Vogt / Le Lay Silicene

Prediction, Synthesis, Application
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-99964-7
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 285 Seiten

Reihe: NanoScience and Technology

This book discusses the processing and properties of silicene, including the historical and theoretical background of silicene, theoretical predictions, the synthesis and experimental properties of silicene and the potential applications and further developments. It also presents other similar monolayer materials, like germanene and phosphorene. Silicene, a new silicon allotrope with a graphene-like, honeycomb structure, has recently attracted considerable interest, because its topology affords it the same remarkable electronic properties as those of graphene. Additionally, silicene may have the potential advantage of being easily integrated in current Si-based nano/micro-electronics, offering novel technological applications.Silicene was theoretically conjectured a few years ago as a stand-alone material. However, it does not exist in nature and had to be synthesized on a substrate. It has since been successfully synthesized and multi-layer silicene structures are already being discussed. Within just a few years, silicene is now on the brink of technological applications in electronic devices.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vogt, Patrick

Le Lay, Guy

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
1.1;Elemental 2D Materials Beyond Graphene;6
2;Contents;9
3;Contributors;15
4;1 A Vision on Organosilicon Chemistry and Silicene;18
4.1;1.1 Aromatic Molecules and Silicon Substituted Cyclic Rings;18
4.2;1.2 Chemical Bonding: Unsaturated Carbon Systems Versus Silicon Systems;22
4.3;1.3 Effect of Buckling Distortions in Si6 Rings: The Psuedo Jahn-Teller (PJT) Effect;24
4.4;1.4 Chemical Functionalization on Silicon Rings to Make Them Planar;26
4.5;1.5 Electron and Hole Transport in Silicene;28
4.6;1.6 Reactivity of Silicene Towards Hydrogen and Band Gap Tuning;30
4.7;1.7 Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) as a Probe for the Buckling Distortion in Silicene;33
4.8;References;37
5;2 Density-Functional and Tight-Binding Theory of Silicene and Silicane;39
5.1;2.1 Introduction;39
5.2;2.2 First-Principles Theory of Silicene and Silicane;41
5.2.1;2.2.1 Structure, Stability, and Electronic Band Structure of Silicene;41
5.2.2;2.2.2 Structure, Stability, and Electronic Band Structure of Silicane;44
5.3;2.3 Tight-Binding Description of Silicene and Silicane;46
5.3.1;2.3.1 All-Valence Tight-Binding Model of Silicene;46
5.3.2;2.3.2 All-Valence Tight-Binding Model of Silicane;47
5.4;2.4 Silicene in a Transverse External Electric Field;50
5.5;2.5 SO Coupling and Topological Phase Transition in Silicene;53
5.5.1;2.5.1 SO Induced Band Gap in Silicene;53
5.5.2;2.5.2 Transition from Topological Insulator to Band Insulator State;54
5.6;2.6 Summary;55
5.7;References;55
6;3 Electronic and Topological Properties of Silicene, Germanene and Stanene;58
6.1;3.1 Introduction;58
6.2;3.2 Graphene and Silicene;59
6.2.1;3.2.1 Graphene;60
6.2.2;3.2.2 Silicene and Tunable Band Gap;61
6.2.3;3.2.3 Generalized Dirac Mass Terms;64
6.3;3.3 Berry Curvature and Chern Number;64
6.3.1;3.3.1 TKNN Formula;64
6.3.2;3.3.2 Berry Curvature in Centrosymmetric System;66
6.3.3;3.3.3 Pontryagin Number;68
6.3.4;3.3.4 Classification of Topological Insulators;69
6.4;3.4 Topological Edges;70
6.4.1;3.4.1 Bulk-Edge Correspondence;70
6.4.2;3.4.2 Herical Edges and Chiral Edges;71
6.4.3;3.4.3 Inner Edges;71
6.4.4;3.4.4 Topological Kirchhoff Law;73
6.5;3.5 Topological Quantum Field-Effect Transistor;74
6.6;3.6 Impurity Effects to Topological Quantum Field-Effect Transistor;77
6.6.1;3.6.1 QSH Phase;78
6.6.2;3.6.2 QVH Phase;78
6.7;3.7 Phosphorene and Anisotropic Honeycomb Lattice;80
6.7.1;3.7.1 Band Structure of Anisotropic Honeycomb Nanoribbons;81
6.7.2;3.7.2 Topological Origin of Flat Bands;83
6.7.3;3.7.3 Wave Function and Energy Spectrum of Edge States;85
6.8;References;85
7;4 Optical Properties of Silicene and Related Materials from First Principles;87
7.1;4.1 Introduction;88
7.2;4.2 Theoretical and Numerical Methods;88
7.2.1;4.2.1 Atomic and Electronic Structure;88
7.2.2;4.2.2 Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Function;90
7.2.3;4.2.3 Dielectric Function and Optical Conductivity of Individual Sheets;91
7.2.4;4.2.4 Optical Properties of Atomically Thin Films;94
7.3;4.3 Spectra of Silicene, Germanene, and Stanene;97
