Vieux Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS

3rd Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-94-024-0930-7
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 74, 270 Seiten

Reihe: Water Science and Technology Library

This book presents a unified approach for modeling hydrologic processes distributed in space and time using geographic information systems (GIS). This Third Edition focuses on the principles of implementing a distributed model using geospatial data to simulate hydrologic processes in urban, rural and peri-urban watersheds. The author describes fully distributed representations of hydrologic processes, where physics is the basis for modeling, and geospatial data forms the cornerstone of parameter and process representation. A physics-based approach involves conservation laws that govern the movement of water, ranging from precipitation over a river basin to flow in a river.  Global geospatial data have become readily available in GIS format, and a modeling approach that can utilize this data for hydrology offers numerous possibilities. GIS data formats, spatial interpolation and resolution have important effects on the hydrologic simulation of the major hydrologic components of a watershed, and the book provides examples illustrating how to represent a watershed with spatially distributed data along with the many pitfalls inherent in such an undertaking. Since the First and Second Editions, software development and applications have created a richer set of examples, and a deeper understanding of how to perform distributed hydrologic analysis and prediction. This Third Edition describes the development of geospatial data for use in Vflo® physics-based distributed modeling.  

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vieux, Baxter E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;7
2;Preface;9
3;Acknowledgments;11
4;Contents;12
5;1 Introduction to Physics-Based Distributed Hydrology;16
5.1;Abstract;16
5.2;1.1 Introduction;16
5.3;1.2 Model Classification;18
5.4;1.3 Geospatial Data for Hydrology;24
5.5;1.4 Surface Generation;25
5.6;1.5 Spatial Resolution and Information Content;26
5.7;1.6 Infiltration;26
5.8;1.7 Hydraulic Roughness;27
5.9;1.8 Watersheds and Drainage Networks;28
5.10;1.9 Distributed Precipitation Estimation;28
5.11;1.10 Surface Runoff Model Formulation;29
5.12;1.11 Distributed Model Calibration;31
5.13;1.12 Case Studies in Distributed Hydrology;31
5.14;1.13 Vflo®—Software for Distributed Hydrology;32
5.15;1.14 Summary;32
5.16;References;33
6;2 Geospatial Data for Hydrology;35
6.1;Abstract;35
6.2;2.1 Introduction;35
6.3;2.2 Map Scale and Spatial Detail;36
6.4;2.3 Georeferenced Coordinate Systems;37
6.5;2.4 Map Projections;39
6.6;2.5 Data Representation;43
6.6.1;2.5.1 Metadata;43
6.6.2;2.5.2 Topographic Representation;44
6.6.2.1;2.5.2.1 Contour;45
6.6.2.2;2.5.2.2 Raster;45
6.6.2.3;2.5.2.3 Triangular Irregular Network;47
6.7;2.6 Watershed Delineation;49
6.7.1;2.6.1 Algorithms for Delineating Watersheds;50
6.7.2;2.6.2 Problems with Flat Areas;51
6.8;2.7 Soil Classification;52
6.9;2.8 Land Use/Cover Classification;54
6.10;2.9 Summary;55
6.11;References;55
7;3 Surface Generation;57
7.1;Abstract;57
7.2;3.1 Introduction;57
7.3;3.2 Interpolation;58
7.3.1;3.2.1 Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation;60
7.3.2;3.2.2 Kriging;62
7.3.3;3.2.3 Spline;68
7.3.3.1;3.2.3.1 Generalizations of Splines;71
7.3.3.2;3.2.3.2 Example of Surface Interpolation;73
7.4;3.3 Summary;75
7.5;References;76
8;4 Spatial Variability Measuring Information Content;78
8.1;Abstract;78
8.2;4.1 Introduction;78
8.3;4.2 Information Content;84
8.4;4.3 Fractal Interpretation;86
