Vilminot / Nass / Schmidt Eurogel '91

Progress in Research and Development of Processes and Products from Sols and Gels
1. Auflage 1992
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9131-4
Verlag: Elsevier Book Series
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 490 Seiten

Eurogel '91 is the second conference to report on the developments in research and technology of European laboratories and industry. The volume focuses on the scientific and technological progress in the field, as well as providing a global overview of the latest developments. The fifty presented papers report on many new themes and research groups.
Expansion in the utilization of the sol-gel process for new products and processes is developing steadily. Application requires an interdisciplinary effort beginning with application orientated fundamental research and ending up with engineering and technology. This interdisciplinary contact can be enhanced by closer cooperation between research and industry. In particular, potential users of innovative materials should become more aware of the possibilities connected with sol-gel technologies. At present the sol-gel process is considered as one of the most important technologies for developing innovative glasses, ceramics and composites. The contributions in this volume will be of interest to all those who are involved in the development potential of industrial and market needs.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vilminot, S.

Nass, R.

Schmidt, H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Eurogel '91: Progress in Research and Development of Processes and Products from Sols and Gels;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;10
5;Preface
;6
6;Acknowledgements;7
7;EUROGEL '91 Eurogel '91 Advisory Committee;8
8;PART I: Invited Lectures Survey over the State of the Art of Sol-Gel Activities;18
8.1;Chapter 1. SOL-GEL ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, A 1991 PERSPECTIVE;20
8.1.1;Abstract;20
8.1.2;I. INTRODUCTION;20
8.1.3;II. BULK GLASSES (MONOLITHST);21
8.1.4;III. FILMS AND COATINGS;25
8.1.5;IV. CONCLUDING DISCUSSION;30
8.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;31
8.1.7;REFERENCES;31
8.2;Chapter 2. Sol-gel processing of advanced ceramics by molecular level designing;36
8.2.1;Abstract;36
8.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;36
8.2.3;2. SOL-GEL PROCESSING WITH METALLO-ORGANICS;39
8.2.4;3. FUNCTIONAL CERAMICS THROUGH SOLUTION PROCESS;41
8.2.5;4. CONCLUSION;51
8.2.6;5. REFERENCES;52
8.2.7;Acknowledgement;52
8.3;Chapter 3. GLASS RESEARCH AND FIBER DRAWING BY SOL-GEL PROCESSES IN JAPAN;54
8.3.1;Abstract;54
8.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;54
8.3.3;2. GLASS RESEARCH IN JAPAN;54
8.3.4;3. SOL-GEL FIBER DRAWINGS IN JAPAN;56
8.3.5;4. APPLICATIONS OF SOL-GEL FIBER DRAWINGS IN JAPAN;60
8.3.6;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;65
8.3.7;6. REFERENCES;65
8.4;Chapter 4. Scientific fields and practical applications of sol-gel techniques in the Soviet Union;68
8.4.1;Abstract;68
8.4.2;1. THE TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH-PURE OXIDES FOR SILICA AND OPTICAL GLASSES;68
8.4.3;2. THE PRODUCTION OF THIN SOL-GEL COATINGS;74
8.4.4;3. THE PRODUCTION OF MONOLITHIC GELS;76
8.4.5;4. THE MANUFACTURING OF FIBERS;77
8.4.6;5. MANUFACTURING OF THE POLYPHOSPHATE COMPOSITIONS;78
8.4.7;6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;80
8.4.8;7. REFERENCES;80
8.5;Chapter 5. Survey over the State of the Art in the Field of Processing of Inorganic-Organic Composite Materials;82
8.5.1;Abstract;82
8.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;82
8.5.3;2. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS;82
8.5.4;3. SELECTED EXAMPLES;85
8.5.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;89
8.5.6;5. REFERENCES;89
9;PART II: Precursor Chemistry;92
9.1;Chapter 6. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROSILSESQUIOXANE GELS UNDER ARGON;94
9.1.1;Abstract;94
9.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION
;94
9.1.3;2. PYROLYSIS OF HSiO3/2;95
9.1.4;3. REDISTRIBUTION REACTIONS IN THE SOLID STATE;99
