E-Book, Englisch, Band 6, 482 Seiten
Wang Access Nets
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-04648-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Third International Conference on Access Networks, AccessNets 2008, Las Vegas, NV, USA, October 15-17, 2008. Revised Papers
E-Book, Englisch, Band 6, 482 Seiten
ISBN: 978-3-642-04648-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International Conference on Access Networks, AccessNets 2008, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in October 2008. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers present original and fundamental research advances in the area of access networks, such as hybrid access networks, passive optical networks, fiber assisted wireless for broadband access networks, carrier ethernet and the evolving access networks, wireless access networks dsl networks dynamic spectrum management (dsm) successes, plc and dsl networks, as well as access network performance.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Preface;5
2;Organization;6
3;Table of Contents;9
4;Invited Papers;9
4.1;HOWRAN: An Hybrid Optical Wireless Radio Access Network for WiMAX Antennas Backhauling;12
4.1.1;Introduction;12
4.1.2;WiMAX Basics;13
4.1.3;Global HOWRAN Architecture;16
4.1.4;Head-End Node Hardware Architecture;18
4.1.5;HONU Hardware Architecture;19
4.1.6;HOWRAN Control Plane;20
4.1.7;Wimax Cell Planning with HOWRAN;21
4.1.8;Conclusion;25
4.1.9;References;25
4.2;The Audacity of Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Networks;27
4.2.1;Introduction;27
4.2.2;RoF vs. R&F Networks;29
4.2.3;FiWi Networks;32
4.2.3.1;Enabling Technologies;32
4.2.3.2;State of the Art;36
4.2.4;SuperMAN;39
4.2.4.1;RPR/WiMAX Interface;41
4.2.4.2;WDM EPON/Next-Generation WiFi Interface;42
4.2.5;Conclusions;43
4.2.6;References;44
4.3;When Are Online and Offline Excess Bandwidth Distribution Useful in EPONs?;47
4.3.1;Introduction;47
4.3.2;Related Work;48
4.3.3;Comparison of IPACT-Limited and Offline Excess Bandwidth Distribution;49
4.3.3.1;Simulation Set-Up;50
4.3.3.2;Impact of Offline, Hybrid, and Online Scheduling;51
4.3.3.3;Impact of Burst Size $B$ and Maximum Grant Size $G_{max}$;52
4.3.3.4;Impact of Round Trip Time $RTT$ and Maximum Grant Size $G_{max}$;52
4.3.4;Online Excess Bandwidth Distribution (OEBD);54
4.3.4.1;Simulation Results;54
4.3.5;Conclusion;55
4.3.6;References;55
4.4;Cost-Performance Planning of Municipal Wireless Access Networks;57
4.4.1;Introduction;57
4.4.2;The Optimization Problem;58
4.4.2.1;Technology Requirements;58
4.4.2.2;Technology Resources;59
4.4.3;The Optimization Model;60
4.4.3.1;Decision Variables;60
4.4.3.2;Line of Sight and Coverage Evaluation;61
4.4.3.3;Additional Constraints;61
4.4.3.4;Objective Function;62
4.4.4;The Optimization Algorithm;62
4.4.4.1;Wireless Coverage;63
4.4.4.2;Connection to the Backbone Network;64
4.4.5;The Optimization Scenario;66
4.4.6;Optimization Results;68
4.4.6.1;Assessment through Simulated Annealing Optimization;70
4.4.7;Conclusions;72
4.4.8;References;72
4.5;Greener Copper with Dynamic Spectrum Management;73
4.5.1;Introduction;73
