4.3;4.3 Jet Rotation and Launch Radius;170
6.7.5;5 Magnetized Disks and Implication for Disk Winds and X-winds;171
6.7.6;References;172
6.8;Disk-Magnetosphere Interaction and Outflows: Conical Winds and Axial Jets;175
6.8.1;1 Introduction;176
6.8.2;2 Conical Winds;176
6.8.2.1;2.1 Axisymmetric (2.5D) Simulations;176
6.8.2.2;2.2 The Fluxes of Matter and Angular Momentum;178
6.8.2.3;2.3 3D Simulations;179
6.8.3;3 Enhanced Accretion and Outflows;180
6.8.4;4 Outflows in the ``Propeller" Regime;181
6.8.5;5 Conclusions;182
6.8.6;References;184
6.9;Simulating the Launching of YSO Jets;186
6.9.1;1 Introduction;186
6.9.2;2 Disk Winds;187
6.9.3;3 Stellar Winds;188
6.9.4;4 Magnetospheric Ejections;190
6.9.5;5 Summary and Conclusions;191
6.9.6;References;191
6.10;On the Effect of Stellar Wind Braking onto the Central Object;193
6.10.1;1 Introduction: Multicomponent Outflows;194
6.10.2;2 An Example of an Efficiently Braking Stellar Wind Solution;195
6.10.3;3 Extension to Relativistic Flows in Kerr Metrics;196
6.10.4;References;198
6.11;Flaring Activity in Accretion Flows of Young Stellar Objects;199
6.11.1;1 Introduction;200
6.11.2;2 Modeling Flares on YSO;201
6.11.3;3 Modeling Flares in Accreting Flux Tubes;202
6.11.4;References;203
6.12;Similarities of the Launching Mechanismin Protostellar/AGN Jets;204
6.12.1;1 Introduction;205
6.12.2;2 Jet Formation from a Disk Initially Threaded by Large-scale Poloidal Magnetic Fields;205
6.12.3;3 Jet Formation by Expansion of Magnetic Loops Connecting a Star and its Disk;208
6.12.4;4 Formation of Outflows from Turbulent Accretion Disks;209
6.12.5;5 Summary;211
6.12.6;References;212
6.13;Formation of Episodic Magnetically Driven Radiatively Cooled Plasma Jets in Laboratory Experiments;214
6.13.1;1 Introduction;215
6.13.2;2 Experimental Setup;216
6.13.3;3 Formation of Episodic Magnetic Tower Jets;217
6.13.4;4 Jet Propagation in an Ambient Gas;219
6.13.5;5 Summary;221
6.13.6;References;222
6.14;Jets in the MHD Context;224
6.14.1;1 The Steady, Axisymmetric, Ideal MHD Description;225
6.14.1.1;1.1 Bernoulli Equation;225
6.14.1.2;1.2 Transfield Equation;227
6.14.2;2 The Analytical Solution;229
6.14.3;References;230
7;Part IV Observational Constraints on Jet Launching;231
7.1;Jets from Embedded Protostars;232
7.1.1;1 Introduction;232
7.1.1.1;1.1 Diagnostic on Physical Properties of Embedded Jets;233
7.1.1.2;1.2 Observations of the Jet Base;236
7.1.1.3;1.3 Class 0 Molecular jets;238
7.1.2;2 Conclusions;240
7.1.3;References;240
7.2;Accretion Luminosity of Embedded Protostars;242
7.2.1;1 Accretion in Class I objects;242
7.2.2;2 Sample and Observations;243
7.2.3;3 Spectra;244
7.2.4;4 Accretion Diagnostics;245
7.2.5;5 Results;246
7.2.5.1;5.1 ADYOs;246
7.2.5.2;5.2 Accretion and Ejection;247
7.2.6;References;247
7.3;Resolved Inner Jets from T Tauri Stars;248
7.3.1;1 Introduction;249
7.3.2;2 Observations from the Ground with Adaptive Optics;249
7.3.3;3 Observations from Space with the HST;250
7.3.4;4 Jet Rotation: A Discussion;252
7.3.5;References;255
7.4;Searching for Jet Rotation Signatures in Class 0 and I Jets;258
7.4.1;1 Introduction;259
7.4.2;2 Observations and Data Reduction;260
7.4.3;3 Analysis of Spectra;260
7.4.4;4 Results;260
7.4.5;5 Conclusions;261
7.4.6;References;262
7.5;Observational Constraints to Steady Jet Models in Young Stars;263
