Uhlig / Farber / Bair The Office of the Future

Communication and Computers
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5772-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 394 Seiten, Web PDF

Monograph Series of the International Council for Computer Communications, Volume 1: The Office of the Future: Communication and Computers focuses on the advancements in the processes, technologies, techniques, principles, and approaches involved in communication and computers, including computer based tools, data gathering and information retrieval, and office automation. The publication first elaborates on the automated office of the future, tools to support the communication activity, and text editing tools for generating, organizing, analyzing, and transforming information. Discussions focus on generating, organizing, and analyzing information, basic message system concepts, impact of computer networks, and other processes in the office. The text then examines the integration of computer based tools, data gathering and information retrieval tools, coordination tools in the office of the future, and tools to support office processes. The manuscript ponders on the integration of the spoken word with interactive computer based office support systems, underlying technology, digital channel, and software aspects of the office environment utilizing the micro-processor. Topics include single board computer, advances in digital computer communications technology, future directions for digital networks, bandwidth availability, and storage and retrieval of voice information. The book is a dependable source of data for computer science experts and researchers interested in the relationship of communication and computers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Uhlig, Ronald P.

Farber, David J.

Bair, James H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Office of the Future: Communication and Computers;4
3;Copyrihgt Page;5
4;Table of Contents;14
5;PREFACE;10
6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;8
7;INTRODUCTION;6
8;PART I: USES OF COMPUTERS IN THE OFFICE OF THE FUTURE;18
8.1;Chapter I.1 Introduction;18
8.1.1;The Personal Computer;18
8.1.2;The Information Explosion and Office Productivity;20
8.2;Chapter I.2 - The Automated Office of the Future;28
8.2.1;Functions of the Office and Office Workers;28
8.2.2;Activities Comprising the Planning Process;30
8.2.3;Other Processes in the Office;34
8.2.4;Definition of the Automated Office;35
8.3;Chapter I.3 - Tools to Support the Communication Activity;38
8.3.1;Introduction;38
8.3.2;Basic Message System Concepts;38
8.3.3;Existing Computer Based Message Systems;40
8.3.4;The Impact of Computer Networks;45
8.3.5;Potential Problem Areas;55
8.4;Chapter I. 4 - Text Editing Tools For Generating, Organizing, Analyzing and Transforming Information;61
8.4.1;Generating Information;61
8.4.2;Organizing Information;64
8.4.3;Analyzing Information;68
8.4.4;Transforming Information;75
8.4.5;The Problem of "Hard-Copy" Information;78
8.5;Chapter I.5 - The Integration of Computer Based Tools;80
8.5.1;The Importance of Networks;80
8.5.2;Interfaces to Distributed Tools;81
8.5.3;The Problem of Grammar;82
8.5.4;One Approach to the Grammar Problem;83
8.5.5;Development of Standard Grammars;89
8.5.6;Personalizing the User Interaction;90
8.5.7;An Approach to Personalizing the Interaction;91
8.5.8;Problems That Accompany Personalization;95
8.6;Chapter I.6 - Data Gathering and Information Retrieval Tools;98
8.6.1;Data Gathering by Electronic "Forms";98
8.6.2;Retrieval Tools;101
8.7;Chapter I.7 - Coordination Tools in the Office of the Future;104
8.7.1;Real Time Coordination;104
8.7.2;Non-Real-Time Coordination Tools;105
8.7.3;Intra - Organizational Coordination Tools;106
8.7.4;Scheduling Tools;109
8.7.5;Distributed ''Meetings'';110
8.7.6;Computer Conferencing;112
8.7.7;Definition Of A Conference;112
8.7.8;Examples Of Computer Conferencing Systems;115
8.7.9;Capabilities of Computer Conferencing Systems;116
8.7.10;Some Potential Problems of Computer Conferences;120
8.8;Chapter I.8 - Tools to Support Office Processes;122
8.8.1;Planning Tools;122
8.8.2;Business Programming Tools;123
8.8.3;Budgeting Tools;123
8.8.4;Other Tools to Support Office Processes;124
8.9;Chapter I.9 - Organization To Implement Interactive Computer Based Office Support Systems;126
8.9.1;Functions Which Must Be Performed - The Wholesale Function;127
8.9.2;Functions Which Must Be Performed - The Retail Function;128
8.10;Chapter I.10 - Integration of the Spoken Word With Interactive Computer Based Office Support Systems;130
