Wight / Mecham Biology of Proteoglycans

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5940-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 414 Seiten, Web PDF

Biology of Proteoglycans provides a representative, but by no means inclusive, sample of current research on the role of proteoglycans in the cell biology of the extracellular matrix. The book is organized into four areas: methodological developments; proteoglycan metabolism; proteoglycans in cartilage; and proteoglycans in 'soft' tissues. It begins with discussions of current methodological developments which have had enormous impact on understanding the complexity of proteoglycan structure. These include the use of monoclonal antibodies to probe the structure of the protein and carbohydrate portions of proteoglycans; and studies on the genes that code for the proteoglycan protein cores and associated proteins. This is followed by separate chapters on various aspects of proteoglycan metabolism, including the synthetic pathway used by cells to synthesize proteoglycans containing heparin and heparan sulfate; the molecular organization of different proteoglycans in cartilage; the role of proteoglycans and associated proteins in the calcification process in growth plate; and the emerging field of proteoglycans in 'soft' or noncartilagenous tissue.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wight, Thomas N.

Mecham, Robert P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Biology of Proteoglycans;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;12
6;CHAPTER 1. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AS PROBES FOR ELUCIDATING PROTEOGLYCAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION;16
6.1;I. Introduction;16
6.2;II. Production, Screening, and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Epitopes Present on Proteoglycan Substructures;17
6.3;III. Monoclonal Antibodies to Epitopes Present on Proteoglycan Monomers;24
6.4;IV. Monoclonal Antibodies to the Link Proteins of Cartilage Proteoglycan Aggregate;36
6.5;V. General Discussion;38
6.6;References;40
7;CHAPTER 2. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PROTEOGLYCANS AND LINK PROTEINS;42
7.1;I. Perspectives;42
7.2;Il. Cell-Free Translation of mRNAs Encoding Proteoglycan Core Proteins and Link Proteins;44
7.3;III. Cloning of Proteoglycan Core Protein and Link Protein cDNAs;53
7.4;IV. Prospectives;64
7.5;References;69
8;CHAPTER 3. BIOSYNTHESIS OF HEPARIN AND HEPARAN SULFATE;74
8.1;I. Introduction;74
8.2;II. The Proteoglycans—Structures and Interactions;75
8.3;III. Outline of the Biosynthetic Process;86
8.4;IV. Regulation of Polymer Modification;95
8.5;V. Organization of the Biosynthetic Apparatus;107
8.6;VI. Perspectives for the Future;112
8.7;References;114
9;CHAPTER 4. PROTEOGLYCAN METABOLISM BY RAT OVARIAN GRANULOSA CELLS IN VITRO;120
9.1;I. Introduction;120
9.2;II. Characterization of Granulosa Cell Proteoglycans;121
9.3;III. Metabolism of Granulosa Cell Proteoglycans;127
9.4;IV. General Considerations;140
9.5;References;143
10;CHAPTER 5. INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEOGLYCANS AS MATRIX RECEPTORS: ROLE IN CYTOSKELETON AND MATRIX ASSEMBLY AT THE EPITHELIAL CELL SURFACE;144
10.1;I. Introduction;144
10.2;II. Characteristics of Mammary Epithelial Cell Surface Proteoglycan;148
10.3;III. Distribution of Epithelial Cell Surface Proteoglycan;153
10.4;IV. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Binds Stromal Matrix Components;157
10.5;V. Cell Surface Proteoglycan as a Matrix Anchor to the Cytoskeleton;160
10.6;VI. Cell Surface Proteoglycan Is a Matrix Receptor;165
10.7;VII. Summary;165
10.8;References;167
11;CHAPTER 6. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PROTEOGLYCANS IN CARTILAGE;170
11.1;I. Introduction;170
11.2;II. Macromolecular Structure of Isolated Proteoglycans Based on Electron-Microscopic Analysis;171
11.3;III. Preservation Methods for Proteoglycans in Tissue;172
11.4;IV. Morphology of Proteoglycans in Cartilage;177
11.5;V. Spatial Arrangement of Proteoglycans in Native Tissue;191
11.6;References;198
12;CHAPTER 7. PROTEOGLYCANS, CHONDROCALCIN, AND THE CALCIFICATION OF CARTILAGE MATRIX IN ENDOCHONDRIAL OSSIFICATION;202
12.1;I. Anatomical Organization of the Growth Plate;202
12.2;II. Composition and Organization of the Cartilage Matrix of Growth Plate;205
12.3;III. Changes in the Proteoglycans of the Growth Plate Associated with Calcification;216
12.4;IV. Purified Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans Can Bind Calcium and Inhibit Calcification in Vitro;220
12.5;V. A Unifying Hypothesis to Explain the Proteoglycan Changes That May Occur in Calcifying Growth Plate Cartilage;221
12.6;References;222
13;CHAPTER 8. BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN PROTEOGLYCANS;226
13.1;I. Introduction;226
13.2;II. Aging and Maturation;228
13.3;III. Proteoglycan Populations: Age-Related Changes;233
13.4;IV. Biosynthesis;251
13.5;V. Proteoglycans in Disease;255
13.6;References;259
14;CHAPTER 9. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS OF THE SYNAPSE;262
14.1;I. Introduction;262
14.2;II. ECM Components Are Involved in Synaptic Regeneration;262
14.3;III. Axonal Transport of Sulfated Materials;264
14.4;IV. Proteoglycans in Secretory Vesicles;265
14.5;V. A Synaptic Junctional Proteoglycan Related to the Vesicle Form;266
14.6;VI. Purification and Characterization of the ECM Proteoglycan;270
14.7;VII. The Antigenic Determinant of Electric Organ TAP;271
14.8;VIII. Insertion of the Anchorage Protein;272
14.9;IX. Other Components of the ECM at the Synapse;273
14.10;References;277
15;CHAPTER 10. BLOOD VESSEL PROTEOGLYCANS;282
15.1;I. Introduction;282
15.2;II. Biochemistry of Arterial Proteoglycans;283
15.3;III. Morphology of Arterial Proteoglycans;285
15.4;IV. Proteoglycans in Atherosclerosis;289
15.5;V. Cell Culture Studies;296
15.6;VI. Concluding Remarks;309
15.7;References;310
16;CHAPTER 11. HEPARAN SULFATE SPECIES AND BLOOD VESSEL WALL FUNCTION;316
16.1;I. Introduction;316
16.2;II. The Role of Heparan Sulfate Species as a Regulator of Coagulation Mechanism Activity;316
16.3;III. Role of Heparan Sulfate as a Modulator of Smooth Muscle Proliferation;334
16.4;References;353
17;CHAPTER 12. CELL-ASSOCIATED PROTEOGLYCANS IN HUMAN MALIGNANT MELANOMA;360
17.1;I. Extracellular Matrix Composition during Tumorigenesis;360
17.2;II. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Synthesized by Human Melanoma Cells: Production of Monoclonal Antibodies;361
17.3;III. Biosynthesis and Intracellular Transport of Proteoglycans;371
17.4;IV. Conclusion;377
17.5;References;379
18;CHAPTER 13. INTRACELLULAR PROTEOGLYCANS IN CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM;382
18.1;I. Introduction;382
18.2;II. Localization and Characterization of Secretory Granule Proteoglycans in Different Cell Types;382
18.3;III. Speculated Functions of Intracellular Proteoglycans in Immunity and Inflammation;393
18.4;IV. Summary;396
18.5;References;397
19;INDEX;404