4.5.2;DSM Level 1: Dynamics and Politeness;74
4.5.2.1;The DSL Environment and Stability;75
4.5.2.2;Margins as Control Parameters;77
4.5.2.3;Tiered Rate Adaptation (TRA);77
4.5.3;DSM Level 2: Frequency-Dependent Politeness;78
4.5.3.1;Spectrum Balancing Concept;78
4.5.3.2;Band-Preference;79
4.5.3.3;Zap Your Neighbor First: Virtual Noise Power Increases;79
4.5.4;DSM Level 3: Vectored Power Reduction;84
4.5.4.1;Noise Cancellation Basics;84
4.5.4.2;Reducing Power by Cancelling Noise;85
4.5.4.3;CuPONs;86
4.5.5;Conclusion;87
4.5.6;References;87
5;Full Papers;9
5.1;Performance Comparison of Orthogonal and Quasi-orthogonal Codes in Quasi-Synchronous Cellular CDMA Communication;89
5.1.1;Introduction;89
5.1.2;System Model for QS-CDMA with BPSK;90
5.1.3;Comparison between Orthogonal and Quasi-orthogonal Codes;93
5.1.4;BER Analysis in Presence of Noise;94
5.1.5;Simulation Results;96
5.1.6;Conclusion;98
5.1.7;References;99
5.2;Supporting Session and Access Point Mobility in a Large Multi-provider Multi-vendor Municipal WiFi Network;100
5.2.1;Introduction;100
5.2.2;Related Work;101
5.2.2.1;Municipal WiFi Networks;101
5.2.2.2;Session Mobility;102
5.2.3;panOULU Network;103
5.2.3.1;General Description;103
5.2.3.2;Network Topology;104
5.2.3.3;panOULU Subscription;105
5.2.3.4;Mobile APs;106
5.2.4;Session Mobility in panOULU Network;107
5.2.4.1;General Network Usage Statistics;107
5.2.4.2;Session Mobility;108
5.2.4.3;Roaming Performance;110
5.2.5;Discussion;111
5.2.6;References;112
5.3;A Fast MAC-Layer Handover for an IEEE 802.16e-Based WMAN;113
5.3.1;Introduction;113
5.3.2;IEEE 802.16e HHO Scenario;114
5.3.2.1;Network Topology Acquisition Phase;114
5.3.2.2;Actual Handover Phase;115
5.3.3;ProposedScheme;117
5.3.3.1;Handover Initiation;117
5.3.3.2;TBS Selection and Insinuation;118
5.3.3.3;Fast Ranging Activity;120
5.3.3.4;HO Indication and DL Retransmissions;120
5.3.3.5;UL Retransmissions and Registration;121
5.3.4;Simulation Scenario;122
5.3.4.1;NTAP HO Latency Analysis;124
5.3.4.2;AHOP HO Latency Analysis and CDT Analysis;126
5.3.5;Conclusion;127
5.3.6;References;127
5.4;A Conflict-Free Low-Jitter Guaranteed-Rate MAC Protocol for Base-Station Communications in Wireless Mesh Networks;129
5.4.1;Introduction;129
5.4.2;Problem Formulations;132
5.4.2.1;Constrained Queueing Systems;132
5.4.2.2;Scheduling in IQ Crossbar Switches;134
5.4.2.3;The WiMAX Technology;137
5.4.3;Transformation of IQ Switch Scheduling to WMN Scheduling;137
5.4.3.1;Routing in a WMN;140
5.4.3.2;The Dual-Channel WMN;142
5.4.3.3;The Single-Channel WMN;142
5.4.4;A WMN Example;143
5.4.4.1;Communication Tree in a 16 Node WMN;143
5.4.4.2;Experimental Results;144
5.4.4.3;Scalability;145
5.4.5;Conclusions;146
5.4.6;References;146
5.5;Coexistence of Collocated IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth Technologies in 2.4 GHz ISM Band;149
5.5.1;Introduction;149
5.5.2;Simulation Setup;151
5.5.3;Results;152
5.5.4;Discussions;155
5.5.5;Conclusions;155
5.5.6;References;155
5.6;Enabling Broadband as Commodity within Access Networks: A QoS Recipe;157
5.6.1;Introduction;157
