Schroten / Wirth Pediatric Infectious Diseases Revisited

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-7643-8099-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 504 Seiten

Starting with historical, epidemiological and sociocultural issues, this book presents clinical and molecular biological aspects of pediatric infectious diseases. The text offers new insights into the pathogenesis of infection, and updates on diagnostics, prevention and treatment of pediatric viral, fungal and bacterial diseases, as well as emerging new pathogens. The book will interest an interdisciplinary audience of clinicians and non-clinicians: pediatricians, infectious disease researchers, virologists, microbiologists and more.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schroten, Horst

Wirth, Stefan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;6
2;List of contributors;8
3;Preface;10
4;Glossary;11
5;Global control of infectious diseases by vaccination programs;15
5.1;Abstract;15
5.2;Introduction;16
5.3;Immunization policies and strategies;19
5.4;Current status, remaining problems, and progress achieved;28
5.5;Brief updates on priority current, under-used and new vaccines;35
5.6;References;49
5.7;Abstract;56
5.8;Introduction;56
6;Potential impact of rotavirus vaccination on the mortality of children in developing countries;56
6.1;Burden of rotavirus disease;57
6.2;Epidemiology of rotavirus in young children;58
6.3;Characteristics of rotavirus important for vaccine development;60
6.4;Pathogenesis and clinical presentation;62
6.5;Immunity against rotavirus infection;62
6.6;Rotavirus vaccine development;64
6.7;Challenges to rotavirus vaccine development;71
6.8;References;74
7;Controversially discussed indications for immunization;83
7.1;Abstract;83
7.2;Introduction;83
7.3;Immunization is safe and one of the most effective disease prevention measures;84
7.4;Indications for the immunization of selected risk groups;95
7.5;Contraindications and false contraindications;103
7.6;References;105
8;Gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum: Historic impact of Credé’s eye prophylaxis;107
8.1;Abstract;107
8.2;The endangered eyesight;108
8.3;Carl Siegmund Franz Credé, introducer of the antiseptic eye prophylaxis with silver nitrate;108
8.4;“Prevention of Inflammatory eye disease in the newborn. Information from the Maternity Clinic Leipzig by Credé” [22];110
8.5;Ludwig Sigesmund Albert Neisser and insights into etiology and pathophysiology of gonorrhea at Credé’s time;115
8.6;Discussion of Credé’s activities and his “four publications with the same title”;117
8.7;Credé’s prophylaxis today;118
8.8;Some confusion about Carl Credé?;119
8.9;Addendum;120
8.10;References;124
9;Malnutrition and infection in industrialized countries;128
9.1;Abstract;128
9.2;Introduction;128
9.3;Pathophysiology of malnutrition;129
9.4;Immune dysfunction and malnutrition;132
9.5;Specific micronutrient deficiencies;135
9.6;Malnutrition syndromes of childhood;136
9.7;Chronic infection;142
9.8;References;145
10;Better education through improved health and nutrition: implications for early childhood development programs in developing countries;155
10.1;Abstract;155
10.2;Introduction;155
10.3;Health and nutrition problems in preschool children;156
10.4;Impact of health and nutrition on school readiness;156
10.5;Programmatic responses;174
10.6;Interventions: What works?;174
10.7;Health or education interventions: Targeting disease or symptoms?;178
10.8;Promoting equity through preschool health interventions;179
10.9;Conclusions;179
10.10;References;180
11;Early childhood caries and childhood periodontal diseases;187
11.1;Abstract;187
11.2;Introduction;187
11.3;Early childhood caries;188
11.4;Childhood periodontal diseases;194
11.5;References;203
12;Role of the blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis;208
12.1;Abstract;208
12.2;Introduction;208
12.3;Bacterial meningitis;209
12.4;The pathogenetic cascade;210
12.5;The blood-CNS barriers;212
12.6;Gateways into the brain;215
12.7;Experimental models for blood-CNS-barrier observations;219
