Tzfira / Citovsky Agrobacterium: From Biology to Biotechnology

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-72290-0
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 750 Seiten

Agrobacterium is a plant pathogen which causes the 'crown-gall' disease, a neoplastic growth that results from the transfer of a well-defined DNA segment ('transferred DNA', or 'T-DNA') from the bacterial Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid to the host cell, its integration into the host genome, and the expression of oncogenes contained on the T-DNA. The molecular machinery, needed for T-DNA generation and transport into the host cell and encoded by a series of chromosomal (chv) and Ti-plasmid virulence (vir) genes, has been the subject of numerous studies over the past several decades. Today, Agrobacterium is the tool of choice for plant genetic engineering with an ever expanding host range that includes many commercially important crops, flowers, and tree species. Furthermore, its recent application for the genetic transformation of non-plant species, from yeast to cultivated mushrooms and even to human cells, promises this bacterium a unique place in the future of biotechnological applications. The book is a comprehensive volume describing Agrobacterium's biology, interactions with host species, and uses for genetic engineering.

Dr. Tzvi Tzfira is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at the University of Michigan. Dr. Vitaly Citovsky is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at Stony Brook University.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tzfira, Tzvi

Citovsky, Vitaly

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contributing Authors;6
2;Table of Contents;11
3;Preface;27
4;Color Figures;29
5;Acknowledgments;30
6;AGROBACTERIUM: A DISEASE-CAUSING BACTERIUM;31
6.1;1 INTRODUCTION;32
6.2;2 AGROBACTERIUM HOST RANGE;34
6.3;3 DIVERSITY OF NATURAL ISOLATES;35
6.4;4 SOURCES OF INFECTION AND CONTROL OF CROWN GALL DISEASE;42
6.5;5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;56
6.6;6 REFERENCES;56
7;A BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS: 1900-1980s;77
7.1;1 INTRODUCTION;77
7.2;2 AGROBACTERIUM— THE PATHOGEN;79
7.3;3 A. TUMEFACIENS AS THE VECTOR OF CHOICE FOR PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING;89
7.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;94
7.5;5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;94
7.6;6 REFERENCES;95
8;AGROBACTERIUM AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY;103
8.1;1 INTRODUCTION;104
8.2;2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION;105
8.3;3 APPLICATIONS OF AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION;121
8.4;4 GENE FLOW AND MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO TRANSGENE CONTAINMENT/ MONITORING;143
8.5;5 GLOBAL STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;146
8.6;6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;152
8.7;7 REFERENCES;152
9;THE AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS C58 GENOME;178
9.1;1 INTRODUCTION;179
9.2;2 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE GENOME;179
9.3;3 THE LINEAR CHROMOSOME;181
9.4;4 PHYLOGENY AND WHOLE-GENOME COMPARISON;184
9.5;5 DNA REPLICATION AND THE CELL CYCLE;185
9.6;6 GENUS-SPECIFIC GENES;186
9.7;7 PLANT TRANSFORMATION AND TUMORIGENESIS;187
9.8;8 TRANSPORT;188
9.9;9 REGULATION;189
9.10;10 RESPONSE TO PLANT DEFENSES;191
9.11;11 GENERAL METABOLISM;192
9.12;12 CONCLUSIONS;195
9.13;13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;198
9.14;14 REFERENCES;198
10;AGROBACTERIUM— TAXONOMY OF PLANT- PATHOGENIC RHIZOBIUM SPECIES;211
10.1;1 INTRODUCTION;212