9.1.5;3. CONCLUSION;101
9.1.6;References;101
9.2;Chapter 7. Influence of synthesis route on the structure of porous silicas;102
9.2.1;Abstract;102
9.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;103
9.2.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;103
9.2.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;105
9.2.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;108
9.2.6;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;109
9.2.7;6. REFERENCES;109
9.3;Chapter 8. HETEROMETALLIC ALKOXIDES AS PRECURSORS TO MULTICOMPONENT OXIDES: SOME EXAMPLES BASED ON PB-NB AND CD-NB SYSTEMS;110
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;110
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;110
9.3.3;EXPERIMENTAL;111
9.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;111
9.3.5;CONCLUSION;117
9.3.6;REFERENCES;117
10;PART III: Coatings;118
10.1;Chapter 9. Preparation of Catalysts on a Ceramic Substrate by Sol/Gel-Technology;120
10.1.1;Abstract;120
10.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;120
10.1.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;122
10.1.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;124
10.1.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;127
10.1.6;5. REFERENCES;127
10.2;Chapter 10. Synthesis and characterization of RuO2-TiO2 catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method: a preliminary study;128
10.2.1;Abstract;128
10.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;128
10.2.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;129
10.2.4;3. RESULTS;130
10.2.5;4. DISCUSSION;134
10.2.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;135
10.2.7;Acknowledgements;135
10.2.8;6. REFERENCES;136
10.3;Chapter 11. PATTERNABLE INORGANIC-ORGANIC COPOLYMERS (ORMOCERS);138
10.3.1;Abstract;138
10.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;138
10.3.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;139
10.3.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;140
10.3.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;145
10.3.6;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;145
10.3.7;6. REFERENCES;145
10.4;Chapter 12. Optical coatings based on transition metal oxide gels;148
10.4.1;Abstract;148
10.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;148
10.4.3;2. MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF METAL ALKOXIDES;149
10.4.4;3. ELECTROCHROMIC LAYERS;150
10.4.5;4. LUMINESCENT TMO GELS;152
10.4.6;5. ORGANIC DYES IN SOL-GEL MATRICES;152
10.4.7;6. CONCLUSION;154
10.4.8;REFERENCES;155
10.5;Chapter 13. PREPARATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING THICK FILMS USING SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGY;158
10.5.1;Abstract;158
10.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;158
10.5.3;2. MATERIALS PROCESSING;159
10.5.4;3. SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF THE YBCO-FILMS;163
10.5.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;163
10.5.6;5. REFERENCES;164
11;PART IV: Porous Materials and Composites;166
11.1;Chapter 14. Alcoholic Fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trapped in SiO2 Films;168
11.1.1;Abstract;168
11.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;168
11.1.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;169
11.1.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;170
11.1.5;REFERENCES;173
11.2;Chapter 15. Preparation of Nanoaggregate-doped Xerogels;176
11.2.1;Abstract;176
11.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;176
11.2.3;2. SILVER NANOAGGREGATES IN ALUMINO-SILICA GELS;177
11.2.4;3. CdS NANOAGGREGATES IN ALUMINO-SILICA GELS;179
11.2.5;4. CONCLUSION;182
11.2.6;5. REFERENCES;183
11.3;Chapter 16. Oncoming developments on sol-gel derived membranes;184
11.3.1;Abstract;184
11.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;184
11.3.3;2. SOL-GEL DERIVED MEMBRANES;185
11.3.4;3. NANOSTRUCTURES AND INORGANIC MEMBRANES;187
11.3.5;4. CONCLUSION;191
11.3.6;5. REFERENCES;191
11.4;Chapter 17. THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF Sn-Si-O GELS. Part 1. SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES AND INITIAL CHARACTERISATION;192
