Walker The Future of Ageing in Europe

Making an Asset of Longevity
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-981-13-1417-9
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 337 Seiten

Reihe: Progress in Mathematics

This book provides the most comprehensive analysis available of the challenges created by Europe's ageing population. Grounded in state-of-the-art scientific assessments by leading European researchers, the book is strongly policy focused. Indeed this book contains a detailed account of the policies required across a broad field, from economic sustainability and extending working lives, to healthy ageing, technological innovation, long term care and political citizenship, for the successful adaptation to the challenges of ageing in Europe and globally. It is a policy manifesto to ensure that the future of ageing in Europe is transformed into a highly beneficial one for both citizens and societies.

Alan Walker is Professor of Social Policy and Social Gerontology at the University of Sheffield, UK. He has been researching and writing on aspects of ageing and social policy for more than 40 years. He has directed several major national and European research programmes and projects. In 2007 he was given Lifetime Achievement Awards by both the Social Policy Association and the British Society of Gerontology. In 2011 he was awarded the European Association of Gerontology's first Medal and Honorary Diploma for Advances in Gerontology and Geriatrics (Social and Behavioural Sciences). He was the Economic and Social Research Councils' first Impact Champion in 2013, was appointed CBE for Services to Social Science in 2014, and made a Fellow of the Gerontology Society of American in 2016.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Walker, Alan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;List of Figures;10
4;List of Tables;13
5;1: Introduction;14
5.1;MOPACT;15
5.2;Centrality of Active Ageing;18
5.3;Social Innovation;21
5.4;Ageing Europe;23
5.4.1;The Active Ageing Index;26
5.5;Introducing the Book;29
5.6;Conclusion;39
5.7;References;39
6;2: Strategies of Active Ageing in Europe;42
6.1;Introduction;42
6.2;Policy-Relevant Knowledge Synthesised from MOPACT;45
6.2.1;Challenges Ahead;45
6.2.1.1;Old and Living Alone;45
6.2.1.2;Healthy Life Expectancy;46
6.2.1.3;Long-Term Care;46
6.2.1.4;Active Citizenship and Political Participation;47
6.2.1.5;Tapping the Silver Economy;47
6.2.1.6;Unleashing Social Innovation;47
6.2.2;Key Policy-Relevant Findings from MOPACT;48
6.2.2.1;Active Ageing Rising Across EU Member States;48
6.2.2.2;Greater Challenges for Central European Countries;48
6.2.2.3;Greater Risks of Social Exclusion in Older Age;49
6.2.2.4;Ageing Is Not Inevitably Linked to Chronic Diseases;49
6.2.2.5;EU Institutions Playing an Important Role but More Is Required;50
6.2.3;Five Prerequisites for Realising Active Ageing in Europe;50
6.2.4;Major Policy Priorities and Instruments;51
6.2.4.1;Goal 1: Ensuring Economic and Social Sustainability;51
6.2.4.2;Goal 2: Promoting Health and Well-Being in Later Life;51
6.2.4.3;Goal 3: Provision of Adequate Person-Centred Long-Term Care;52
6.2.4.4;Goal 4: Adopt Modern Technologies for Efficiency and Effectiveness;52
6.2.4.5;Goal 5: Engagement of Older Persons in Social, Cultural, and Civic Activities;52
6.3;Strategies for Clusters of EU Countries;53
6.3.1;Low-Scoring Countries;53
6.3.2;Middle-Scoring Countries;57
6.3.3;High-Scoring Countries;60
6.4;Conclusions;62
6.5;References;63
7;3: Achieving Economic Sustainability in Ageing Societies;66
7.1;Introduction;66
7.2;A Snapshot of Demographic Trends and Economic Effects of Population Ageing;68
7.2.1;Recent Trends in Demographics;68
7.2.2;The Main Economic Effects of Population Ageing;69
7.2.3;Population Ageing, Economic Growth and Secular Stagnation;72
7.3;New Results on Demographics and Economics of Population Ageing;73
7.3.1;Traditional Measures of Population Ageing Are Problematic;73
7.3.2;Number of Older People Living Alone Grows Strongly;75
7.3.3;Reducing Fiscal Costs of Population Ageing;78
7.3.4;Fiscal Sustainability and Redistribution;83
7.4;Policy Conclusions;85
7.5;References;87
8;4: Effective and Sustainable Private Pensions;91