8.5;4.4 DEM Resolution Effects;88
8.6;4.5 Summary;93
8.7;References;94
9;5 Infiltration;96
9.1;Abstract;96
9.2;5.1 Introduction;96
9.3;5.2 Approaches to Infiltration Modeling;98
9.4;5.3 Green-Ampt Infiltration;102
9.4.1;5.3.1 Parameter Estimation;103
9.4.2;5.3.2 Parameter Uncertainty;107
9.5;5.4 Summary;109
9.6;References;110
10;6 Hydraulic Roughness;113
10.1;Abstract;113
10.2;6.1 Introduction;113
10.3;6.2 Hydraulics of Surface Runoff;115
10.4;6.3 Watershed Applications;120
10.5;6.4 Summary;124
10.6;References;125
11;7 Watersheds and Drainage Networks;127
11.1;Abstract;127
11.2;7.1 Introduction;127
11.3;7.2 Drainage Network Extraction;128
11.3.1;7.2.1 Sensitivity to Drainage Network Composition;132
11.3.2;7.2.2 Resolution-Dependent Effects;135
11.3.3;7.2.3 Constraining Drainage Direction;138
11.4;7.3 Summary;140
11.5;References;142
12;8 Distributed Precipitation Estimation;144
12.1;Abstract;144
12.2;8.1 Introduction;144
12.3;8.2 Rain Gauge Estimation of Rainfall;144
12.4;8.3 Radar Estimation of Precipitation;153
12.4.1;8.3.1 Rainfall Drop Size Distributions;155
12.4.2;8.3.2 Z-R Relationships;157
12.4.3;8.3.3 Radar Power Differences;159
12.4.4;8.3.4 Radar Bias Adjustment;160
12.4.5;8.3.5 WSR-88D Radar Characteristics;163
12.4.6;8.3.6 WSR-88D Precipitation Processing Stream;165
12.5;8.4 Input for Hydrologic Modeling;168
12.6;8.5 Summary;171
12.7;References;172
13;9 Surface Runoff Model Formulation;175
13.1;Abstract;175
13.2;9.1 Introduction;175
13.3;9.2 Mathematical Formulation;179
13.3.1;9.2.1 Numerical Solution;181
13.3.2;9.2.2 Grid Resolution Effects;183
13.4;9.3 Surface Runoff Modeling Example;183
13.5;9.4 Time-Dependent Solution;187
13.6;9.5 Rainfall Excess Determination;187
13.7;9.6 Subsurface Flow;189
13.8;9.7 Subsurface and Surface Water Balance;192
13.9;9.8 Summary;194
13.10;References;194
14;10 Distributed Model Calibration;198
14.1;Abstract;198
14.2;10.1 Introduction;198
14.3;10.2 Calibration Approach;200
14.4;10.3 Distributed Model Calibration;202
14.4.1;10.3.1 Parameter Adjustment;203
14.4.2;10.3.2 Cost Functions;206
14.5;10.4 Parameter Search Algorithms;210
14.5.1;10.4.1 Forward Model;211
14.5.2;10.4.2 Inverse Model;211
14.6;10.5 Calibration Example;214
14.7;10.6 Summary;215
14.8;References;216
15;11 Case Studies in Distributed Hydrology;219
15.1;Abstract;219
15.2;11.1 Introduction;219
15.3;11.2 Case Study I—Reservoir Inflow Forecasting;220
15.3.1;11.2.1 Hydrometeorological System;222
15.3.2;11.2.2 Model Parameter Adjustment;224
15.4;11.3 Case Study II—Urban Flood Forecasting;225
15.4.1;11.3.1 Basin Characteristics;226
15.5;11.4 Case Study III—Climate Change Impact Assessment;228
15.5.1;11.4.1 Precipitation Inputs;229
15.5.2;11.4.2 Potential Evapotranspiration;229
15.5.3;11.4.3 Hydrologic Modeling ‘As-If’ Climate Has Changed;230
15.5.4;11.4.4 Historic Period Calibration;232
15.5.5;11.4.5 Climate Change Perturbation;234
15.5.6;11.4.6 Hydrologic Analysis;238
15.6;11.5 Summary;240
15.7;References;241
16;12 Vflo®—Software for Distributed Hydrology;243
16.1;Abstract;243
16.2;12.1 Introduction;243
16.3;12.2 Building Watershed Models;246
16.4;12.3 Precipitation Input;246
16.4.1;12.3.1 Design Storm Analysis;246
16.4.2;12.3.2 Continuous Simulation;249
16.5;12.4 Pipes Extension;253
16.6;12.5 Inundation Analyst;253
16.7;12.6 Model Feature Summary;255
16.7.1;12.6.1 Cell Types;257
16.7.2;12.6.2 Network Statistics;258
16.7.3;12.6.3 Channel Routing;261
16.7.4;12.6.4 Baseflow;261
16.7.5;12.6.5 Infiltration;262
16.7.6;12.6.6 Precipitation Input Format;262
16.7.7;12.6.7 Calibration;263
16.8;12.7 Vflo® Real-time;264
16.9;12.8 Data Requirements;265
16.10;12.9 Summary;266
16.11;References;266
17;Index;269