7.5.1;1 Introduction;263
7.5.2;2 Jet Collimation Mechanism;264
7.5.3;3 Jet Acceleration, Wide-Angle Structure, and Molecular Counterparts;265
7.5.3.1;3.1 Kinematics Along the Jet;265
7.5.3.2;3.2 Constraints from the Wide-Angle Flow Structure;267
7.5.3.3;3.3 Molecular H2 Counterparts in TTS;268
7.5.3.4;3.4 Molecule Survival in MHD Disk Winds;268
7.5.4;4 Updated Constraints from Jet Rotation;268
7.5.4.1;4.1 Cautionary Notes: The Examples of HH 211 and HH 212;270
7.5.5;5 Jet Mass-Flux and Jet Power;271
7.5.6;6 Conclusions;271
7.5.7;References;272
7.6;Searching for Brown Dwarf Outflows;274
7.6.1;1 Introduction;274
7.6.2;2 Targets, Observations and Analysis;275
7.6.3;3 Results;276
7.6.4;References;278
7.7;Protostellar Jets Driven by Intermediate- and High-Mass Protostars: An Evolutionary Scenario?;281
7.7.1;1 Intermediate- & High-Mass Jets in Context;282
7.7.2;2 IR Spectra: The Importance of the Cold H2 Component;282
7.7.3;3 An Evolutionary Scenario?;283
7.7.4;References;286
7.8;General Properties of Jets from Active Galactic Nucleiand Comparison with Protostellar Jets;287
7.8.1;1 Introduction;288
7.8.2;2 The Radio Galaxies;289
7.8.2.1;2.1 The Fanaroff-Riley Classification;290
7.8.2.2;2.2 The Jet Composition;291
7.8.2.3;2.3 The Jet Acceleration;292
7.8.3;3 AGN vs Protostellar Jets;292
7.8.4;4 Summary;294
7.8.5;References;295
8;Part V Jet Propagation, Stability, Interaction with the Environment,X-ray Emission;296
8.1;The Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in Stellar Jets;297
8.1.1;1 Introduction;297
8.1.2;2 KHI: General Properties;298
8.1.2.1;2.1 Linear Analysis;298
8.1.2.2;2.2 Non Linear Analysis;299
8.1.3;3 KHI: Radiative Losses;300
8.1.4;4 KHI: Magnetized jets;302
8.1.5;5 Conclusions;304
8.1.6;References;305
8.2;Radiative Jets from Variable Sources;307
8.2.1;1 Introduction;308
8.2.2;2 The Numerical Simulations;308
8.2.2.1;2.1 The Basic Setup;308
8.2.2.2;2.2 Single- and two-mode Sinusoidal Ejection Velocity Variability;309
8.2.2.3;2.3 Non-sinusoidal Ejection Velocity Variability;311
8.2.2.4;2.4 A 3D Simulation of a Variable, Precessing jet;312
8.2.3;3 Conclusions;313
8.2.4;References;314
8.3;Position-Velocity Analysis of HH 111: Physical Structureand Dust Content;316
8.3.1;1 Introduction;317
8.3.2;2 The Jet Physical Structure in Position and Velocity;317
8.3.3;3 The Presence of Dust in the Jet;319
8.3.4;References;321
8.4;Application of Tomographic Techniques to Stellar Jets;322
8.4.1;1 Introduction;322
8.4.2;2 Method to Determine the Physical Parameters;323
8.4.2.1;2.1 Emission Line Map Inversion;323
8.4.2.2;2.2 Jet Diagnostics;325
8.4.3;3 Application to the HH30 jet;325
8.4.4;4 Conclusions;326
8.4.5;References;327
8.5;Measurement of Magnetic Fields in Stellar Jets;328
8.5.1;1 Introduction;329
8.5.2;2 Zeeman Splitting;330
8.5.2.1;2.1 Physics: Effect of Magnetic Fields on Energy Levels;330
8.5.2.2;2.2 Line Splitting and Polarization Examples;332
8.5.3;3 Synchrotron and Cyclotron Emission;333
8.5.3.1;3.1 Physics: Continuum Emission from Particlesin a Magnetic Field;333
8.5.3.2;3.2 The Case of T Tauri-S;335
8.5.4;4 Magnetic Pressure in Cooling Zones of Shocks;335
8.5.4.1;4.1 Physics: Magnetic Pressure in Postshock Cooling Zones;335
8.5.4.2;4.2 Application of Cooling Zone Method to Stellar Jets;335