12.8;Microbial translocation across the blood-CNS barrier;222
12.9;Interactions between bacteria and blood-CNS barrier cells;224
12.10;BBB disruption and pleocytosis;228
12.11;Immunological properties of the blood-CNS barrier;229
12.12;Conclusion;233
12.13;References;233
13;The molecular basis of paediatric malarial disease;247
13.1;Abstract;247
13.2;Introduction;247
13.3;Severe malaria in children compared to adults;249
13.4;How might P. falciparum cause this complex disease?;250
13.5;Metabolic acidosis in falciparum malaria;257
13.6;Neurological involvement in malaria;259
13.7;Red cell abnormalities and malaria;264
13.8;Potential therapies directed at disease mechanisms;265
13.9;References;267
14;Epidemiology and etiology of Kawasaki disease;281
14.1;Abstract;281
14.2;Introduction;281
14.3;Diagnostic criteria and diagnostic approach;282
14.4;Epidemiology;282
14.5;Pathology;289
14.6;Etiology;293
14.7;References;295
15;Helicobacter pylori infection in children;304
15.1;Abstract;304
15.2;Introduction;304
15.3;Epidemiology;305
15.4;Pathogenesis;305
15.5;Clinical presentation;306
15.6;Helicobacter pylori and abdominal pain;308
15.7;H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease;309
15.8;Extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection in children;309
15.9;Refractory iron-deficiency and H. pylori infection;309
15.10;Idiopathic thrombocytopenia and H. pylori infection;310
15.11;Investigations;311
15.12;Antibiotic resistance;315
15.13;Treatment;315
15.14;Conclusion;316
15.15;References;316
16;Human metapneumovirus infection;323
16.1;Abstract;323
16.2;Background;323
16.3;Epidemiology;326
16.4;Pathogenesis and host response;329
16.5;Diagnosis;336
16.6;Clinical characteristics;338
16.7;Vaccination;341
16.8;Conclusions;344
16.9;References;344
17;Avian influenza viruses: a severe threat of a pandemic in children?;351
17.1;Abstract;351
17.2;Introduction;351
17.3;Influenza virus;352
17.4;Pandemic influenza;352
17.5;Avian influenza virus;353
17.6;Spread of H5N1 influenza in avian populations;354
17.7;Epidemiology and clinical features of avian influenza in children;355
17.8;Clinical presentation and outcome;357
17.9;Diagnosis;359
17.10;Treatment;360
17.11;Vaccines;361
17.12;Summary;363
17.13;References;363
18;Human papillomavirus infections in children;370
18.1;Abstract;370
18.2;Introduction;370
18.3;Biology of the HPV;371
18.4;Demographics and epidemiology;372
18.5;Natural history;373
18.6;Diagnosis of warts;373
18.7;Defining wart types;373
18.8;Host response (Tab. 3);379
18.9;Host side effects of note;381
18.10;Conditions with excessive numbers of warts;382
18.11;Malignant conversion of HPV;384
18.12;Role of HPV in non-wart skin conditions;385
18.13;Differential diagnosis;385
18.14;Genital HPV infection;387
18.15;Conclusions;389
18.16;References;389
19;New treatments for hepatitis B and C in children and adolescents;396
19.1;Abstract;396
19.2;Hepatitis B;397
19.3;Hepatitis C;403
19.4;References;407
20;Invasive fungal infections in children: advances and perspectives;410
20.1;Abstract;410
20.2;Introduction;410
20.3;Host biology: Aspects unique to pediatric patients;411
20.4;Pediatric populations at risk for invasive infections;412
20.5;Epidemiology and presentation of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients;412
20.6;Recent advances in early diagnosis and preemptive therapy;421
20.7;Pediatric pharmacology of established antifungal agents;422
20.8;New agents for treatment and prevention and their pediatric development;436
20.9;Selected management issues of invasive fungal infections;447
20.10;Conclusions;449
20.11;References;450
21;Pediatric aspects of bioterrorism;478
21.1;Abstract;478
21.2;Introduction;478
21.3;Anthrax;481
21.4;Smallpox;485
21.5;References;488
22;Pediatric infectious diseases – Quo vadis 2015?;490
22.1;Abstract;490
22.2;Introduction;490
22.3;Current activities of the pediatric infectious disease specialist;491
22.4;New developments for the specialists in pediatric infectious diseases;494
22.5;Conclusions;499
22.6;References;500
23;Index;502