Welker / Beintker / de Lange Europa reformata (English Edition)

Reformationsstädte Europas und ihre Reformatoren
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-374-04799-4
Verlag: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 512 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 150 mm x 210 mm

This beautifully illustrated, compact volume traces the profile of 48 European cities in early Reformation times. It transports readers across Europe from Spain to Estonia, from Scotland to Romania, passing through many fascinating cities in the Reformation heartland of this continent. With finely drawn historical portraits and abundant pictorial material, the articles by different scholars also feature the most prominent Reformers who lived and worked in each city (including six dynamic women). Supplemented by an illustrated map of Europe, local websites and reading lists, Europa Reformata will serve as a guide for visitors and armchair travelers alike. By highlighting so many cities and pioneers of the Reformation, it makes a timely and unique contribution to the 500th anniversary of this groundbreaking movement. Der prächtige und doch handliche Band zeichnet die reformatorischen Profile von etwa vierzig europäischen Städten nach. Die Leser werden von Spanien über Zentraleuropa bis Estland und Finnland geführt, von Schottland und England bis nach Rumänien. Profilierte Texte und reiches Bildmaterial veranschaulichen das Wirken der berühmtesten Reformatoren - sowie der fünf Reformatorinnen - und stellen die Städte mit ihren Bauten und Zeugnissen aus der Reformationszeit vor Augen. Ergänzt durch eine bebilderte Europakarte und die Angabe von kirchlichen Adressen und Tourismusbüros, eignet sich der Band auch als Reiseführer auf den Spuren der Reformation in Europa. An diesem perfekten Geschenk zum 500. Reformationsjubiläum sollte niemand achtlos vorübergehen.

Michael Welker, Dr. Dr. Dres. h.c., born 1947, is Seniorprofessor and Direktor of the Forschungszentrum Internationale und Interdisziplinäre Theologie (FIIT) at the University of Heidelberg.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Welker, Michael

Beintker, Michael

de Lange, Albert

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Sport | Tourismus | Freizeit Tourismus & Reise Reise & Urlaub: Führer, Landkarten, Pläne
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Weltgeschichte & Geschichte einzelner Länder und Gebietsräume Europäische Geschichte Europäische Regional- & Stadtgeschichte
• Geisteswissenschaften Christentum, Christliche Theologie Kirchengeschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Imprint;5
3;Contents;6
4;Preface;10
5;Introduction;14
5.1;I. The spiritual heart of the Reformation: trust in God’s revelation;14
5.2;II. The importance of the printing press and education for the Reformation;15
5.3;III. Reformation advocacy of education and liberation;16
5.4;IV. Reformation and the sharing of power: the involvement of city councils, guilds and kings;17
5.5;V. Public theology: the importance of sermons and disputations;18
5.6;VI. Catechisms — church ordinances — innovations in ordinary life;19
5.7;VII. Princesses, female Reformers, and young theologians and jurists in leading roles;20
5.8;VIII. European internationality;21
5.9;IX. Thematic conflicts with the Church of Rome;21
5.10;X. Intra-Protestant thematic conflicts;23
6;Antwerp: Jacob Propst, William of Orange and Philip Marnix of St. Aldegonde;26
6.1;A cosmopolitan metropolis;26
6.2;Early support for Luther’s reform;27
6.3;The rise of Anabaptism and Calvinism;29
6.4;Protestant expansion during the annus mirabilis;32