8.5.5;5 Implications for a Velocity-Variable Magnetic Flow;336
8.5.6;6 Summary;337
8.5.7;References;337
8.6;Jet Kinematics;339
8.6.1;1 Introduction;339
8.6.2;2 Internal jet Structure;340
8.6.2.1;2.1 Motions within the beam and the bow shock Structure;340
8.6.2.2;2.2 Knot Formation;342
8.6.2.3;2.3 PMs from HST;343
8.6.2.4;2.4 Velocity Components, Asymmetries, and jet Rotation;343
8.6.3;3 Large Scale jet Structure;344
8.6.3.1;3.1 Parsec-scale Flows;344
8.6.3.2;3.2 H2 Kinematics;344
8.6.3.3;3.3 Jet Precession, Bending and Deflection;345
8.6.4;4 Jet Time-Variability;345
8.6.5;5 Summary;347
8.6.6;References;348
8.7;Synthetic Jets -- from Models to Observations and Back;350
8.7.1;1 Introduction;350
8.7.2;2 Inversion of Position-Velocity Diagrams for Stellar Jets;351
8.7.3;3 Inversion of Synchrotron Emission for AGN Jets;352
8.7.4;4 Concluding Remarks;354
8.7.5;References;354
8.8;X-Ray Emission from Young Stellar Jets;356
8.8.1;1 Introduction;357
8.8.2;2 A Bipolar X-Ray Jet from DG Tau;357
8.8.3;3 Two-Absorber X-Ray Spectra: Evidence for Jets?;357
8.8.4;4 Interpretation and Discussion;359
8.8.5;References;360
8.9;The Complex Morphology of the X-Ray and Optical Emission from HH 154: The Pulsed Jet Scenario;362
8.9.1;1 X-Ray Emission from Herbig-Haro Objects;363
8.9.2;2 A Simple Model: X-Ray Emission of the Shock from a Continuous Jet;363
8.9.3;3 Complex Morphology of the X-Ray source from HH 154; Joint Optical/X-Ray Observations364
8.9.4;4 The Pulsed Jet Scenario Explaining the X-Ray Morphology;364
8.9.5;References;367
8.10;Radiative Shocks in the Context of Young Stellar Objects: A Combined Analysis from Experiments and Simulations;368
8.10.1;1 Introduction;369
8.10.2;2 Experimental Radiative Shocks;370
8.10.3;3 Modeling Laboratory Radiative Shocks;371
8.10.4;4 Conclusions;373
8.10.5;References;373
8.11;X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae in the Chandra/XMM Era: New Insight into Stellar Jets;375
8.11.1;1 Introduction;376
8.11.2;2 Tracing a Transformation: NGC 7027;376
8.11.3;3 Revealing Shaping Agents: Menzel 3 and Hubble 5;378
8.11.4;4 Conclusions;379
8.11.5;References;379
8.12;3D Modeling of the 2006 Nova Outburst of RS Ophiuchi: Collimated Outflows and Jet-Like Ejections;380
8.12.1;1 Introduction;381
8.12.2;2 The Model;381
8.12.3;3 Results;382
8.12.4;4 Summary and Conclusions;383
8.12.5;References;385
9;Part VI Molecular Outflows and Turbulence Injection by Jets;386
9.1;Molecular Outflows: Observations;387
9.1.1;1 Molecular Outflows in Context;388
9.1.2;2 Current Challenges in Molecular Outflow Research;389
9.1.3;3 CO Observations of Molecular Outflows;390
9.1.4;4 Rare and Complex Molecules in Molecular Outflows;391
9.1.5;5 The Evolution of Young Protostellar Outflows;392
9.1.6;6 The Chemistry of Molecular EHV Jets;393
9.1.7;7 A Case of Study: The Outflow from IRAS04166+2706;394
9.1.8;8 Conclusions and Future Prospects;396
9.1.9;References;397
9.2;Driving Mechanisms for Molecular Outflows;400
9.2.1;1 Introduction;400
9.2.2;2 Fundamental Properties of Molecular Outflows;401
9.2.3;3 Models of Outflows;403
9.2.3.1;3.1 Steady-State Entrainment;403
9.2.3.2;3.2 Jet-Driven Outflows: ``Prompt Entrainment';404
9.2.3.3;3.3 Wind-Driven Outflows;405
9.2.4;4 Jet-Driven versus Wind-Driven Outflows;407