11.4.1;Abstract;192
11.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;192
11.4.3;2. TOWARDS RATIONAL SYNTHESIS?;193
11.4.4;3. OXIDE PARTICULATE CROSS-LINKING: THE TREATMENT OF TIN(IV) OXIDE GEL WITH METHYLCHLOROSILANES;195
11.4.5;4. PREPARATION OF NEW MATERIALS;196
11.4.6;5. INFRARED AND NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA;196
11.4.7;6. SOLID-STATE MAS-NMR SPECTRA;198
11.4.8;7. SURFACE AREA MEASUREMENTS;200
11.4.9;8. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDIES;200
11.4.10;9. CONCLUSIONS;201
11.4.11;References;201
11.5;Chapter 18. THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF Sn-Si-O GELS. Part 2. THE EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT;204
11.5.1;Abstract;204
11.5.2;Introduction;204
11.5.3;Thermal Analysis (TGA and DTA);205
11.5.4;Electron Microscopy and Surface Area Measurements;206
11.5.5;Infrared and Near Infrared Studies of the 3:1. 1:1 and 1:3 Sn-Si-O Gels;208
11.5.6;Conclusions;211
11.5.7;References;211
11.6;Chapter 19. Preparation of alumina aerogel and application to support of combustion catalyst;212
11.6.1;Abstract;212
11.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;212
11.6.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;213
11.6.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;214
11.6.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;218
11.6.6;5. REFERENCES;218
11.7;Chapter 20. STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL EVOLUTION OF PARTIALLY DENSIFIED AEROGEL DURING THE AEROGEL - GLASS PROCESS;220
11.7.1;Abstract;220
11.7.2;1 - INTRODUCTION;220
11.7.3;2 - PRINCIPLE OF THE P.D.A. PROCESS;221
11.7.4;3 - EVOLUTION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DURING THE SINTERING;223
11.7.5;4 - MICROSTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION DURING SINTERING;224
11.7.6;5 - CONCLUSION;225
11.7.7;REFERENCES;226
12;PART V: New Processing Techniques;228
12.1;Chapter 21. Fabrication of large size near net shape components of silica glass;230
12.1.1;Abstract;230
12.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;230
12.1.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES;230
12.1.4;3. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS;231
12.1.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;234
12.1.6;5. REFERENCES;234
12.2;Chapter 22. Molecular Design of Sol-Gel Derived Ceramic Superconductors;236
12.2.1;Abstract;236
12.2.2;INTRODUCTION;236
12.2.3;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES;237
12.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;240
12.2.5;REFERENCES;243
12.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;243
12.3;Chapter 23. PREPARATION OF MULLITE AND CORDIERITE POWDERS BY ORGANIC GELS;244
12.3.1;Abstract;244
12.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;244
12.3.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;245
12.3.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;246
12.3.5;4. CONCLUSION;250
12.3.6;5. REFERENCES;250
12.4;Chapter 24. PREPARATION OF Y2O3 STABILIZED ZrO2 POWDERS FROM EMULSIONS;252
12.4.1;ABSTRACT;252
12.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;252
12.4.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;253
12.4.4;3. RESULTS and DISCUSSION;254
12.4.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;258
12.4.6;5. REFERENCES;258
12.5;Chapter 25. Progress in Powder Synthesis by w/o-Microemulsions;260
12.5.1;Abstract;260
12.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;260
12.5.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;261
12.5.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;262
12.5.5;4. CONCLUSION;270
12.5.6;5. REFERENCES;270
12.6;Chapter 26. Sol-Gel Synthesis of Advanced Microwave Ceramics and their Dielectric Properties;272
12.6.1;Abstract;272
12.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;272
12.6.3;2. EXAMINED CERAMIC SYSTEMS;273
12.6.4;3. CERAMIC PRODUCTION;273
12.6.5;4. CERAMIC PROPERTIES;275
12.6.6;5. CONCLUSIONS;280
12.6.7;6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;280
12.6.8;7. REFERENCES;280
12.7;Chapter 27. A conductivity study on V2O5 based amorphous materials;282
