Voitkiv / Ullrich Relativistic Collisions of Structured Atomic Particles

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-78421-0
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 286 Seiten

During the last two decades the explorations of di?erent processes accom- nyingion-atom collisions athigh-impactenergieshavebeenasubjectofmuch interest. This interest was generated not only by the advent of accelerators of relativistic heavy ions which enabled one to investigate these collisions in an experiment and possible applications of obtained results in other ?elds of physics, but also by the variety of physical mechanisms underlying the atomic collisional phenomena at high impact energies. Often highly charged projectiles produced at accelerators of heavy ions are not fully stripped ions but carry one or more very tightly bound el- trons. In collisions with atomic targets, these electrons can be excited or lost and this may occur simultaneously with electronic transitions in the target. The present book concentrates on, and may serve as an introduction to, th- retical methods which are used to describe the projectile-electron transitions occurringinhigh-energycollisionsbetweenionsandneutralatoms.Special- tention is given to relativistic impact energies and highly charged projectiles. Experimental results are used merely as illustrations and tests for theory. This book will be useful to graduate students and professional scientists who are interested in studying atomic collisions occurring at high-impact - ergies. It assumes that the reader possesses the basic knowledge in classical electrodynamics and nonrelativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Voitkiv, Alexander

Ullrich, Joachim

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;7
3;1 Introduction;12
4;Part I Nonrelativistic Collisions;16
4.1;2 First Order Considerations;17
4.1.1;2.1 Quantum Plane-Wave Born Approximation;17
4.1.2;2.2 Semi-Classical Approach;22
4.2;3 Considerations Beyond First Order Perturbation Theory;26
4.2.1;3.1 Second Order Approximation;26
4.2.2;3.2 Distorted-Wave Approach;29
4.2.3;3.3 Coupled Channel Approach;37
4.2.4;3.4 Sudden Approximation;39
4.2.5;3.5 Glauber Approximation;42
4.2.6;3.6 Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo Approach;44
4.2.7;3.7 Projectile Electron Loss. Comparison with Experiment;46
5;Part II Relativistic Collisions;57
5.1;4 Introduction to Relativistic Collisions;58
5.1.1;4.1 Elements of the Special Theory of Relativity;58
5.1.2;4.2 The Electromagnetic Field;64
5.1.3;4.3 The Dirac Equation;67
5.2;5 Descriptions of Collisions Within the First Order Approximation in the Projectile – Target Interaction;73
5.2.1;5.1 Preliminary Remarks;73
5.2.2;5.2 Simpli.ed Semi-Classical Consideration;76
5.2.3;5.3 Plane-Wave Born Approximation;79
5.2.4;5.4 Semi-Classical Approximation;85
5.2.5;5.5 Relativistic Features and the Nonrelativistic Limit;89
5.2.6;5.6 Consideration on the Base of Quantum Electrodynamics;90
5.2.7;5.7 Gauge Independence and the Continuity Equation;92
5.2.8;5.8 Calculations in the Coulomb Gauge;94
5.2.9;5.9 Simpli.cation of the Atomic Transition Four- Current: The ‘ Nonrelativistic Atom’ Approximation;96
5.2.10;5.10 Manipulations with the Transition Matrix Elements as a Change of Gauge;102
5.2.11;5.11 Projectile-Electron Transitions as a Three- Body Problem;106
5.2.12;5.12 Relativistic Ion–Atom Collisions and Nonrelativistic Form- Factors;118
5.2.13;5.13 Electron–Positron Pair Production in Collisions of Bare Ions with Neutral Atoms;119
5.2.14;5.14 Two-Center Dielectronic Transitions;120
5.3;6 Theoretical Methods Extending beyond the First Order Approximation;136
5.3.1;6.1 Collisions with Light Atoms: Preliminary Remarks;136
5.3.2;6.2 Symmetric Eikonal Model;137
5.3.3;6.3 Collisions with Heavy Atoms: Preliminary Remarks;153
5.3.4;6.4 Extreme Relativistic Collisions with Heavy Atoms;154
5.3.5;6.5 Collisions at Relatively Low Energies: Three- Body Distorted- Wave Models;173
5.3.6;6.6 The High-Energy Limit of the Distorted- Wave Models;181
5.3.7;6.7 Nonperturbative Approaches;184
5.4;7 Impact Parameter Dependence of Projectile- Electron Excitation and Loss in Relativistic Collisions;192
5.4.1;7.1 Preliminary Remarks;192
5.4.2;7.2 Transition Amplitudes;193
5.4.3;7.3 Excitation of Bi82+(1s) in Collisions with Cu and He;196
5.4.4;7.4 Higher-Order E.ects in the Loss Probability in Collisions at Asymptotically Large .;201
5.5;8 Cross Sections and Comparison with Experiment;206
5.5.1;8.1 Electron Loss in Collisions at Low .;206
5.5.2;8.2 Excitation and Simultaneous Excitation-Loss in Collisions at Low .;211
5.5.3;8.3 Electron Loss in Collisions at Moderately High .;216
5.5.4;8.4 Collisions at High .: Electron Loss and Capture Cross Sections;220
5.5.5;8.5 Screening E.ects in Free–Free Pair Production;226
5.5.6;8.6 Charge States of 33TeV Pb Projectiles Penetrating Solid Targets: Multiple Collision E . ects;227
5.5.7;8.7 Di.erential Loss Cross Sections in Collisions at High .;234
5.5.8;8.8 On the Longitudinal and Transverse Contributions to the Total Loss Cross Section;244
5.5.9;8.9 Loss Cross Sections at Asymptotically High .: Saturation E . ect;246
5.5.10;8.10 Excitation and Break-Up of Pionium in Relativistic Collisions with Neutral Atoms;249
5.5.11;8.11 Higher-Order E.ects at Asymptotically High .;251
6;A Appendix;253
6.1;A.1 Nonrelativistic Atom Approximation for the Screening Mode;253
6.2;A.2 The Schr¨ odinger–Pauli Equation and Relativistic Collisions;254
6.3;A.3 On the Existence of the ‘Overlap’ Region;263
6.4;A.4 Radiative Atomic Processes and Galilean and Gauge Transformations;265
7;References;280