5.6.2;The Challenge of Introducing QoS in IP Networks;158
5.6.3;Pragmatism and Simplicity as the Main Design Principles;158
5.6.4;End-to-End QoS Solution;159
5.6.5;Realising QoS in the Access Network;161
5.6.6;Realising QoS in the First Mile;163
5.6.7;Validation;164
5.6.8;Conclusion;171
5.6.9;References;172
5.7;A Simulator of Periodically Switching Channels for Power Line Communications;173
5.7.1;Introduction;173
5.7.2;Measurement of Periodically Switching Channel;175
5.7.3;Modeling of Periodically Switching Channel;178
5.7.4;Channel Simulator;180
5.7.5;Effect of Incorrect Channel Estimation;185
5.7.6;Conclusion;186
5.7.7;References;186
5.8;Placement of Base Stations in Broadband Power Line Communications Access Networks by Means of Multi-criteria Optimization;187
5.8.1;Introduction;187
5.8.2;Building Broadband Access over Low-Voltage Grid;188
5.8.3;Optimization Paradigms;190
5.8.4;Definition and Modeling of GBSP Problem;191
5.8.4.1;Problem Description;191
5.8.4.2;Network Costs;192
5.8.4.3;Downlink and Uplink Delay in B-PLC Access Networks;193
5.8.5;Experiments and Numerical Results;196
5.8.5.1;Parameters Setting;196
5.8.5.2;Pareto-Based Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Solving the GBSP;197
5.8.5.3;Comparison of Single- and Multi-objective Optimization;199
5.8.6;Conclusions;201
5.8.7;References;202
5.9;Modeling of Channel Allocation in Broadband Powerline Communications Access Networks as a Multi-Criteria Optimization Problem;203
5.9.1;Introduction;203
5.9.2;Planning Process of B-PLC Access Networks;205
5.9.2.1;Design of B-PLC Sites;205
5.9.2.2;Comparison with Wireless Networks;206
5.9.3;Analysis of PLC Channel Allocation Problem;207
5.9.3.1;Problem Definition;207
5.9.3.2;Traffic Demand in B-PLC Sites;208
5.9.3.3;Resource Reuse and Network Throughput;209
5.9.3.4;Modelling of Interferences in B-PLC Sites;209
5.9.4;Optimization Approaches and Used Metaheuristics;210
5.9.5;Numerical Experiments and Results Analysis;212
5.9.5.1;Problem Instances and System Characteristics;212
5.9.5.2;Solution Encoding and Evolutionary Operators;213
5.9.5.3;Parameters Setting;213
5.9.5.4;Evaluation of Pareto-Based MOEAs;215
5.9.6;Conclusions;217
5.9.7;References;218
5.10;Topology Design of Hierarchical Hybrid Fiber-VDSL Access Networks with Enhanced Discrete Binary PSO;219
5.10.1;Introduction;219
5.10.2;Problem Statement;220
5.10.2.1;Hybrid Fiber-VDSL Access Networks;220
5.10.2.2;Objective Function and Constraints;221
5.10.3;Analysis of HFV Access Network Topology Design;222
5.10.3.1;Strategy;222
5.10.3.2;Binary Modeling;223
5.10.4;Discrete Binary Particle Swarm Optimization;224
5.10.4.1;Introduction;224
5.10.4.2;Formulation and Notation;225
5.10.4.3;Enhanced DBPSO;225
5.10.4.4;Application;226
5.10.5;Results and Analysis;226
5.10.5.1;Optimization Environment;226
5.10.5.2;Results and Comparison;227
5.10.6;Conclusion;232
5.10.7;References;232
5.11;Near-Optimal Multi-user Greedy Bit-Loading for Digital Subscriber Lines;235
5.11.1;Introduction;235
5.11.2;SystemModel;236
5.11.3;The Spectrum Balancing Problem;236
5.11.3.1;Related Work;237
5.11.4;Multi-User Greedy Bit Loading;238