6.5;A last climax of Protestantism: the Calvinist Republic;33
6.6;Further reading;35
6.7;Visiting Antwerp;35
7;Augsburg: Wolfgang Musculus;36
7.1;Augsburg ca. 1520: Episcopal city and global business center;37
7.2;Local parish reformations and the town council’s deferred Reformation;39
7.3;The Council’s late Reformation after the Imperial Diet of 1530 and its theological advocate, Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563);43
7.4;Augsburg as a town of two religions;45
7.5;Further reading;47
7.6;Visiting Augsburg;47
8;Basel: Erasmus of Rotterdamand Johannes Oecolampadius;48
8.1;Two scholars, young and old, become friends;49
8.2;The Greek New Testament;49
8.3;The appearance and condemnation of Luther;51
8.4;Oecolampadius becomes a Reformer;51
8.5;The Reformed city;54
8.6;Further reading;57
8.7;Visiting Basel;57
9;Béarn: Marguerite de Navarre, Gérard Roussel, and Jeanne d’Albret;58
9.1;The Protestant reforms of Gérard Roussel;59
9.2;The Calvinist Reformation of Jeanne d’Albret;61
9.3;Further reading;66
9.4;Visiting Béarn;67
10;Bern: Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel;68
10.1;Significance of the Bern Reformation;68
10.2;Bern — a powerful city-state;69
10.3;Bern’s rich tradition of religious devotion and piety;71
10.4;How the Reformation began in Bern;72
10.5;Supporters of Reformation ideas in Bern;73
10.6;Introduction and establishment of the Reformation in Bern;74
10.7;Consolidation and expansion of the Reformation;77
10.8;Further reading;77
10.9;Visiting Bern;77
11;Breslau (Wroc?aw): Johannes Hess and Zacharias Ursinus;78
11.1;Wroclaw’s historical context;78
11.2;Humanism and the Reformation;79
11.3;Johannes Hess and the adoption of the Reformation in Breslau;82
11.4;Zacharias Ursinus and the international Reformation;85
11.5;Further reading;87
11.6;Visiting Wroc?aw;87
12;Bretten: Philipp Melanchthon;88
12.1;Melanchthon’s place of birth;88
12.2;Southwest German Humanism;91
12.3;Bretten and the Reformation;94
12.4;Further reading;96
12.5;Visiting Bretten;97
13;Cambridge: Thomas Cranmer;98
13.1;In the White Horse Inn;98
13.2;Thomas Cranmer in the reign of Henry VIII;100
13.3;Thomas Cranmer in the reign of Edward VI;104
13.4;Thomas Cranmer in the reign of Mary I;105
13.5;Further reading;107
13.6;Visiting Cambridge;107
14;Constance: Ambrosius, Margarete and Thomas Blarer;108
14.1;Ambrosius und Thomas Blarer;108
14.2;The beginnings of the Reformation in Constance;110
14.3;Margarete Blarer;112
14.4;The Tetrapolitan Confession of 1530;112
14.5;Ambrosius Blarer in Württemberg, 1534–38;114
14.6;The end of the Reformation in Constance;115
14.7;Further reading;117
14.8;Visiting Constance;117
15;Copenhagen: Johannes Bugenhagen;118
15.1;King Christian III and Johannes Bugenhagen;118
15.2;The royal coronation;119
15.3;Adoption of a new church ordinance;121
15.4;Consecration of the seven superintendents;122
15.5;The reopening of the university;123
15.6;Return to Wittenberg;123
15.7;Further reading;125
15.8;Visiting Copenhagen;125
16;Debrecen: Márton Kálmáncsehi Sánta, Péter Melius Juhász;126
16.1;The beginning of the Reformation in Debrecen;126
16.2;Debrecen as “Hungarian Geneva”;129
16.3;Memorial Garden and College;130
16.4;Memorial site of the Reformation;133
16.5;Further reading;134
16.6;Visiting Debrecen;135
17;Edinburgh: George Wishart and John Knox;136
17.1;The beginning of the Scottish Reformation;136
17.2;Edinburgh;136
17.3;James Hamilton, Earl of Arran;138
17.4;George Wishart (ca. 1513–46) and John Knox (ca. 1514–72);139
17.5;John Knox in exile;140
17.6;“The Lords of the Congregation of Jesus Christ”;141
17.7;Mary, Queen of Scots, and James VI;143