10.2;2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE— ORIGINS;213
10.3;3 AGROBACTERIUM—RHIZOBIUM RELATIONSHIPS;223
10.4;4 GENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIPS;224
10.5;5 PLASMID TRANSFER AND GENUS RECLASSIFICATION;227
10.6;6 DIVERSITY WITHIN RHIZOBIUM;228
10.7;7 REVISION OF AGROBACTERIUM NOMENCLATURE;232
10.8;8 RELATIONSHIP OF RHIZOBIUM TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE RHIZOBIACEAE;235
10.9;9 OTHER ‘ AGROBACTERIUM’ SPECIES;236
10.10;10 SUMMARY;237
10.11;11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;237
10.12;12 REFERENCES;238
11;THE INITIAL STEPS IN AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS PATHOGENESIS: CHEMICAL BIOLOGY OF HOST RECOGNITION;249
11.1;1 INTRODUCTION;250
11.2;2 SIGNAL DIVERSITY;251
11.3;3 SIGNAL RECOGNITION, INTEGRATION AND TRANSMISSION ;254
11.4;4 SUMMARY;264
11.5;5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;264
11.6;6 REFERENCES;264
12;AGROBACTERIUM-HOST ATTACHMENT AND BIOFILM FORMATION;270
12.1;1 INTRODUCTION;271
12.2;2 PRESUMPTIVE ADHERENCE FACTORS;274
12.3;3 PLANT RECEPTORS RECOGNIZED DURING A. TUMEFACIENS INFECTION;285
12.4;4 BIOFILM FORMATION BY A. TUMEFACIENS;286
12.5;5 A MODEL FOR ADHERENCE AND BIOFILM FORMATION;293
12.6;6 A WIDE RANGE OF SURFACE INTERACTIONS;294
12.7;7 CONCLUSIONS;295
12.8;8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;296
12.9;9 REFERENCES;296
13;PRODUCTION OF A MOBILE T-DNA BY AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS;305
13.1;1 INTRODUCTION;306
13.2;2 A. TUMEFACIENS—NATURE’S GENETIC ENGINEER;306
13.3;3 INTERKINGDOM GENE TRANSFER;307
13.4;4 VirD2 INTERACTS WITH HOST PROTEINS;320
13.5;5 T-DNA INTEGRATION;323
13.6;6 PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING;325
13.7;7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;327
13.8;8 REFERENCES;327
14;TRANSLOCATION OF ONCOGENIC T-DNA AND EFFECTOR PROTEINS TO PLANT CELLS;340
14.1;1 INTRODUCTION;341
14.2;2 A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW;341
14.3;3 A. TUMEFACIENS VIRB/D4 SECRETION SUBSTRATES;345
14.4;4 THE VIRB/D4 MACHINE;351
14.5;5 VIRB/D4 MACHINE ASSEMBLY AND SPATIAL POSITIONING;358
14.6;6 VIRB/D4 CHANNEL/PILUS ARCHITECTURE;364
14.7;7 T-DNA TRANSLOCATION ACROSS THE CELL ENVELOPE;366
14.8;8 THE AGROBACTERIUM – PLANT CELL INTERFACE;372
14.9;9 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES;375
14.10;10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;377
14.11;11 REFERENCES;377
15;INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT OF AGROBACTERIUM T- DNA;390
15.1;1 INTRODUCTION;390
15.2;2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE T-COMPLEX;392
15.3;3 CYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT;397
15.4;4 NUCLEAR IMPORT;399
15.5;5 INTRANUCLEAR MOVEMENT OF THE T-COMPLEX;406
15.6;6 FROM THE CYTOPLASM TO THE CHROMATIN: A MODEL FOR T- COMPLEX IMPORT;407
15.7;7 FUTURE PROSPECTS;409
15.8;8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;409
15.9;9 REFERENCES;410
16;MECHANISMS OF T-DNA INTEGRATION;420
16.1;1 INTRODUCTION;421
16.2;2 THE T-DNA MOLECULE;422
16.3;3 PROTEINS INVOLVED IN T-DNA INTEGRATION;423
16.4;4 GENOMIC ASPECTS OF T-DNA INTEGRATION/ TARGET- SITE SELECTION;433
16.5;5 MODELS FOR T-DNA INTEGRATION;445
16.6;6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS;453
16.7;7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;454
16.8;8 REFERENCES;454
17;AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION: PATTERNS OF T- DNA INTEGRATION INTO THE HOST GENOME;466
17.1;1 INTRODUCTION;467
17.2;2 T-DNA INTEGRATION MECHANISM: SUCCESSIVE STEPS LEADING TO STABLE INTEGRATION OF THE T- DNA INTO THE PLANT HOST GENOME;468