5.11.4.1;Performance;240
5.11.5;Near-Optimal Multi-user Greedy Bit-Loading;240
5.11.5.1;A New Cost Function;241
5.11.5.2;Algorithm Complexity;242
5.11.6;Simulation Results;243
5.11.6.1;2-User Near Far Scenario;244
5.11.6.2;8-User Central Office Scenario;244
5.11.6.3;8-User Mixed Deployment Scenario;245
5.11.6.4;Discussion of Results;247
5.11.7;Conclusion;249
5.11.8;References;249
5.12;Case for Dynamic Reconfigurability in Access Networks;251
5.12.1;Introduction;251
5.12.2;Network Architecture;251
5.12.3;User Profiles and Bandwidth Requirement;253
5.12.3.1;User Categories;253
5.12.3.2;Application Definitions;253
5.12.3.3;User Application Profiles;253
5.12.4;Network Configurations;255
5.12.5;Static versus Dynamic Network Configuration;256
5.12.5.1;Static Configuration;256
5.12.5.2;Sensitivity Analysis;257
5.12.5.3;Dynamic Network Configuration;258
5.12.5.4;Inter-PON Bandwidth Re-allocation;259
5.12.6;Conclusions;260
5.12.7;References;261
5.13;Fragmentation in a Novel Implementation of Slotted GPON Segmentation and Reassembly;262
5.13.1;Introduction;262
5.13.2;FPGA Based GPON Emulator;263
5.13.3;Parallelism and Pipelines in the GPON Emulator;264
5.13.3.1;Common Method to Achieve Better Performance and Higher Throughput;264
5.13.3.2;Common Techniques of Parallelism and Pipelining as used in the GPON Emulator;265
5.13.4;Issues Facing Current GPON SAR Implementations;266
5.13.5;NovelGPONSAR;267
5.13.6;Efficiency Advantages Verified by OPNET Simulation Results;268
5.13.7;Conclusions;273
5.13.8;References;273
5.14;TCP Performance over Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Networks;275
5.14.1;Introduction;275
5.14.1.1;TCP and Asymmetry Issues;276
5.14.1.2;Related Work;277
5.14.1.3;Goal and Structure of the Paper;277
5.14.2;Model;278
5.14.2.1;Packet Transmission Times;278
5.14.2.2;Special Case: Small Packets;281
5.14.2.3;ACK Compression;282
5.14.3;Simulation Results;283
5.14.3.1;Download-Only Case: Fixed Bandwidth Allocation;283
5.14.3.2;Impact of DBA;286
5.14.3.3;Simultaneous Downloading and Uploading;287
5.14.4;Conclusions and Perspectives;289
5.14.5;References;289
5.15;A Fast Channel Switching Method in EPON System for IPTV Service;291
5.15.1;Introduction;291
5.15.2;Problem Analysis;292
5.15.3;The Fast Channel Switching Method;294
5.15.3.1;The Fast IPTV Channel Switching Processing Procedure;294
5.15.3.2;Generating and Maintaining Channel List;295
5.15.3.3;Layered Implementations in ONU and OLT;296
5.15.3.4;Message Sequences for Two Channel Switching Cases;296
5.15.4;Test Bed;297
5.15.5;Conclusion;298
5.15.6;References;298
5.16;WDM Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Schemes for Ethernet PONs;300
5.16.1;Introduction;300
5.16.2;WDM PON;301
5.16.3;Control Message;301
5.16.4;WDM IPACT;302
5.16.5;WDM IPACT-ST;304
5.16.6;Simulations;304
5.16.7;Differentiated Services WDM IPACT-ST;306
5.16.8;Conclusions;307
5.16.9;References;308
5.17;VoIP Performance with Aggressive AMC and SINR Feedback for WiMAX Downlink;309
5.17.1;Introduction;309
5.17.2;System Model;310
5.17.2.1;WiMAX Downlink Frame Structure;310
5.17.2.2;VoIP Traffic Model in WiMAX;310
