Vorländer Auralization

Fundamentals of Acoustics, Modelling, Simulation, Algorithms and Acoustic Virtual Reality
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-48830-9
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 341 Seiten

Reihe: RWTHedition

This is the first focused and detailed textbook on acoustic virtual reality. Auralization is the creation of audible acoustic sceneries from computer-generated data. The term 'auralization' is to be understood as being analogue to the well-known technique of 'visualization'. In visual illustration of scenes, data or any other meaningful information, in movie animation and in computer graphics, we describe the process of 'making visible' as visualization. In acoustics, auralization is taking place when acoustic effects, primary sound signals or means of sound reinforcement or sound transmission, are processed to be presented by using electro-acoustic equipment. This book is organized as a comprehensive collection of basics, methodology and strategies of acoustic simulation and auralization.

Michael Vorländer became director of the institute and professor of technical acoustics at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, in 1996. After education in physics and a doctorate degree in 1989 he worked in various fields of acoustics, mainly architectural acoustics and binaural technology. His main areas of research are room acoustics, building acoustics, psychoacoustics, acoustic measurements, virtual acoustics. Professor Vorländer is active  in international societies, like 2004 - 2007 President of the European Acoustics Association (EAA) 2007 - 2010 Vice President of the European Acoustics Association (EAA) 2004 - Board of the International Commission for Acoustics (ICA)
Acoustical Society of America (ASA) German Acoustical Society (DEGA) German Physical Society (DPG)

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vorländer, Michael

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;First edition;3
2;Foreword;5
3;Preface;6
4;Content;10
5;Introduction;15
6;1 Fundamentals of acoustics;20
6.1;1.1 Sound field equations and the wave equation;21
6.2;1.2 Plane waves in fluid media;26
6.3;1.3 Plane harmonic waves;28
6.4;1.4 Wideband waves and signals;28
6.5;1.5 Energy and level;29
6.6;1.6 Sound intensity;32
6.7;1.7 Level arithmetic;33
6.8;1.8 Frequency bands;34
7;2 Sound sources;36
7.1;2.1 Spherical waves waves waves waves waves waves;36
7.2;2.2 Harmonic monopole source and sound power;37
7.3;2.3 Pulsating sphere and radiation impedance;39
7.4;2.4 Multipoles and extended sources;41
7.5;2.5 Spherical harmonics;44
8;3 Sound propagation;47
8.1;3.1 Reflection of plane waves at an impedance plane;47
8.2;3.2 Spherical wave above impedance plane;53
8.3;3.3 Scattering;54
8.4;3.4 Diffraction;59
8.5;3.5 Refraction;60
8.6;3.6 Attenuation;61
8.7;3.7 Doppler effect;63
9;4 Sound fields in cavities and in rooms;65
9.1;4.1 Cavities;65
9.2;4.2 Modes;66
9.3;4.3 Geometrical acoustics;70
9.4;4.4 Statistical reverberation theory;71
10;5 Structure-borne sound;81
10.1;5.1 Waves in solid media;81
10.2;5.2 Waves on plates and their radiation;84
10.3;5.3 Vibrational transmission over junctions;88
11;6 Psychoacoustics;90
11.1;6.1 Anatomy of the peripheral hearing system;90
11.2;6.2 Psychoacoustic characterization;92
11.3;6.3 Binaural hearing;97
11.4;6.4 Hearing in rooms;103
12;7 Signal processing for auralization;114
12.1;7.1 The concept of auralization;114
12.2;7.2 Fundamentals of signal processing;117
12.3;7.3 Fourier transformation;121
12.4;7.4 Analogue-to-digital conversion;123
12.5;7.5 Discrete Fourier transformation;126
12.6;7.6 Fast Fourier transformation transformation;127
12.7;7.7 Digital filters;130
13;8 Characterization of sources;134
13.1;8.1 Airborne sound sources;134
13.2;8.2 Structure-borne sound sources;144
14;9 Convolution and sound synthesis;147
14.1;9.1 Discrete convolution;147
14.2;9.2 FFT convolution;149
14.3;9.3 Binaural synthesis;151
14.4;9.4 Binaural mixing console;153
14.5;9.5 Spatial resolution of HRTF;155
15;10 Simulation models;157
15.1;10.1 Simulation methods for sound and vibrational fields;157
15.2;10.2 Two-port models;176
15.3;10.3 Other models;183
16;11 Simulation of sound in rooms;184
16.1;11.1 General;184
16.2;11.2 Stochastic ray tracing;190
16.3;11.3 Image source model;208
16.4;11.4 Hybrid image source models (deterministic ray tracing);219
16.5;11.5 Systematic uncertainties of geometrical acoustics;222
16.6;11.6 Hybrid models in room acoustics;225
16.7;11.7 Construction of binaural room impulse responses;231
17;12 Simulation and auralization of airborne sound insulation;236
17.1;12.1 Definitions of airborne sound transmission;237
17.2;12.2 Sound insulation of building elements;238
17.3;12.3 Sound insulation of buildings;242
17.4;12.4 Sound transmission prediction models;244
17.5;12.5 Auralization of airborne sound insulation;247
18;13 Simulation and auralization of structure- borne sound;253
18.1;13.1 Definitions of impact sound transmission;253
18.2;13.2 Impact sound model;254
18.3;13.3 Impact sound auralization;257
18.4;13.4 Structure-borne interaction model;259
19;14 Binaural transfer path synthesis;262
19.1;14.1 Source identification and characterization;264
19.2;14.2 Transfer path characterization;269
19.3;14.3 Auralization in BTPS;271
20;15 Aspects of real-time processing;274
20.1;15.1 Real-time binaural synthesis;275
20.2;15.2 Room acoustical real-time auralization;277
20.3;15.3 Hybrid real-time room auralization;284
21;16 3-D sound reproduction and virtual reality systems;286
21.1;16.1 Headphone systems;287
21.2;16.2 Loudspeaker systems;294
21.3;16.3 VR technology and integrated VR systems;305
22;Annex;310
23;References;325
24;Index;337