8.1;Introduction;91
8.2;The Key Challenges;93
8.3;Optimal Contribution, Drawdown, Investment, and Insurance;95
8.3.1;Introduction: Unbundling;95
8.4;Savings and Investment Decisions in the Accumulation Phase;97
8.5;Dissaving, Investment, and Insurance Decisions in the Decumulation Phase;99
8.6;Dissaving, Investment, and Insurance Decisions in the Decumulation Phase in Case of Habit Formation;102
8.7;Dissaving, Investment, and Insurance Decisions in the Decumulation Phase in Case of Income Guarantees;104
8.8;Individual Pension Decision-Making;106
8.9;Financial Literacy and Pension Literacy;106
8.9.1;Financial Literacy;106
8.9.2;Pension Literacy;108
8.10;Choice Architecture;109
8.11;Implications for Policy and Practice;111
8.12;Further Research Priorities;114
8.13;Conclusions;115
8.14;References;116
9;5: Extending Working Lives;119
9.1;Introduction;119
9.2;The Key Challenges;120
9.3;Research Activities and Objectives;121
9.4;The National Policy Level and Recommendations for an Action Plan;123
9.4.1;Adapting National Retirement Policies;123
9.4.1.1;Raising Legal Retirement Ages in Combination with Financial Incentives/Disincentives;123
9.4.1.2;Closing/Complicating Early Exit Pathways/Retirement Schemes;123
9.4.1.3;Deepening Social Inequalities;125
9.4.1.4;Lessons To Be Learnt;125
9.4.2;Partial Retirement/Partial Pension Schemes;126
9.4.2.1;Lessons To Be Learnt;127
9.4.3;Work Beyond Legal Retirement Age (Silver Work);127
9.4.3.1;Lessons To Be Learnt;128
9.4.4;Promotion of Self-Employment;129
9.4.5;Employment Protection Against Dismissal;130
9.4.5.1;Anti-age Discrimination Legislation;131
9.4.6;Wage Subsidies;131
9.4.7;Active Labour Market Policies for the Older Unemployed;132
9.4.8;Health Protection, Promotion, and Prevention of Disability;133
9.4.8.1;Occupational Health Policies;133
9.4.8.2;Disability and Rehabilitation Policies;134
9.4.8.3;Lessons To Be Learnt;135
9.4.9;Work-Life Balance and Life-Course-Oriented Policies;136
9.4.9.1;Life-Course Orientation in Employment Policies—To Make Working Life More Flexible;136
9.4.9.2;The Case of Reconciling Work and Care;137
9.4.9.3;Informal Work/Social Volunteering in Combination with Paid Work;137
9.4.9.4;Lessons To Be Learnt;138
9.4.10;Awareness, Information, and Counselling Policies;138
9.4.10.1;Country-Targeting National/Public Programmes;138
9.4.10.2;Company-Targeting National Strategies;139
9.4.10.3;Lessons To Be Learnt;139
9.5;The Meso/Company Level;140
9.5.1;Different Understanding of Social Innovation;140
9.5.2;Spheres of Activities;140
9.5.3;Drivers of and Barriers Against Extending Working Lives of Older Staff Members;141
9.5.4;Conclusions and Overall Lessons To Be Learnt;143
9.6;Lifelong (Vocational) Learning;145
9.6.1;State of the Art;145
9.6.2;Lessons To Be Learnt;147
9.7;Final Conclusions;148
9.8;References;150
10;6: Healthy Life Years and Social Engagement;155
10.1;Introduction;155
10.1.1;Changing Demographics;156
10.1.2;Social Engagement;157
10.1.3;The Disablement Process;157
10.1.4;Approach;158
10.2;Phase 1: Trends in Healthy Life Expectancy;159
10.2.1;Life Expectancy With and Without Activity Limitations from 50, 65 and 85 Years of Age;159
10.2.2;The Prevalence of Long-Term Severe Activity Limitations by Five-Year Age Category;162
10.2.3;Conclusions on Healthy Life Expectancy;165
10.3;Phase 2: Determinants of Social Involvement in Older People with Poor Health;167
10.3.1;Determinants of Social Participation in Older People With and Without Multimorbidity;168
10.3.2;Conclusions on Determinants of Social Participation;172
10.4;Phase 3: Fostering Social Engagement on the Meso-Level;172
10.5;Phase 4: Fostering Social Engagement on the Macro-Level;177
10.6;Phase 5: Projections of Healthy Life Expectancy;181
10.7;Implications;183
10.8;Research Priorities;184
10.9;References;185
11;7: Improving Health in Later Life: How a Life Course Approach Could Improve Health and Well-Being in Old Age;189
11.1;Introduction;189
11.2;The Key Challenges;191
11.3;State-of-the-Art Biogerontology from Womb to Tomb;191
11.3.1;Foetal Life;192
11.3.2;Infancy and Childhood;194
11.3.3;Adolescence;195
11.3.4;Adulthood;196
11.3.4.1;Lifestyle Anti-ageing Interventions;197
11.3.4.1.1;Dietary Interventions;197