9.2.5;5 Conclusions;408
9.2.6;References;408
9.3;Protostellar Jet and Outflow in the Collapsing Cloud Core;410
9.3.1;1 Introduction;411
9.3.2;2 Model;411
9.3.3;3 Results;412
9.3.4;4 Discussion;414
9.3.5;References;415
9.4;Outflow Driven Turbulence in Star Forming Clouds;416
9.4.1;1 Introduction;417
9.4.1.1;1.1 Single Jets and Turbulence;418
9.4.1.2;1.2 Jet Morphology;418
9.4.1.3;1.3 Turbulence and Kinetic Energy Power Spectra;421
9.4.2;2 Multiple Jet Driven Turbulence;421
9.4.3;3 Summary;424
9.4.4;References;424
9.5;Jet Driven Turbulence?;426
9.5.1;1 Introduction;427
9.5.2;2 Turbulence from Single Jets;427
9.5.3;3 Global Collapse with Mechanical Feedback;429
9.5.4;4 Summary and Conclusion;430
9.5.5;References;431
9.6;Prospects for Outflow and Jet Science with ALMA;433
9.6.1;1 Introduction;433
9.6.2;2 Capabilities of ALMA;434
9.6.2.1;2.1 Design;434
9.6.2.2;2.2 Scientific Capabilities;435
9.6.3;3 Potential Outflow and Jet Studies with ALMA;436
9.6.3.1;3.1 Molecular Outflow Surveys with ALMA;437
9.6.3.2;3.2 Jet and Outflow Proper Motions with ALMA;438
9.6.3.3;3.3 Jet/Outflow Shocks and Chemistry;438
9.6.3.4;3.4 Calorimetry: Measuring the True Power of Outflows;439
9.6.3.5;3.5 Towards the Central Engine: Launch, Collimation and Rotation;440
9.6.3.6;3.6 Probing the Magnetic Field in Outflow Sources;440
9.6.4;4 Conclusions;441
9.6.5;References;441
10;Part VII JETSET Early Stage Researcher Presentations;443
10.1;Two-component Jet Simulations: Combining Analyticaland Numerical Approaches;444
10.1.1;1 Introduction;445
10.1.2;2 Numerical Two-component Jet Models;446
10.1.3;3 Results;447
10.1.4;4 Conclusions;448
10.1.5;References;448
10.2;Jets from Young Stellar Objects: From MHD Simulationsto Synthetic Observations;450
10.2.1;1 Introduction;451
10.2.2;2 The Cooling Module;451
10.2.3;3 Synthetic Observations;452
10.2.3.1;3.1 Emission Maps;452
10.2.3.2;3.2 Position-velocity Diagrams;453
10.2.3.3;3.3 Synthetic Spectra;454
10.2.4;4 Conclusions;454
10.2.5;References;455
10.3;Molecular Cooling in Large Scale Simulationsof Protostellar Jets;456
10.3.1;1 Introduction and Aim;457
10.3.2;2 Method;458
10.3.3;3 Simulation Results;458
10.3.4;4 Ongoing Work;460
10.3.5;References;461
10.4;Survival of Molecules in MHD Disk Winds;462
10.4.1;1 Introduction;462
10.4.2;2 Chemical Modelling of Disk Winds;463
10.4.3;3 Molecular Constituent of the Wind Gas;464
10.4.4;4 Conclusions;465
10.4.5;References;466
10.5;Sheared Magnetic Field and Kelvin Helmholtz Instability;467
10.5.1;1 Introduction;468
10.5.2;2 Model and Numerical Methods;468
10.5.2.1;2.1 The Model;468
10.5.2.2;2.2 Numerical Methods;468
10.5.3;3 Results;469
10.5.3.1;3.1 Single Layer Simulations;469
10.5.3.1.1;3.1.1 Linear Results;469
10.5.3.1.2;3.1.2 Non-linear Results;469
10.5.3.2;3.2 Slab-jet Simulation;471
10.5.4;References;472
10.6;Jets from Class 0 Protostars: A Mid-IR Spitzer View;473
10.6.1;1 L1448-C;473
10.6.1.1;1.1 H2 Emission;473
10.6.1.2;1.2 Atomic Emission;474
10.6.2;2 HH211-mm;475
10.6.2.1;2.1 Morphology;475
10.6.2.2;2.2 H2 Emission;476
10.6.2.3;2.3 Atomic Emission;477
10.6.3;References;477
10.7;0.15 Study of the Atomic and Molecular Jets in DG Tau;479
10.7.1;1 Introduction;480
10.7.2;2 Jet Morphology;480
10.7.3;3 Atomic [FeII] Component: Excitation Conditions and Mass-loss Rates;481