5.17.3;VoIP with Aggressive AMC and SINR Feedback in WiMAX;311
5.17.3.1;Bundling of Voice Frame (Packet);311
5.17.3.2;Feedback of SINR;313
5.17.3.3;Aggressive AMC;313
5.17.3.4;Scheduling Algorithm;313
5.17.4;Simulation Configurations;314
5.17.4.1;Simulation Parameters;314
5.17.4.2;Simulation Statistics;314
5.17.5;Results and Analysis;315
5.17.5.1;Performance of Frame Bundling for VoIP in WiMAX;315
5.17.5.2;Performance of Aggressive AMC for VoIP in WiMAX;318
5.17.6;Conclusions;321
5.17.7;References;321
5.18;Performance of Adaptive Sub-carrier and Bit Allocation Algorithms for Multi-user OFDM Wireless Systems;323
5.18.1;Introduction;323
5.18.2;System Model;324
5.18.3;Algorithm Comparisons;326
5.18.3.1;Bit Allocation Algorithms for Single User;326
5.18.3.2;Adaptive Sub-carrier and Bit Allocation Algorithms for Multi-users;327
5.18.4;Simulation Results;329
5.18.5;Conclusions;332
5.18.6;References;332
5.19;Proportional Increase Multiplicative Decrease (PIMD) Wireless Scheduler: An Efficient Scheduler for IEEE 802.11e HCF;334
5.19.1;Introduction;334
5.19.2;Background and Literature Survey of Wireless Scheduler;335
5.19.2.1;QoS and Wireless Scheduling;335
5.19.2.2;Wireless Schedulers for IEEE 802.11e WLAN;336
5.19.3;Proportional Increase Multiplicative Decrease (PIMD) Wireless Scheduler for IEEE 802.11e;337
5.19.3.1;Initialization of PIMD;337
5.19.3.2;The PIMD Algorithm;338
5.19.3.3;Discussion;339
5.19.4;Experimental Result;339
5.19.4.1;Test Scenario 1: Only VBR Traffic;340
5.19.4.2;Test Scenario 2: Simultaneous Audio, VBR, and CBR Traffic;341
5.19.5;Conclusion;342
5.19.6;References;342
5.20;Appropriate Templates for Broadband Access in Non-developed and Developing Countries;344
5.20.1;Introduction;344
5.20.2;User Classification;344
5.20.3;Recommended Access Methods;346
5.20.4;Conclusion;351
5.20.5;References;351
5.21;A Unified Framework of the Performance Evaluation of Optical Time-Wavelength Code-Division Multiple-Access Systems;352
5.21.1;Introduction;352
5.21.2;System Model;353
5.21.3;Overlapped Interference Sequences Identification;355
5.21.4;Hits Quantification due to Overlap;356
5.21.5;MAI Limited BER Analysis;358
5.21.6;Numerical Results and Discussion;361
5.21.7;Conclusion;363
5.21.8;References;364
5.22;Performance Analysis of Multi-format WDM-RoF Links Based on Low Cost Laser and SOA;365
5.22.1;Introduction;365
5.22.2;UMTS, WLAN and WiMAX Signals;366
5.22.3;Semiconductor Optical Amplifier;368
5.22.4;Experimental Setup and Results;368
5.22.5;Conclusions;375
5.22.6;References;375
5.23;Performance Evaluation of the Cable Bundle Unique Power Back-Off Algorithm;376
5.23.1;Introduction;376
5.23.2;Standardized Upstream Power Back-Off for VDSL Systems;378
5.23.3;Description of the Cable Bundle Unique Power Back-Off Algorithm;379
5.23.3.1;Parameter Estimation for CUPBO;379
5.23.3.2;Optimization Strategies;381
5.23.3.3;Optimization Algorithm;381
5.23.4;Description of the Demonstrator Platform;382
5.23.4.1;Implementation Details;382
5.23.5;Performance Evaluation and Discussions;384
5.23.5.1;Performance Evaluation for the Two-User Case;384