12.7.1;Abstract;282
12.7.2;1. INTRODUCTION;282
12.7.3;2. DC CONDUCTIVITY;282
12.7.4;3. THE IMPORTANCE OF CORRELATIONS;287
12.7.5;4. REFERENCES;289
13;PART VI: Poster Session Precursor Chemistry;290
13.1;Chapter 28. Structural Study of the Formation of Lead Zirconate Titanate via Sol-Gel Process;292
13.1.1;Abstract;292
13.1.2;Introduction;292
13.1.3;Experimental;293
13.1.4;Results and discussion;294
13.1.5;Conclusion;299
13.1.6;References;299
13.1.7;Acknowledgements;299
13.2;Chapter 29. Correlation between the preparation and structure of the silica-titania gels;300
13.2.1;ABSTRACT;300
13.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;300
13.2.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;301
13.2.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;303
13.2.5;4. CONCLUSION;308
13.2.6;5. REFERENCES;308
13.3;Chapter 30. METAL ALKOXIDES ( M = YTTRIUM, BISMUTH, COPPER, CADMIUM) BASED ON FUNCTIONAL ALCOHOLS. SOME GENERAL FEATURES OF 2-METHOXYETHOXIDE DERIVATIVES;310
13.3.1;ABSTRACT;310
13.3.2;INTRODUCTION;310
13.3.3;EXPERIMENTAL;311
13.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;311
13.3.5;CONCLUSION;315
13.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;316
13.3.7;REFERENCES;316
13.4;Chapter 31. Low temperature synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7-x from metal alkoxides;318
13.4.1;Abstract;318
13.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;318
13.4.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;319
13.4.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;320
13.4.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;324
13.4.6;5. REFERENCES;324
13.5;Chapter 32. OBSERVATIONS TO THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF TIN(IV)-OXYGEN-GELS;326
13.5.1;ABSTRACT;326
13.5.2;1. INTRODUCTION;326
13.5.3;2. MONOMERS;327
13.5.4;3. DIMERS;329
13.5.5;4. TRIMERS;329
13.5.6;5. DODECAMERS;330
13.5.7;6. INCLUSION COMPOUNDS;330
13.5.8;7. CONCLUSIONS;332
13.5.9;8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;332
13.5.10;9. REFERENCES;332
14;Coatings;334
14.1;Chapter 33. Characterization of hybrid materials prepared from co-hydrolysis of (CH3)2Si(OC2H5)2 and Si(OC2H5)4;336
14.1.1;Abstract;336
14.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;336
14.1.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;337
14.1.4;3. RESULTS and DISCUSSION;338
14.1.5;4. CONCLUSION;343
14.1.6;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;343
14.1.7;6. REFERENCES;343
14.2;Chapter 34. ZrO2 coatings on stainless steel by the sol-gel process;344
14.2.1;Abstract;344
14.2.2;1 - INTRODUCTION;344
14.2.3;2 - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;344
14.2.4;3 - CHARACTERIZATION;345
14.2.5;4 - CONCLUSION;349
14.2.6;5 - REFERENCES;349
14.3;Chapter 35. THERMAL TREATMENT DEPENDENT STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF SOL–GEL DERIVED SAMPLES IN THE SiO2–TiO2 SYSTEM DETECTED BY IR SPECTROSCOPY;352
14.3.1;Abstract;352
14.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;352
14.3.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;352
14.3.4;3. RESULTS;354
14.3.5;4. DISCUSSION;357
14.3.6;5. REFERENCES;358
14.4;Chapter 36. Crystallization behaviour of barium titanate thin films;360
14.4.1;Abstract;360
14.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;360
14.4.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;360
14.4.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;361
14.4.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;365
14.4.6;5. REFERENCES;366
15;Porous Materials and Composites;368
15.1;Chapter 37. Fluorine Modification of ORMOCER (ORganically Modified CERamics)-Coating Materials;370
15.1.1;Abstract;370
15.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;370
15.1.3;2. Experimental
;371
15.1.4;3. Evaluation of Surface Properties;372
15.1.5;4. Results and Discussion;372
15.1.6;5. Conclusions;376
15.1.7;Acknowledgement;376
15.1.8;References;376
15.2;Chapter 38. Colloidal Copper Oxide as Precursor for Multicomponent Oxide films;378
15.2.1;Abstract;378
15.2.2;1. Introduction;378
15.2.3;2. Results and Discussion;379
15.2.4;3. Conclusion;384
