Watanabe / Nakajima / Touhara Graphite Fluorides

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9000-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 276 Seiten, Web PDF

This volume reviews the preparation, structures, physicochemical properties and applications of graphite fluorides, mainly based on the results obtained by the authors. Their interest in graphite fluorides stemmed from research on the ``anode effect'', in electrolytic production of fluorine gas in KF.2HF melt using carbon electrodes.
The formation of a thin graphite fluoride film on carbon anodes made it difficult to continue the electrolysis of KF.2HF at a high current density. To elucidate this phenomenon studies on graphite fluoride were initiated. In the course of these systematic studies, the use of graphite fluoride in high-energy batteries became successful: a new graphite fluoride (C2F)n was found; and another fluorineographite intercalation compound with ionic bonding, CxF, was synthesized. During this research it was established that CxF is closely associated with the ``anode effect''.
The book will be of interest to all those involved in the study and research of graphite fluorides, particularly fluorine chemists, electrochemists, and fluorine and battery companies.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Watanabe, N.

Nakajima, T.

Touhara, H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Graphite Fluorides;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface;6
6;Chapter 1. Anode Effect in Molten Fluoride Electrolysis;14
6.1;1.1 Introduction;14
6.2;1.2 Overpotential for the Discharge Reaction of Fluoride Ions on a Carbon Electrode;14
6.3;1.3 Several Factors Influencing the Anode Effect;19
6.4;1.4 Graphite Fluoride Film on Carbon Electrodes;21
6.5;1.5 Effect of a Trace of Water and Solid LiF on the Anode Effect (10);28
6.6;References;35
7;Chapter 2. Preparation, Stoichiometry and Structure of Graphite Fluoride;36
7.1;2.1 Introduction;36
7.2;2.2 Preparative Methods and Apparatus;36
7.3;2.3 Fluorination Reaction of Graphite, Stoichiometry and Structure of Graphite Fluoride;43
7.4;2.4 Fluorination Kinetics and Mechanism of Graphite Fluoride Formation;63
7.5;2.5 Fluorination of Non-Graphitizing Carbons and Resulting Compounds;74
7.6;2.6 Fluorination of New Forms of Carbon; Graphite Fibers and Activated Carbon Fibers;84
7.7;References;101
8;Chapter 3. Surface Properties of Graphite Fluorides;103
8.1;3.1 Introduction;103
8.2;3.2 Heats of Immersion, Surface Energy and Water Adsorption Isotherms;103
8.3;3.3 Contact Angles and Surface Free Energies;108
8.4;References;114
9;Chapter 4. Chemical Properties of Graphite Fluorides;115
9.1;4.1 Introduction;115
9.2;4.2 Reaction of Graphite Fluoride with Alkali Halides, Potassium Carbonate and Hydrogen;115
9.3;4.3 Fluorine-Adsorbed Active Carbon;117
9.4;4.4 Photochemical Decomposition of (CF)n;121
9.5;4.5 Decomposition of Graphite Fluoride under Chlorine;125
9.6;4.6 Thermal Decomposition Products of Graphite Fluoride, (CF)n (5);130
9.7;4.7 Rate of Thermal Decomposition of (CF)n in a Vacuum (9);136
9.8;4.8 Thermal Decomposition of (CF)n under Oxygen and Nitrogen Gases (10);143
9.9;4.9 Thermal Decomposition of Graphite Fluoride, (C2F)n in a Vacuum;154
9.10;References;160
10;Chapter 5. Lithium-Graphite Fluoride Battery;161
10.1;5.1 Introduction;161
10.2;5.2 Cathode Preparation and Cell Construction;161
10.3;5.3 Discharge Reaction of a Li-Graphite Fluoride Battery;162
10.4;5.4 Electrode Kinetics of a Graphite Fluoride Cathode;174
10.5;5.5 The Relation Between Cathode Overpotential and Crystallinity of Graphite Fluorides;182
10.6;5.6 Discharge Characteristics of Graphite Fluoride Prepared via Graphite Intercalation Compounds;194
10.7;5.7 Discharge Characteristics of (CF)n Prepared from Residual Carbon obtained by Thermal Decomposition of Graphite Fluoride and Graphite Oxide;205
10.8;References;215
11;Chapter 6. Graphite Fluoride Film on Metallic Aluminum;217
11.1;6.1 Introduction;217
11.2;6.2 Electrochemical Fluorination in Hydrogen Fluoride Solution;217
11.3;6.3 Fluorination by Fluorine Gas;221
11.4;6.4 Fluorination in the Presence of Graphite Fluoride;223
11.5;References;240
12;Chapter 7. Lubricative Property of Graphite Fluoride;241
12.1;7.1 Introduction;241
12.2;7.2 Graphite Fluoride as a Solid Lubricant;241
12.3;7.3 Lubricity of (CF)n-Co-Deposited Metal Film;250
12.4;References;252
13;Chapter 8. Graphite Intercalation Compound of Fluorine;253
13.1;8.1 Introduction;253
13.2;8.2 Preparative Method of CXF;254
13.3;8.3 Stage and Composition of CXF;255
13.4;8.4 Chemical Bonds Between Intercalated Fluorine and Carbon;259
13.5;8.5 Thermal Stability of CXF;261
13.6;8.6 Electrical Conductivity and Air-Stability;261
13.7;8.7 Electrochemical Behavior of CXF;267
13.8;REFERENCES;274
14;Index;275