5.23.5.2;Performance Evaluation for the Three-User Case;389
5.23.5.3;Further Discussions;389
5.23.6;Conclusions;389
5.23.7;References;390
5.24;Estimating Video Quality over ADSL2+ under Impulsive Line Disturbance;392
5.24.1;Introduction;392
5.24.2;Experiment Configuration;393
5.24.2.1;Testbed and Experiment Procedure;394
5.24.2.2;Noise Modeling and Generation;395
5.24.2.3;Configuration Parameters;396
5.24.3;Experiment Results Analysis;397
5.24.3.1;Metric Correlation;399
5.24.4;Video Performance Estimation Models;400
5.24.4.1;Modeling Methodology;400
5.24.4.2;Estimating Packet Loss;401
5.24.4.3;Estimating Video Quality;403
5.24.5;Related Work;405
5.24.6;Conclusions;406
5.24.7;References;407
5.25;Wireless Channel Condition Aware Scheduling Algorithm for Hybrid Optical/Wireless Networks;408
5.25.1;Introduction;408
5.25.2;Background and Related Work;409
5.25.3;Design Issues;410
5.25.3.1;Architectures;411
5.25.3.2;Topology Management;412
5.25.3.3;Resource Management and QoS Support;412
5.25.4;System Model and Gateway Node Functions;413
5.25.5;Scheduler Design;413
5.25.5.1;Function Overview;413
5.25.5.2;Problem Statement;415
5.25.5.3;Scheduling Algorithm;416
5.25.6;Simulation Results;418
5.25.7;Conclusion and Future Work;419
5.25.8;References;419
5.26;Planning Multitechnology Access Networks with Performance Constraints;421
5.26.1;Introduction;421
5.26.2;The Modeling Framework;424
5.26.2.1;The Notation;424
5.26.2.2;Cost Functions;427
5.26.2.3;Preprocessing;428
5.26.2.4;The Model;429
5.26.3;Numerical Results;429
5.26.3.1;An Illustrative Example;430
5.26.3.2;Performance Evaluation;432
5.26.4;Conclusions and Further Works;434
5.26.5;References;435
5.27;Loop Identification and Capacity Estimation of Digital Subscriber Lines with Single Ended Line Testing;438
5.27.1;Introduction;438
5.27.2;Theoretical Background;439
5.27.3;Difficulties;442
5.27.3.1;Near-End Reflection;443
5.27.3.2;Dispersion;443
5.27.3.3;Spatial Resolution;444
5.27.4;Proposed Approach;446
5.27.4.1;Processing;447
5.27.4.2;Non-parametric Estimation;449
5.27.4.3;Parametric Estimation;450
5.27.5;Conclusions;450
5.27.6;References;451
5.28;Optical CDMA with Embedded Spectral-Polarization Coding over Double Balanced Differential-Detector;452
5.28.1;Introduction;452
5.28.2;System Configuration;454
5.28.2.1;Encoder Scheme;454
5.28.2.2;Decoder Scheme;454
5.28.3;Mathematical Analyses;455
5.28.3.1;Codec Scheme over AWG-Based;455
5.28.3.2;MAI Cancellation;457
5.28.4;Performance Analysis;458
5.28.4.1;Signal Power Evaluation;458
5.28.4.2;PIIN Power Evaluation;459
5.28.4.3;Signal to PIIN Ratio Evaluation;461
5.28.5;Simulations and Discussions;463
5.28.6;Conclusions;465
5.28.7;References;466
5.29;Robust Coverage and Performance Testing for Large-Area Wireless Networks;468
5.29.1;Introduction;468
5.29.2;Related Work;469
5.29.3;Method;470
5.29.3.1;Considerations for Radio;470
5.29.3.2;Sampling Design;471
5.29.4;Case Study: Portland, Oregon;473
5.29.4.1;Locating Access Points;474
5.29.4.2;Sampling Design;474
5.29.4.3;Test Device and Procedure;474
5.29.4.4;Results;476
5.29.5;Conclusion;479
5.29.6;References;479
6;Author Index;481