15.2.5;4. Acknowledgements;385
15.2.6;5. References;385
16;New Processing Techniques;386
16.1;Chapter 39. New in-situ technique for the preparation of highly monodisperse size-quantized semiconductor particles in a sol-gel glass matrix;388
16.1.1;Abstract;388
16.1.2;1. Introduction;388
16.1.3;2. Experimental section;389
16.1.4;3. Results;394
16.1.5;4. Discussion;397
16.1.6;5. Conclusions;397
16.1.7;Acknowledgments;398
16.1.8;References;398
16.2;Chapter 40. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF MULLITE VIA SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE;400
16.2.1;Abstract;400
16.2.2;INTRODUCTION;400
16.2.3;EXPERIMENTAL WORK;401
16.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;402
16.2.5;SUMMARY;406
16.2.6;REFERENCES;406
16.3;Chapter 41. PREPARATION AND DENSIFICATION OF ZIRCONIA TOUGHENED CORDIERITE;408
16.3.1;Abstract;408
16.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;408
16.3.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;409
16.3.4;3. ZIRCONIA SOL PREPARATION;409
16.3.5;4. GEL DRYING AND CALCINATION;411
16.3.6;5. CORDIERITE - ZrO2 COMPOSITE;413
16.3.7;6. CONCLUSION;414
16.3.8;7. REFERENCES;414
16.4;Chapter 42. Mechanical properties of a hybrid-oxide glass;416
16.4.1;Abstract;416
16.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;416
16.4.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;417
16.4.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;418
16.4.5;4. CONCLUSION;422
16.4.6;5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;423
16.4.7;6 REFERENCES;423
16.5;Chapter 43. sol-Gel Approach to Compact Quantum Size Semiconductors;424
16.5.1;Abstract;424
16.5.2;INTRODUCTION;424
16.5.3;SYNTHESIS OF SOL-GEL ZnO COATINGS;425
16.5.4;OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEL-GEL ZnO COATINGS;426
16.5.5;ELECTRON TRANSFER IN ZnO-CdS COMPOSITES;428
16.5.6;CONCLUSION;430
16.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;430
16.5.8;REFERENCES;431
16.6;Chapter 44. SOL-GEL ROUTES INTO HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS;432
16.6.1;Abstract;432
16.6.2;1. INTRODUCTION;432
16.6.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;433
16.6.4;3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;434
16.6.5;4. REFERENCES;438
17;General Topics, Glasses and Ceramics;440
17.1;Chapter 45. Silica glass obtained from low density monolithic silica xerogels;442
17.1.1;Abstract;442
17.1.2;1. INTRODUCTION;442
17.1.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;443
17.1.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;444
17.1.5;4. CONCLUSION;447
17.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;447
17.1.7;REFERENCES;447
17.2;Chapter 46. Characterization of the sol-gel-process by diffraction methods using conventional and synchrotron radiation;448
17.2.1;Abstract;448
17.2.2;1. INTRODUCTION;448
17.2.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;449
17.2.4;3. RESULTS;450
17.2.5;4. REFERENCES;456
17.3;Chapter 47. Preparation and characterisation of ceria and zirconia gels;458
17.3.1;Abstract;458
17.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;458
17.3.3;2. EXPERIMENTAL;459
17.3.4;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;460
17.3.5;4. CONCLUSION;461
17.3.6;5. REFERENCES;462
17.4;Chapter 48. METAL OXIDES FROM AMINE-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS: PREPARATION AND PRACTICAL POSSIBILITIES;470
17.4.1;Abstract;470
17.4.2;1. INTRODUCTION;470
17.4.3;2. PREPARATION OF PARENT SOLUTIONS;471
17.4.4;3. GELLING MECHANISMS;472
17.4.5;4. REVERSIBLE GELLING;473
17.4.6;5. COLOURED COATINGS PREPARATION;475
17.4.7;6. SOME PERSPECTIVES;477
17.4.8;REFERENCES;477
17.5;Chapter 49. Spectroscopic Studies of Silica/Titania Gel Glasses;478
17.5.1;Abstract;478
17.5.2;Introduction;478
17.5.3;Materials and Methods;479
17.5.4;Results and Discussion;479
17.5.5;Conclusions;483
17.5.6;Acknowledgements;483
17.5.7;References;483
17.6;Chapter 50. Inorganic organic polymers with defined silicic acid units;484
17.6.1;Abstract;484
17.6.2;1. Introduction;484
17.6.3;2. Experimental;485
17.6.4;3. Results and Discussion;485
17.6.5;4. Conclusions;490
17.6.6;5. References;490