17.8;Episcopal or Presbyterian?;145
17.9;Further reading;147
17.10;Visiting Edinburgh;147
18;Emden: John a Lasco;148
18.1;Confessional pluralism;148
18.2;John a Lasco in East Frisia;151
18.3;John a Lasco moves to England;153
18.4;John a Lasco’s return to East Frisia;154
18.5;The refugee churches;156
18.6;Further reading;157
18.7;Visiting Emden;157
19;Ferrara: Renée de France and Olympia Morata;158
19.1;Ferrara;158
19.2;The court of Renée de France;159
19.3;Olympia Morata;161
19.4;The heretical community of Ferrara;163
19.5;Repression;166
19.6;Further reading;167
19.7;Visiting Ferrara;167
20;Geneva: John (Jean) Calvin and Théodore de Bèze;168
20.1;Geneva around 1536;168
20.2;Calvin’s Career in Geneva;169
20.3;The Genevan Consistoire;170
20.4;Geneva — capital of the Reformation;172
20.5;Geneva — holy city or devil’s den?;175
20.6;Further reading;177
20.7;Visiting Geneva;177
21;Hamburg: Stephan Kempe, Johannes Bugenhagen and Johannes Aepinus;178
21.1;Hamburg at the beginning of the sixteenth century;178
21.2;Stephan Kempe (?–1540) and Johannes Bugenhagen (1485–1558);182
21.3;The ecclesiastical and political reorganization of Hamburg in 1528/29;185
21.4;Johannes Aepinus (1499–1553);187
21.5;Further reading;189
21.6;Visiting Hamburg;189
22;Heidelberg: Petrus Dathenus and Zacharias Ursinus;190
22.1;A disputation that excited attention;190
22.2;The halting beginnings of the Reformation;191
22.3;The Reformation Church Order of 1556 under Ottheinrich;192
22.4;Transition to Reformed Protestantism from 1559 to 1576;194
22.5;Further reading;199
22.6;Visiting Heidelberg;199
23;Herborn: Caspar Olevian;200
23.1;Adoption of the Reformation in Nassau-Dillenburg;200
23.2;Establishing the Hohe Schule and appointing Caspar Olevian;202
23.3;The Hohe Schule Herborn as a Reformed educational institution of European fame;205
23.4;Further reading;209
23.5;Visiting Herborn;209
24;Hermannstadt/Sibiu: Paul Wiener;210
24.1;Origin;210
24.2;Imprisonment in Vienna;211
24.3;Hermannstadt;212
24.4;Further reading;217
24.5;Visiting Hermannstadt/Sibiu;217
25;Kronstadt/Bra?ov: Johannes Honterus and Valentin Wagner;218
25.1;A multiethnic region;218
25.2;The “Turkish menace”;219
25.3;Johannes Honterus;220
25.4;Introduction of the Reformation;221
25.5;Valentin Wagner;223
25.6;Today;226
25.7;Further reading;227
25.8;Visiting Kronstadt/Bra?ov;227
26;Leiden: Petrus Bloccius and Jan van Hout;228
26.1;Influence of Luther — the Anabaptists;228
26.2;Petrus Bloccius;230
26.3;The Reformed;232
26.4;Jan van Hout;234
26.5;Conflicting Reformed views of church government;235
26.6;Further reading;237
26.7;Visiting Leiden;237
27;Ljubljana/Laibach: Primož Truber;238
27.1;Ljubljana — capital of the Duchy of Carniola;238
27.2;Primož Truber — from Catholic canon to Lutheran pastor;241
27.3;Counter-Reformation and places of remembrance;244
27.4;Further reading;245
27.5;Visiting Ljubljana;245
28;Lyon: Waldes and Pierre Viret;246
28.1;Waldes;247
28.2;The Waldensians during the Middle Ages;249
28.3;Joining the Reformation;250
28.4;Pierre Viret in Lyon;251
28.5;In conclusion;255
28.6;Further reading;255
28.7;Visiting Lyon;255
28.8;Visiting the Waldensian Valleys;255
29;Marburg: Philipp of Hesse and Adam Krafft;256
29.1;Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous (1504–67);256
29.2;The oldest Protestant university (1527);259
29.3;The Marburg Colloquy (1529);262
29.4;Further reading;265
29.5;Visiting Marburg;265
30;Memmingen: Christoph Schappeler;266
30.1;Christoph Schappeler (1472–1551);266
30.2;Peasants’ Revolt;270
30.3;Further reading;273
30.4;Visiting Memmingen;273
31;Mühlhausen in Thuringia: Thomas Müntzer;274