11.3.4.1.2;Physical Activity;200
11.3.4.1.3;Vaccination;201
11.3.4.2;Pharmacological Anti-ageing Interventions in Development;202
11.3.4.3;Popular Anti-ageing Interventions with Questionable Evidence;205
11.3.5;Elderly: What Can Still Be Done;207
11.4;Major New Findings Within Mopact;209
11.4.1;Prevention;209
11.4.2;Intervention;210
11.4.3;Translation;210
11.5;Implications for Policy and Practice;211
11.6;Further Research Priorities;213
11.7;Conclusion;214
11.8;References;214
12;8: Technology for All;228
12.1;Introduction;228
12.2;The Key Challenge: ICTs, Age-Friendly Housing, and Mobility for All?;231
12.2.1;ICT;231
12.2.2;Housing;236
12.2.3;Mobility;237
12.3;The Deployment Gap;243
12.3.1;ICTs for Active Ageing as a Push Factor for the ‘Silver Economy’;243
12.3.2;Overcoming the Deployment Gap;244
12.4;Implications for Policy and Practice;253
12.5;Further Research Priorities;257
12.6;Conclusions;258
12.7;References;261
13;9: Social Support and Long-Term Care for Older People: The Potential for Social Innovation and Active Ageing;265
13.1;Introduction;265
13.2;The Key Challenges with Regard to LTC in Europe;267
13.2.1;Socio-Demographic Developments and Their Consequences for LTC;267
13.2.2;The Heterogeneity of LTC Systems in Europe: The Role of Care-Regimes;269
13.3;The Concepts of Social Innovation and Active Ageing in Relation to LTC;272
13.3.1;Social Innovation;272
13.3.2;Active Ageing;273
13.4;Potential for Active Ageing through Social Innovation in LTC and Social Support;275
13.4.1;Drivers and Barriers of Social Innovation in LTC;275
13.4.2;Areas with the Greatest Potential and Need for Social Innovation in LTC;279
13.4.2.1;Establishing and Expanding LTC as a System;279
13.4.2.2;Shifting LTC Systems Towards Community-Based Care;280
13.4.2.3;Facilitating the Integration and Coordination of LTC Systems;282
13.4.2.4;Creating and Improving Employment in LTC;285
13.5;Conclusion;288
13.6;References;291
14;10: Promoting the Political Inclusion and Participation of Older People: Social, Psychological and Institutional Perspectives;297
14.1;Introduction;298
14.2;The Political Participation of Older People in Europe: Towards a More Comprehensive Framework of Analysis;299
14.2.1;The Political Participation of Older People from a Life-Course Perspective;300
14.2.2;The Importance of Social Representations;302
14.2.3;From Supply to Demand: Participatory Approaches for the Involvement of Older People in Policy-Making;303
14.3;Promoting the Political Inclusion and Participation of Older People: New Insights;305
14.3.1;Political Participation Tends to Remain Stable over the Life Course, with Some Crucial Exceptions;305
14.3.2;Cross-National Variations Matter;307
14.3.3;Prescriptive Norms About the Role of Older People in Society Impact on Ageing Stereotypes and Behaviours Towards Older People;308
14.3.4;Print Media Plays an Important Role in the (Re)production of Prescriptive Norms About the Role of Older People in Society;309
14.3.5;Policy Makers Tend to Favour a More Consultative Approach When Involving Older People in Policy-Making;310
14.3.6;Guidelines for Enhancing the Participation of Older People in Policy-Making;310
14.4;Conclusion;312
14.5;References;315
15;11: Conclusion: Realising Active Ageing;318
15.1;Introduction;318
15.2;Key Findings;319
15.2.1;Strategies of Active Ageing in Europe;319
15.2.2;Economic Sustainability;320
15.2.3;Improving Private Pensions and Retirement Planning;321
15.2.4;Extending Working Lives;321
15.2.5;Participation, Health, and Well-Being;323
15.2.6;Staying Healthy in Old Age;324
15.2.7;Built and Technological Environments;324
15.2.8;Long-Term Care;326
15.2.9;Political Inclusion and Participation;327
15.3;Major Policy Priorities;328
15.3.1;Goal 1: Ensuring Economic and Social Sustainability;328
15.3.2;Goal 2: Promoting Health and Well-Being in Later Life;329
15.3.3;Goal 3: Provision of Adequate Person-Centred Care;329
15.3.4;Goal 4: Adoption of Modern Technologies;329
15.3.5;Goal 5: Increased Engagement of Older People in Social, Cultural and Civic Activities;330
15.4;Re-focusing Active Ageing Policy;330
15.4.1;Active Ageing in Europe;330
15.4.2;The Promise of Active Ageing;332
15.5;Realising the Promise;334
15.6;References;336