E-Book, Englisch, Band Vol. 39, 80 Seiten
E-Book, Englisch, Band Vol. 39, 80 Seiten
Reihe: Advances in Psychotherapy - Evidence-Based Practice
ISBN: 978-1-61676-406-7
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
One in every six children, and more in some ethnic groups, are obese, which can lead to serious health problems in adulthood. Successful treatment of young patients is complex, requiring time-intensive, evidence-based care delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Help is at hand with this well written, compact book by leading experts, which gives health professionals a clear overview of the current scientific knowledge on childhood obesity, from causality models and diagnosis to prevention and treatment. In particular, the authors outline a family-based treatment method which is best supported by the evidence and meets the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and other organizations. The appendix provides the clinician with hands-on tools: a session plan, a pretreatment assessment form, self-monitoring forms, and a meal planning and physical activity worksheet. This book is essential reading for anyone who works with children and their families, equipping them to guide patients to appropriate and effective treatment.
Zielgruppe
Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, family practitioners and counselors, as well as students.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie, Suchttherapie
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Psychotherapie / Klinische Psychologie Essstörungen & Therapie
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Ernährungsmedizin, Diätetik
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Entwicklungspsychologie Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Essstörungen & Therapie
- Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Adipositas, Adipositastherapie
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Psychotherapie / Klinische Psychologie Psychopathologie
- Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Psychotherapie / Klinische Psychologie Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Childhood Obesity;1
1.1;Contents;10
2;1 Description;12
3;2 Theories and Models of the Disorder;24
4;3 Diagnosis and Treatment Indications;40
5;4 Treatment;44
6;5 Case Vignette;58
7;6 Further Reading;62
8;7 References;64
9;8 Appendix: Tools and Resources;76
|1|1
Description
1.1 Terminology
Obesity is not currently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Deliberations for inclusion were allowed because of the body of evidence documenting associations and similar behaviors and brain patterns, between obesity and many other psychiatric disorders. However, the Eating Disorders Work Group of the task force concluded that there is insufficient evidence to include obesity in the DSM-5, because of the heterogeneity observed across the condition and the incompletely understood etiology (Marcus & Wildes, 2012). In contrast, obesity is formally recognized as a disease by the American Medical Association (Pollack, 2013) and the Obesity Society (Allison et al., 2008). 1.2 Definition
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight and obesity as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health” (World Health Organization, 2014). Identification of children with excess weight is a challenge due to the influences of child age, sex, pubertal status, and race/ethnicity on body composition. To account for these factors and the growth rate in children, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the WHO have developed age- and sex-specific growth charts, which were updated in 2000 and 2006, respectively (Borghi et al., 2006; Kuczmarski et al., 2002). Definitions for obesity in childhood have been issued by the WHO (de Onis et al., 2007), CDC (Kuczmarski et al., 2002), and International Task Force on Obesity (IOTF) (Cole, Bellizzi, Flegal, & Dietz, 2000) (Table 1). Child weight status is determined first by calculating body mass index (BMI), defined as a child’s weight in kilograms divided by the child’s height in meters squared, and second, by comparing the child’s current BMI with the age- and sex-specific reference values. IOTF cutoffs are based on combined international reference data from Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, The Netherlands, Singapore, and the US (Cole et al., 2000) and are not intended for clinical use. More information regarding the use of BMI in the identification of child overweight and obesity is provided in Section 1.7. |2|Table 1 Definitions of Childhood and Adult Overweight and Obesity Source Age Overweight Obese Underweight CDC 2–19 BMI = 85th percentile and < 95th percentile BMI = 95th percentile BMI < 5th percentile WHO 0–5 BMI > 2 standard deviations above the WHO growth standard median BMI > 3 standard deviations above the WHO growth standard median BMI < 2 standard deviations below the WHO growth standard median WHO 5–9 BMI > 1 standard deviation above the WHO growth standard median BMI > 2 standard deviations above the WHO growth standard median BMI < 2 standard deviations below the WHO growth standard median International Obesity Task Forcea 2–18 International age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff points that correspond to the adult definition of = 25 BMI International age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff points that correspond to the adult definition of = 30 BMI International age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff points that correspond to the < 18.5 or < 17 BMI adult criteria are suggested, but these points need validation CDC, WHO Adults 25.0 = BMI = 29.9 BMI = 30.0 Subcategories Grade 1: BMI 30–35 Grade 2: BMI 35–40 Grade 3: BMI = 40 BMI < 18.5 Note. Body mass index (BMI) is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. CDC = US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO = World Health Organization. aNot intended for clinical use. |3|1.3 Epidemiology
The global prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades (Swinburn et al., 2011). Although it is difficult to directly compare obesity prevalence among youths of different countries, due to differing definitions of obesity, childhood obesity tends to be more prevalent in the US than in other developed countries (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2012). In the US, the national rate of childhood obesity is 18.5% for children ages 2–19 (The State of Obesity, 2017), indicating that the rate of childhood obesity has tripled over the past 40 years. Other developed countries (Swinburn et al., 2011) and even developing countries in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia (Gupta, Goel, Shah, & Misra, 2012) have also shown increases in childhood obesity prevalence. Increases in childhood obesity are especially pronounced in the Gulf Arab states, such as the United Arab Emirates (Malik & Bakir, 2007). Globally among preschool children (< 5 years old), 43 million to 35 million in developing countries alone were estimated to have overweight or obesity in 2010 (de Onis, Blossner, & Borghi, 2010). Table 2 Prevalence of Childhood Obesity (BMI = 95th Percentile) by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity in the US Race/Ethnicity Age group 2–5 years 6–11 years 12–19 years Males Hispanic 17.8% ...