7.3.1;4.3.1 Influence of Many-Body Effects;97
7.3.2;4.3.2 General Frequency Dependence;99
7.3.3;4.3.3 Low-Frequency Absorbance;100
7.3.4;4.3.4 Influence of Spin-Orbit Interaction;103
7.3.5;4.3.5 Reflection, Transmission, and Absorption: Global Spectra;105
7.4;4.4 Influence of Multiple Layers;106
7.4.1;4.4.1 Graphene Bilayer;106
7.4.2;4.4.2 Silicene Bilayers;108
7.5;4.5 Summary and Conclusions;110
7.6;References;111
8;5 Synthesis of Silicene;113
8.1;5.1 Introduction;113
8.2;5.2 The Silver Track;114
8.3;5.3 Ag(111) Mimicking a Honeycomb Lattice;117
8.4;5.4 Growth Mode and Structure Formation of Si on the Ag(111) Surface;117
8.5;5.5 Multilayer Silicene;120
8.6;5.6 Silicene Segregated on ZrB2 Thin Films;123
8.7;5.7 Synthesis of Silicene on Other Metallic Substrates;124
8.8;5.8 Concluding Remarks;125
8.9;References;125
9;6 Si Nanoribbons: From 1D to 3D Nanostructures;128
9.1;6.1 Introduction;128
9.2;6.2 Silicene Nanoribbons: From a Theoretical Point of View;129
9.3;6.3 The Birth of SiNRs: 1D, 2D and 3D Silicene Nano-structures on Ag(110);131
9.3.1;6.3.1 Isolated SiNRs and Nanodots;131
9.3.2;6.3.2 Two-Dimensional Array of SiNRs;132
9.4;6.4 Oxidation of Isolated SiNRs on Ag(110);132
9.5;6.5 Electronic Properties of 1D SiNRs and 2D Arrays of SiNRs;134
9.6;6.6 Multilayer SiNRs;134
9.7;6.7 Discussion;136
9.8;6.8 Summary;139
9.9;References;139
10;7 Properties of Monolayer Silicene on Ag(111);141
10.1;7.1 Introduction;141
10.2;7.2 Expected Properties of Epitaxial Silicene;143
10.3;7.3 Formation of 2D Si-Structures on Ag(111);144
10.3.1;7.3.1 Temperature-Dependence of the Si Growth on Ag(111);146
10.4;7.4 Epitaxial (3times3) Silicene;149
10.4.1;7.4.1 Atomic Structure;149
10.4.2;7.4.2 Electronic Properties;155
10.4.3;7.4.3 Vibrational Properties;157
10.4.4;7.4.4 Temperature Dependence of the Vibrational Modes;161
10.4.5;7.4.5 Electron-Phonon Coupling;163
10.5;7.5 Other 2D Si Phases on Ag(111);164
10.5.1;7.5.1 The Si-(sqrt13timessqrt13) Phase;164
10.5.2;7.5.2 The Si ``(2sqrt3times2sqrt3)'' Phase on Ag(111);165
10.6;7.6 Stability of Silicene Layers on Ag(111);167
10.7;7.7 Summary and Outlook;168
10.8;References;169
11;8 Atomic and Electronic Structure of Silicene on Ag: A Theoretical Perspective;171
11.1;8.1 The 3 times3 Reconstruction;172
11.2;8.2 The Nature of the Linear Bands;174
11.3;8.3 The sqrt3timessqrt3 Reconstruction;176
11.4;8.4 Multilayer Silicene;181
11.5;References;188
12;9 Silicene on Ag(111) at Low Temperatures;191
12.1;9.1 Introduction;191
12.2;9.2 Electronic Structure of the 4?×?4 Phase by STS;193
12.3;9.3 The sqrt3 timessqrt3 Phase;195
12.3.1;9.3.1 Dirac Fermions Evidenced by Quasi-particle Interference in the  sqrt3 timessqrt3 Phase;196
12.3.2;9.3.2 Dynamic Phase Transition of the  sqrt3 timessqrt3 Phase;201
12.3.3;9.3.3 Multilayer Silicene on Ag(111);204
12.4;9.4 Conclusions;206
12.5;References;206
13;10 Synthesis of Silicene on Alternative Substrates;209
13.1;10.1 Introduction;209
13.2;10.2 Silicene/Substrate Interaction: Weak van der Waals Bonding;210
13.3;10.3 Silicene/Substrate Interaction: Covalent Bonding;216
13.4;10.4 Concluding Remarks;218
13.5;References;220
14;11 Surface Functionalization of Silicene;222
14.1;11.1 Introduction;222
14.2;11.2 Hydrogenation;223
14.3;11.3 Halogenation;232
14.4;11.4 Oxidization;236
14.5;11.5 Conclusion and Perspective;241
14.6;References;242
15;12 Encapsulated Silicene Field-Effect Transistors;245
15.1;12.1 Introduction;245
15.2;12.2 Epitaxy of Silicene on Cleavable Ag (111)/Mica Substrate;247
15.3;12.3 Air-Stability of Silicene Post Synthesis and During Transfer;249
15.3.1;12.3.1 Al2O3 Capping of Silicene;249
15.3.2;12.3.2 Ag–Si Interaction;250
15.4;12.4 Silicene Devices: Fabrication, Measurement and Electronic Properties;252
15.4.1;12.4.1 Silicene Encapsulated Delamination and Native Ag Electrodes (SEDNE) Process;252
15.4.2;12.4.2 Electrical Characterization of Silicene Field-Effect Transistors;254
15.4.3;12.4.3 Fundamental Physics Revealed by Prelim Electrical Measurements;259
15.5;12.5 Summary and Outlook;260
15.6;References;261
16;13 Germanene: Silicene's Twin Sister;265
16.1;13.1 Introduction;265
16.2;13.2 Germanene;267
16.2.1;13.2.1 First-Principles Calculations;267
16.2.2;13.2.2 Synthesis;268
16.3;13.3 Future Experiments;271
16.3.1;13.3.1 Anomalous Quantum Hall Effect;271
16.3.2;13.3.2 Quantum Spin Hall Effect;273
16.3.3;13.3.3 Topological Phase Transitions and Band Gap Engineering;274
16.4;13.4 Conclusions and Outlook;275
16.5;References;276
17;Index;278