31.1;Between marking time and setting off;274
31.2;Municipal conflict and Reformation stirrings;276
31.3;The servant of God from Allstedt and the church of the elect;278
31.4;Further reading;283
31.5;Visiting Allstedt and Mühlhausen;283
32;Münster: Bernhard Rothmann, Jan Matthys and Jan van Leiden;284
32.1;Münster — a large city devoted to the old faith in the Holy Roman Empire;285
32.2;Münster’s swing toward Lutheranism;287
32.3;Münster’s path from Anabaptism to Anabaptist kingdom;288
32.4;The bishop recaptures Münster;290
32.5;Further reading;291
32.6;Visiting Münster;291
33;Neuchâtel: William (Guillaume) Farel;292
33.1;Fertile ground for the Reformation;292
33.2;Adoption of the new faith;293
33.3;William (Guillaume) Farel — torchbearer of the gospel;295
33.4;A nerve center for reform;296
33.5;Farel’s Return;297
33.6;Legacy;299
33.7;Further reading;301
33.8;Visiting Neuchâtel;301
34;Nuremberg: Lazarus Spengler and Andreas Osiander;302
34.1;Nuremberg — a center of the Holy Roman Empire;302
34.2;New media and humanism;303
34.3;The beginnings of the Reformation: the reading and preaching movement;305
34.4;The religious colloquy of 3–14 March 1525;308
34.5;Organizing the Reformation until 1533;309
34.6;Religious homogeneity;310
34.7;Further reading;311
34.8;Visiting Nuremberg;311
35;Orlamünde: Andreas Karlstadt;312
35.1;Karlstadt’s benefice in Orlamünde;314
35.2;Orlamünde;315
35.3;Karlstadt in Orlamünde in 1523/24;316
35.4;Expulsion from Orlamünde;319
35.5;Further reading;320
35.6;Visiting Orlamünde;321
36;Oxford: John Wycliffe and William Tyndale;322
36.1;The University of Oxford;322
36.2;Tension between England and the Curia;324
36.3;The theology of John Wycliffe;325
36.4;Wycliffe’s influence;328
36.5;William Tyndale;329
36.6;Further reading;331
36.7;Visiting Oxford;331
37;Prague: Jan Hus;332
37.1;The theology of Jan Hus;332
37.2;Utraquists;335
37.3;Bohemian Brethren;338
37.4;The Reformation in Bohemia and Moravia;338
37.5;Further reading;341
37.6;Visiting Prague;341
38;Reval/Tallinnand Dorpat/Tartu: Hermann Marsow;342
38.1;Livonia at the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity;343
38.2;The beginnings of the Reformation in Livonia;345
38.3;Reformation in Dorpat;346
38.4;Reformation in Reval;347
38.5;Hermann Marsow in Dorpat;350
38.6;Further reading;351
38.7;Visiting Tallinn and Tartu;351
39;Riga: Andreas Knopken;352
39.1;Andreas Knopken;352
39.2;Church of St. Peter;355
39.3;Church of St. James;356
39.4;Iconoclasm;356
39.5;Burcard Waldis;357
39.6;Final adoption of the Reformation;357
39.7;Cathedral Church of St. Mary;358
39.8;Further reading;361
39.9;Visiting Riga;361
40;Schwäbisch Hall: Johannes Brenz;362
40.1;Hall and Heller — the town, salt and money;362
40.2;Free and devout — Hall in the late Middle Ages;364
40.3;Lutheran and Swabian — the Reformer Johannes Brenz in Hall;365
40.4;Words and works — the theologian Johannes Brenz;367
40.5;Mature years and advice — Johannes Brenz in Württemberg;368
40.6;Further reading;369
40.7;Visiting Schwäbisch Hall;369
41;Seville: Dr. Egidio;370
41.1;The Inquisition of 1559/1560;372
41.2;Dr. Egidio;374
41.3;On the trail of Dr. Egidio;378
41.4;Further reading;379
41.5;Visiting Seville;379
42;Speyer: Michael Diller;380
42.1;Initial stirrings of the Reformation;380
42.2;The Imperial Diets of 1526 and 1529;381
42.3;The adoption of the Reformation in 1540;383
42.4;Michael Diller;384
42.5;Consolidation of the Reformation;384
42.6;Church of the Holy Trinity (1717);385
42.7;Memorial Church of the Protestation (1904);386
42.8;Further reading;389
42.9;Visiting Speyer;389
43;Stockholm: Gustav I Wasa and Olaus Petri;390
43.1;Stockholm;390
43.2;Copenhagen;390
