Ulman An Introduction to Ultrathin Organic Films

From Langmuir--Blodgett to Self--Assembly
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-0-08-092631-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 442 Seiten, Web PDF

The development of oriented organic monomolecular layers by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and self-assembly (SA) techniques has led researchers toward their goal of assembling individual molecules into highly ordered architectures. Thus the continually growing contribution of LB and SA systems to the chemistry and physics of thin organic films is widely recognized. Equally well-known is the difficulty in keeping up to date with the burgeoning multidisciplinary research in this area. Dr. Ulman provides a massive survey of the available literature. The book begins with a section on analytical tools to broaden the understanding of the structure and properties of monolayers and films. Following sections discuss LB films, the preparation and properties of SA monolayers and films, the modeling of LB and SA monolayers, and the application of LB and SA films.

Zielgruppe

Adult: General. Academic/professional/technical: Undergraduate. Academic/professional/technical: Postgraduate

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ulman, Abraham

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;An Introduction to Ultrathin Organic Films: From Langmuir—Blodgett to Self-Assembly;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Dedication;6
6;Preface;16
7;Acknowledgements;20
8;Suggestions for Further Reading;22
9;PART ONE: ANALYTICAL TOOLS;26
10;1.1. Analysis of Film Properties;27
11;1. Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Spectroscopy;31
12;2. Grazing-Angle Spectroscopy;37
12.1;C. Raman Spectroscopy;43
12.2;D. Surface Potential;46
12.3;E. Surface Viscosity;54
12.4;F. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR);58
12.5;G. X-ray Diffraction;60
12.6;H. Electron Diffraction;66
12.7;I. Neutron Diffraction;69
12.8;J. High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy;70
13;1.2. Analysis of Surface Properties;73
13.1;A. Contact Angles and Surface Tension;73
13.2;B. Surface Second-Harmonic Generation;83
13.3;C. Low-Energy Helium Diffraction;86
13.4;D. Optical Microscopy;88
13.5;E. Fluorescence Microscopy;89
13.6;F. Electron Microscopy;90
13.7;G. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy;93
13.8;H. Atomic Force Microscopy;97
13.9;I. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy;98
13.10;J. Surface Plasmon Microscopy;99
13.11;K. Auger Electron Spectroscopy;102
13.12;L. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;102
13.13;M. Surface Ionization Mass Spectroscopy;106
13.14;References;108
14;PART TWO: LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS;126
15;2.1. Preparation Methods;127
15.1;A. The Trough;127
15.2;B. Experimental Considerations in the Preparation of LB films . . .;132
15.3;C. What Is the Amphiphile?;136
15.4;D. The Pressure-Area Isotherm;138
15.5;E. Film Transfer;140
15.6;F. Monolayers at the Water-Oil Interface;155
16;2.2. Thermal Stability of LB Films;158
16.1;A. Order-Disorder Transitions;158
16.2;B. Monolayer Desorption;167
17;2.3. The Structure of Hydrocarbon LB Films;168
17.1;A. Structure at the Water-Air Interface;168
17.2;B. LB Films on Solid Substrates;171
18;2.4. LB Films of Fluorocarbon Amphiphiles;175
19;2.5. LB Films Containing Ionophores;176
20;2.6. LB Films of Liquid-Crystal Compounds;179
21;2.7. LB Films of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines;184
21.1;A. LB Films of Porphyrins;186
21.2;B. LB Films of Phthalocyanines;192
22;2.8. Polymeric LB Films;201
22.1;A. Polymerizable LB Films;202
22.2;B. LB Films of Preformed Polymers;216
23;2.9. LB Films of Phospholipids;229
24;2.10. Energy Transfer in LB Films;235
24.1;References;244
25;PART THREE: SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;262
26;3.1. Monolayers of Fatty Acids;264
27;3.2. Monolayers of Organosilicon Derivatives;270
27.1;A. Self-Assembled Monolayers and Multilayers: Methodology;270
27.2;B. Kinetics of Formation of Alkyltrichlorosilane Monolayers;276
27.3;C. Stability of Self-Assembled Monolayers;279
27.4;D. Structural Issues of Self-Assembled Monolayers;281
27.5;E. Self-Assembled Monolayers That Contain Aromatic Groups;286
27.6;F. Formation of Multilayers by Self-Assembly;294
28;3.3. Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Gold;304
28.1;A. Kinetics of Formation of Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Gold;306
28.2;B. The Effect of Chain Length on Monolayer Formation;308
28.3;C. Solvent Effects on Monolayer Formation;311
28.4;D. The Structure of Alkanethiol Monolayers on Gold;313
28.5;E. FTIR Studies of Alkanethiol Monolayers on Gold and Silver;317
29;3.4. Formation of Double Layers on Gold;322
30;3.5. Orthogonal Self-Assembled Monolayers;323
31;3.6. Concluding Remarks;325
31.1;References;326
32;PART FOUR: MODELING OF MONOLAYERS;330
33;4.1. General Considerations;330
33.1;A. Energy Minimizations;332
33.2;B. Simulations at Finite Temperatures;333
33.3;C. The Choice of a Force Field and Calculations of Its Parameters;334
33.4;D. Determination of Partial Atomic Charges;336
34;4.2. Molecular Mechanics;338
34.1;A. Simple Alkanethiol Monolayers;338
34.2;Â. Alkanethiol Monolayers Containing a Polar Aromatic Group;342
35;4.3. Dynamics Simulations of Monolayers;343
35.1;A. Molecular Dynamics;343
35.2;B. Brownian Dynamics;355
35.3;References;360
36;PART FIVE: APPLICATIONS OF LB AND SA FILMS;364
37;5.1. Nonlinear Optics;364
37.1;A. Background;364
37.2;B. Monolayers and Films with Nonlinear Optical Properties;373
38;5.2. LB Films in Piezoelectric Devices;388
39;5.3. LB Films in Pyroelectric Devices;390
40;5.4. Electrical Properties of Monolayers;392
40.1;A. Dielectric Properties and Breakdown;392
40.2;Â. Conduction through LB Films;393
40.3;C. Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Photoconductivity;397
41;5.5. Chromic Effects in LB Films;410
41.1;A. Electrochromic LB Films;410
41.2;B. Thermochromic LB Films;411
41.3;C. Photochromic LB Films;412
42;5.6. LB Films as Semiconductors;415
43;5.7. LB Films in Resist Applications;416
44;5.8. LB Films in Sensors;417
44.1;A. Field Effect Devices;417
44.2;B. Optical Sensors;419
44.3;C. Biosensors;421
45;5.9. Gas Penetration Properties of Monolayers;424
46;5.10. Tribology of LB and SA Films;425
46.1;References;427
47;AUTHOR'S FINAL NOTE;440
48;INDEX;450