17.3;3 PATTERNS OF T-DNA INTEGRATION INTO THE HOST GENOME;483
17.4;4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;494
17.5;5 REFERENCES;494
18;FUNCTION OF HOST PROTEINS IN THE AGROBACTERIUM- MEDIATED PLANT TRANSFORMATION PROCESS;507
18.1;1 INTRODUCTION;508
18.2;2 A GENETIC BASIS EXISTS FOR HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION;509
18.3; 3 THE PLANT RESPONSE TO AGROBACTERIUM: STEPS IN THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS, AND PLANT GENES/ PROTEINS INVOLVED IN EACH OF THESE STEPS ;512
18.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;531
18.5;5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;532
18.6;6 REFERENCES;532
19;THE ONCOGENES OF AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS AND AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES;547
19.1;1 INTRODUCTION;548
19.2;2 THE A. TUMEFACIENS ONCOGENES;549
19.3;3 THE A. RHIZOGENES ONCOGENES;557
19.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;573
19.5;5 REFERENCES;574
20;BIOLOGY OF CROWN GALL TUMORS;588
20.1;1 INTRODUCTION;589
20.2;2 CROWN GALL VASCULARIZATION;590
20.3;3 ONCOGENE-INDUCED PHYTOHORMONE CASCADE;593
20.4;4 ENHANCEMENT OF WATER AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT;602
20.5;5 KINETICS AND FUNCTION OF THE SUGAR-CLEAVING ENZYMES SUCROSE SYNTHASE, ACID CELL WALL AND VACUOLAR INVERTASE;607
20.6;6 CONCLUSIONS;607
20.7;7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;608
20.8;8 REFERENCES;608
21;THE CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS;615
21.1;1 INTRODUCTION;616
21.2;2 A MODEL OF QUORUM SENSING IN A. TUMEFACIENS;617
21.3;3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION STUDIES OF TRAR;625
21.4;4 TRAR IN TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION;630
21.5;5 QUORUM SENSING IN TUMOURS AND INFECTED PLANTS;635
21.6;6 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS;636
21.7;7 REFERENCES;637
22;HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER;645
22.1;1 INTRODUCTION;646
22.2;2 FOOTPRINT OF HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER FROM AGROBACTERIUM TO TOBACCO PLANTS;646
22.3;3 Other CT-DNAs;656
22.4;4 GENETIC TUMORS;657
22.5;5 ADVANTAGE OF CT-DNA AND CREATION OF NEW SPECIES;661
22.6;6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;664
22.7;7 REFERENCES;664
23;AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF NON- PLANT ORGANISMS;670
23.1;1 INTRODUCTION;671
23.2;2 NON-PLANT ORGANISMS TRANSFORMED BY AGROBACTERIUM;673
23.3;3 EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF NON- PLANT ORGANISMS;677
23.4;4 ROLE OF VIRULENCE PROTEINS IN THE AGROBACTERIUM- MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF NON- PLANT ORGANISMS;679
23.5;5 TARGETED INTEGRATION OF T-DNA;680
23.6;6 PROTEIN TRANSFER FROM AGROBACTERIUM TO NON- PLANT HOSTS;685
23.7;7 PROSPECTS;685
23.8;8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;687
23.9;9 REFERENCES;687
24;THE BIOETHICS AND BIOSAFETY OF GENE TRANSFER;697
24.1;1 INTRODUCTION;698
24.2;2 WHICH RISKS ARE RELEVANT?;705
24.3;3 CONCERNS BEYOND RISK ASSESSMENT;709
24.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;714
24.5;5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;715
24.6;6 REFERENCES;715
25;AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER: A LAWYER’S PERSPECTIVE;718
25.1;1 INTRODUCTION -WHY SHOULD A SCIENTIST CARE ABOUT A LAWYER’S VIEW OF AGROBACTERIUM?;719
25.2;2 SOME BASICS ABOUT PATENTS;728
25.3;3 AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION AND PATENT LAW;732
25.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;751
25.5;5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;752
25.6;6 REFERENCES;752
26;Index;755