10.7.4;4 Molecular Cavity (H2);483
10.7.5;5 Conclusions;484
10.7.6;References;484
10.8;Velocity Resolved IR Diagnostics of Class I Jets;486
10.8.1;1 Introduction;487
10.8.2;2 Kinematics of the HH34 and HH46-47 Jets near the Exciting Sources;488
10.8.3;3 Diagnostics of Physical Parameters;488
10.8.4;References;490
10.9;Laboratory Astrophysics: Episodic Jet Ejections;492
10.9.1;1 Introduction: The Role of Laboratory Astrophysics;493
10.9.2;2 Episodic Jet Emission;493
10.9.2.1;2.1 Radial Foil Z-pinch and YSO Multi Bubble Formation;493
10.9.2.2;2.2 Radial Foil General Dynamics;494
10.9.2.3;2.3 Knots Collimation;495
10.9.3;3 Episodic Jet Emission in an Ambient Medium;495
10.9.3.1;3.1 Astrophysical Motivation;495
10.9.3.2;3.2 X-ray Emission Regions;495
10.9.3.3;3.3 Bubble Confinement;496
10.9.4;References;497
10.10;Parameter Study in Disk Jet Systems;498
10.10.1;1 Introduction;499
10.10.2;2 Model Description;500
10.10.3;3 Results-Conclusions;501
10.10.4;References;503
10.11;Early Stage Development of the Jetset Database;504
11;Part VIII Posters;506
11.1;Shaping Planetary Nebulae by Jets;507
11.1.1;1 Numerical Simulations;507
11.1.2;2 Results and Summary;508
11.1.3;References;510
11.2;New Herbig-Haro Objects in the Gulf of Mexico;511
11.2.1;1 Introduction;512
11.2.2;2 Herbig-Haro Objects;512
11.2.3;References;513
11.3;Launching Jets from MRI-driven Accretion Discs;514
11.3.1;1 Numerics and Setup;514
11.3.2;2 Results;515
11.3.3;References;516
11.4;Properties of Jet Emitting Discs;518
11.4.1;1 Context;518
11.4.2;2 Including the Jets in the Disc Structure Calculation;519
11.4.3;3 Summary of Results and Perspective;519
11.4.4;References;520
11.5;The H2 Velocity Field of Inner Knots in HH 212;521
11.6;Magnetic Fields in Low-Mass Star Forming Regions: Alignment to Jets/Outflows?;524
11.6.1;1 Introduction: Magnetic Fields and Jets/Outflows;524
11.6.2;2 Analysis and Conclusions;525
11.6.3;References;526
11.7;Interacting Knots in Jets: Simulations vs. Observations;527
11.7.1;References;529
11.8;Wide Field JCMT HARP-B CO(3-2) Mapping of the Serpens Cloud Core;530
11.8.1;1 Abstract;530
11.8.2;2 Outflow activity, Momentum flux vs bolometric luminosity;530
11.8.3;References;531
11.9;Numerical Simulations of Herbig Haro Objects: A Low Excitation HH Object;533
11.9.1;1 Introduction;534
11.9.2;2 The Model;535
11.9.3;3 Conclusions/Summary;535
11.9.4;References;535
11.10;Soft X-rays from DG Tau: A Physical Jet Model;536
11.10.1;References;538
11.11;Multifluid Simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in a Weakly Ionised Plasma;539
11.11.1;1 Initial Set-up;539
11.11.2;2 Results;540
11.11.3;3 Analysis and Conclusions;540
11.11.4;References;541
11.12;Large-scale 3D Simulations of Protostellar Jets: Long-term Stability and Jet Rotation;542
11.12.1;1 Introduction;543
11.12.2;2 Results;543
11.12.3;3 Summary and Conclusions;544
11.12.4;References;544
11.13;Extragalactic Jets with Helical Magnetic Fields;545
11.13.1;1 Equations, Setup, and Jet Propagation Characteristics;546
11.13.2;2 Power Maps for Varying Field;546
11.13.3;References;547
11.14;Jets from Collapsing Stars;548
11.14.1;1 Introduction;548
11.14.2;2 Jets in Magnetosphere of Collapsing Star;549
11.14.3;References;550
11.15;Outflows in High-Mass Star Forming Regions;551