43.3;The Stockholm bloodbath of 1520;392
43.4;Gustav I Wasa;393
43.5;Olaus Petri;394
43.6;Sites commemorating the Reformation;396
43.7;Further reading;399
43.8;Visiting Stockholm;399
44;Strasbourg: Martin Bucer and Katharina Zell;400
44.1;Martin Bucer, theologian of “living for others” and “fanatic of unity”;402
44.2;The victory of the Protestant movement in Strasbourg;404
44.3;Katharina Zell: a “Mother of the Church” during the Reformation Age;404
44.4;Further reading;407
44.5;Visiting Strasbourg;407
45;Turku: Michael Agricola;408
45.1;Student in Wittenberg;409
45.2;Teacher in Turku;410
45.3;As Bishop in Turku;412
45.4;Visitations on behalf of the diocese;414
45.5;As a peace mediator in Russia;415
45.6;Conclusion;416
45.7;Further reading;417
46;Ulm: Sebastian Franck and Caspar von Schwenckfeld;418
46.1;Ulm — city of commerce round about the cathedral;418
46.2;Initial sounding boards of the Reformation: private homes and the Barfüsserkirche;419
46.3;Reformation preaching resounds in the cathedral;422
46.4;The public referendum of 1530 and diversity of opinion in the Ulm Reformation;422
46.5;The spiritualistic spokespersons of the Ulm Reformation: Sebastian Franck and Caspar von Schwenckfeld;424
46.6;Conclusion: cathedral echoes of the concert of voices;427
46.7;For further reading;427
46.8;Visiting Ulm;427
47;Venice: Bartolomeo Fonzio and Baldassarre Altieri;428
47.1;The Republic around 1520;428
47.2;The reception of the Reformation in Venice;428
47.3;Bartolomeo Fonzio and the early phase of Venetian “Lutheranism”;431
47.4;Baldassarre Altieri and the crisis of the 1540s;432
47.5;Bartolomeo Fonzio as a clandestine heterodox leader;433
47.6;Inquisitorial repression;434
47.7;Do any traces of “Lutheran” Venice survive nowadays?;435
47.8;Contemporary “Protestant” Venice;436
47.9;Further reading;437
47.10;Visiting Venice;437
48;Viborg: Hans Tausen;438
48.1;Hans Tausen;438
48.2;Tract against Jens Andersen Beldenak, 1529;442
48.3;Implementing the Reformation in Viborg 1529;444
48.4;Jørgen Jensen Sadolin;446
48.5;Further reading;447
48.6;Visiting Viborg;447
49;Vienna: Paul Speratus;448
49.1;Humanism and anticlericalism;448
49.2;Paul Speratus (1484–1551);449
49.3;Anti-Reformation measures;452
49.4;Spread of the Reformation;453
49.5;Counter-Reformation;454
49.6;Further reading;457
49.7;Visiting Vienna;457
50;Witmarsum: Menno Simons;458
50.1;Catholic priest;458
50.2;Anabaptist preacher;461
50.3;Theology;465
50.4;Further reading;466
50.5;Visiting Witmarsum;467
50.6;Visiting Bad Oldesloe;467
51;Wittenberg: Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon;468
51.1;The town of Wittenberg;468
51.2;Martin Luther (1483–1546);471
51.3;Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560);477
51.4;Epilogue;481
51.5;Further reading;481
51.6;Visiting Wittenberg;481
52;Worms: Martin Luther, Hans Denck and Ludwig Hätzer;482
52.1;The Imperial Diet of 1521;482
52.2;Luther’s hearing;483
52.3;The Edict of Worms;486
52.4;The Prophets of Worms;487
52.5;The confessionally divided town;489
52.6;Further reading;491
52.7;Visiting Worms;491
53;Zurich: Huldrych Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger;492
53.1;Zurich;492
53.2;Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531);493
53.3;Intra-Protestant conflicts;497
53.4;Zwingli’s death;497
53.5;Heinrich Bullinger (1504–75);498
53.6;Further reading;501
53.7;Visiting Zurich;501
54;Photo credits;502
55;Übersichtskarte;510

Über Autor(innen)

Michael Welker, Dr. Dr. Dres. h.c., Jahrgang 1947, ist Seniorprofessor und Direktor des Forschungszentrums Internationale und Interdisziplinäre Theologie (FIIT) an der Universität von Heidelberg.