8.10.1;Storage And Retrieval Of Voice Information;131
8.10.2;Voice Information In On-Line "Documents";132
8.10.3;The Convergence of Voice And Computer Conferencing;134
8.10.4;Voice Input;135
8.10.5;References;138
9;PART II: TECHNOLOGICAL IMPERATIVES;144
9.1;Chapter II. 1 - Underlying Technology;144
9.1.1;Introduction;144
9.1.2;General Background;144
9.1.3;Underlying Technology;145
9.1.4;Large Scale Integration;147
9.1.5;The Mechanics of Large Scale Integration;150
9.1.6;The Economics of Volume Production;155
9.1.7;Storage Systems;157
9.1.8;The CCD vs. the Bubble;157
9.1.9;The Floppy Disk;159
9.1.10;Input/Output Systems;160
9.2;Chapter II. 2 - The Revolution - Communications;164
9.2.1;Introduction;164
9.2.2;Communications Technology - National and International;165
9.2.3;Local Communications;166
9.2.4;Summary;167
9.2.5;Total Systems;167
9.2.6;The Future;167
9.2.7;Future Shock;168
9.3;Chapter II. 3 - The Case for Distributed Processing;170
9.3.1;Why Aren't Microcomputers A Perfect Substitute For Large Interconnected Computers?;170
9.3.2;Data Processing Begets Data Processing;171
9.3.3;The Industrial Response to All This and Its Problems;173
9.4;Chapter II.4 - The Digital Channel - the Evolving Choice for Communications;180
9.4.1;Switching;181
9.4.2;Advances in Digital Computer Communications Technology;182
9.4.3;Bandwidth Availability;182
9.4.4;Statistical Multiplexing;183
9.4.5;Spatial Multiplexing - Packet Switching;184
9.4.6;Future Directions for Digital Networks;185
9.5;Chapter II. 5 - Software Aspects of the Office Environment Utilizing the Micro -processor;186
9.5.1;Introduction;186
9.5.2;The Computer on a Chip;186
9.5.3;The Single Board Computer;186
9.5.4;Necessary Tools;188
9.6;Chapter II. 6 - Distributed Processing;190
9.6.1;Introduction;190
9.6.2;An Informal Definition;191
9.6.3;A Model of Distributed Processing;192
9.6.4;Program to Program Communications;196
9.6.5;Architectural Alternatives;198
9.7;Chapter II. 7 - Distributed Data Bases;216
9.7.1;Introduction;216
9.7.2;Definitions;217
9.7.3;Management;217
9.7.4;Reliability;219
9.8;Chapter II.8 - An Overview Of Two Systems - - One of the Recent Past, One of the Future;222
9.8.1;Overview;222
9.8.2;The Distributed Computer System (DCS);222
9.8.3;Failure Detection And Recovery In The DCS;226
9.8.4;The Modular Office System (MOS);228
9.8.5;The MOS Terminal;229
9.8.6;Cluster Organization;230
9.8.7;Operational Overview;231
9.8.8;The MOS Communications Section;232
9.8.9;Arrival Of Messages;236
9.8.10;References and Additional Readings;239
10;PART III: THE IMPACT OF OFFICE AUTOMATION;244
10.1;Chapter III. 1 - Lntroduction;244
10.1.1;Organization of Part III;244
10.1.2;The Office as a Complex Communication System;246
10.2;Chapter III.2 - A Strategy for the Implementation of Office Automation Systems;256
10.2.1;1. Select the Facilitator;259
10.2.2;2. Determine Organizational Readiness;260
10.2.3;3. Select the Core User Group;260
10.2.4;4. Identify the Initial Application;261
10.2.5;5. System Selection;261
10.2.6;6. Begin Technology Transfer;261
10.2.7;7. Evolve the Applications;262
10.3;Chapter III.3 - Methods of Assessment and of Understanding Impact;274
10.3.1;Review of Previous Work;274
10.3.2;The Recommended Approach;277
10.3.3;Levels of Performance and Evaluation;277
10.3.4;Describing the Organizational Communication System;282
10.3.5;Assessment Methods;290
10.4;Chapter III. 4 - Impacts on the Organization;300
10.4.1;The Four Areas of Impact: Society, Organizations, Groups, and Individuals;301
10.4.2;Types of Organizational Impacts;304
10.4.3;1. Process Substitution Impacts;307
10.4.4;2. Process Acceleration Impacts;317
10.4.5;3. Timing Impacts;322
10.4.6;4. Control Impacts;330
10.4.7;5. Qualitative Impacts;338
10.5;Chapter III. 5 - Impacts on Groups;346
10.5.1;Organizations versus Groups;346
10.5.2;Group Communication;347
10.5.3;Group Dynamics;349
10.6;Chapter III. 6 - Impacts on the Individual;352
10.6.1;Intellectual Support;352
10.6.2;Personal assistant;355
10.6.3;Work Discipline;356
10.6.4;Media Homogeneity;357
10.6.5;Dependency and Stress;357
10.6.6;Individual Customization;359
10.7;Chapter III 7 - Economic Payoffs: the Productivity Question;360
10.7.1;Background;360
10.7.2;Potential Payoff - Benefit Areas;362
10.7.3;Leverage of Payoff - Benefit Area Based on Labor Costs;365
10.7.4;Leverage Based Upon Daily Activities;367
10.7.5;Costs of Communication Technology;376
10.7.6;Current Limitations to the Use of Office Automation Technology;379
10.7.7;Payoffs and Benefits from other Applications;381
10.8;Chapter III. 8 - Conclusion: A Recommendation;386
10.8.1;References;389