11.15.1;1 The Structure and Kinematics of Massive SFRs;552
11.15.2;Reference;553
11.16;Astrophysical Jet Experiment;554
11.16.1;1 Context;554
11.16.2;2 Experimental Setup and Results;555
11.16.3;References;556
11.16.4;References;556
11.17;The Angular Momentum of Dense Clumps in Elephant Trunks;557
11.17.1;1 Model and Setup;557
11.17.2;2 Conclusions;558
11.17.3;References;558
11.18;A Precessing Jet in the NGC2264G Outflow;559
11.18.1;References;560
11.19;Line Diagnostics of Large Scale Jets from Classical T Tauri Stars: The Case of DG Tau;562
11.19.1;1 Introduction;562
11.19.2;2 Results and Analysis -- DG Tau Jet (HH158);563
11.19.3;References;564
11.20;Relativistic Two-Component Hydrodynamic Jets;565
11.20.1;1 Equations, and Setup;566
11.20.2;2 Nonlinear Evolution and Stability;566
11.20.3;References;567
11.21;The Physical Properties of the RW Aur Bipolar Jet from HST/STIS High-Resolution Spectra;568
11.21.1;1 Introduction;568
11.21.2;2 Diagnostic Results from Spectroscopy: Basic Physical Parameters;569
11.21.3;3 Radial Velocity Asymmetry and Mass Flux Rate;569
11.21.4;4 Comparison with Other T Tau Jets;569
11.21.5;References;570
11.22;Stability of Magnetized Spine-Sheath Relativistic Jets;571
11.22.1;1 RMHD Spine-Sheath Simulations;571
11.22.2;References;573
11.23;Chemical Models of Hot Molecules at Shocks in Outflows;574
11.23.1;References;575
11.24;Survival of H2 and CO in MHD Disk Winds of Class 0, Class I and Class II Stars;576
11.24.1;1 Test Cases;576
11.24.2;2 Results;577
11.24.3;References;577
11.25;Three-Fluid Magnetohydrodynamics in Star Formation;578
11.25.1;1 Magneto-Hydrodynamic Equations and Momentum Transfer Rate Coefficients;579
11.25.2;References;580
11.26;Physical Conditions of the Shocked Regions of Planetary Nebulae;581
11.26.1;1 Introduction;581
11.26.2;2 Numerical Simulations and Results;582
11.26.3;References;582
11.27;The Jets of the Proto-Planetary Nebula CRL 618;583
11.27.1;1 Observations;583
11.27.2;2 Kinematical Properties;584
11.27.3;3 Emission Line Ratios and Excitation Conditions;584
11.27.4;References;584
11.28;The Formation of Filamentary Structures in Radiative Cluster Winds;585
11.28.1;1 Radiative Losses in a Cluster Wind;585
11.28.2;2 Conclusions;586
11.28.3;References;586
11.29;Hydrodynamic Modeling of Accretion Shock on CTTSs;587
11.29.1;References;589
11.30;MRI and Outflows: Angular Momentum Transport in Protoplanetary Disks;590
11.30.1;1 Formulation;590
11.30.2;2 Results;591
11.30.3;References;592
11.31;Analysis of the Central X-ray Source in DG Tau;593
11.31.1;References;595
11.32;Verification of Candidate Protostellar Outflows in GLIMPSE;596
11.32.1;1 Scientific Objective, Observations and Data Reduction ;596
11.32.2;2 Results and Discussion;597
11.32.3;References;598
11.33;Young Stellar Jets and Outflows in the Massive Star Forming Complex W5;599
11.33.1;1 Introduction;599
11.33.2;2 Observations;600
11.33.3;3 Conclusions;601
11.33.4;References;601
11.34;Water Masers and Radio Continuum Emission Tracing Thermal Radio Jets;602
11.34.1;1 Introduction;602
11.34.2;2 Results and Discussion;602
11.34.3;References;604
11.35;Effects of Flaring Activity on Dynamics of Accretion Disks in YSOs;605
11.35.1;1 Problem Statement;607
11.35.2;2 Results and Discussion;607
11.35.3;References;607
12;Index;608
13;A Color Figures;613