Witzany Biocommunication and Natural Genome Editing

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3319-2
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 213 Seiten

I wrote this book for biologists and those who are interested in both biological affairs in general and perspectives which integrate a large number of specialised biological disciplines. The theory of biocommunication presented herein investigates signal transd- tion processes among cells, tissues, organs and organisms in bacteria, animals (corals and bees), fungi and plants in the light of the current available empirical data. Because life is the central focus of the life sciences, this theory will also focus on typical features of life as opposed to inorganic matter. Because this eld of investigation is based on the methodological primacy of a pragmatic action theory, the book may also be of interest to researchers of lingu- tics, communication sciences and sociology (e.g. plant sociology, animal sociology) who would welcome an overview of these highly specialised biological disciplines. Current molecular biology as well as cell biology investigates its scienti c object by using key terms such as genetic code, code without commas, misre- ing of the genetic code, coding, open reading frame, genetic storage medium DNA, genetic information, genetic alphabet, genetic expression, messenger RNA, ce- to-cell communication, immune response, transcription, translation, nucleic acid language, amino acid language, recognition sequences, recognition sites, protein coding sequences, repeat sequences, signalling, signal transduction, signalling codes, signalling pathways, etc.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Witzany, Guenther

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Acknowledgements;7
3;Contents;8
4;1 Introduction: Metaphysical and Postmetaphysical Relationships of Humans with Nature and Life;13
4.1;1.1 Metaphysical vs. Mythological Construction of Nature;13
4.1.1;1.1.1 Monistic-Organismic World Views;15
4.1.2;1.1.2 Pluralistic-Mechanistic World Views;16
4.1.3;1.1.3 Organic-Morphological World View;18
4.2;1.2 Delimitations Against Metaphysics;19
4.2.1;1.2.1 Linguistic Turn;20
4.2.2;1.2.2 Manfred Eigen's Adaptation of the Linguistic Turn to Biology;21
4.2.3;1.2.3 Deficiencies of Manfred Eigen's Depiction Theory of Language;23
4.2.4;1.2.4 G'del's 'Incompleteness Theorem' and Real-Life Languages;25
4.3;1.3 The Roots of the Idea of an Exact Scientific Language;26
4.4;1.4 Postmetaphysical Thinking: Pragmatic Turn;28
4.4.1;1.4.1 The End of Linguistic Turn;28
4.4.2;1.4.2 The Fundamental Status of Communicative Intersubjectivity;30
4.4.3;1.4.3 Evolutionary History: History of Rule-Governed Sign-Mediated Interactions;32
4.4.4;1.4.4 Biology in the Realm of a Theory of Biocommunication;32
4.5;1.5 Recent Applications of Language and Communication in Biology;32
4.5.1;1.5.1 Biolinguistics and Bioinformatics;33
4.5.2;1.5.2 Biosemiotics and Biohermeneutics;34
4.5.3;1.5.3 Biocommunication;35
4.6;1.6 The Structural Format of the Following Chapters;36
4.7;References;37
5;2 Plant Communication;39
5.1;2.1 Introduction: Multilevel Communication Competence of Plants;39
5.2;2.2 Chemical Vocabulary of Plants;40
5.2.1;2.2.1 Context-Dependent Auxin as Neurotransmitter, Hormone, Morphogenic Sign;41
5.2.2;2.2.2 Hormones;41
5.2.3;2.2.3 RNAs;43
5.2.4;2.2.4 Multiply Re-usable Components;43
5.3;2.3 Interpretation of Mechanical Influences;43
5.4;2.4 Transorganismic (Transspecific) Communication;44
5.4.1;2.4.1 Coordination of Defence against Pests and Injury;44
5.4.2;2.4.2 Communicative Coordination of Symbioses;46
5.4.3;2.4.3 Vital Symbiosis of Plant Roots with Bacteria, Fungi and Animals;46
5.4.4;2.4.4 Viral Symbiotic Interactions;47
5.5;2.5 Interorganismic Communication;48
5.6;2.6 Intraorganismic Communication;49
5.6.1;2.6.1 Most Intercellular Communication via Plasmodesmata;49
5.6.2;2.6.2 Intracellular Communication;51
5.7;2.7 Plant Communication: Plant Neurobiology and the Emergence of Mind?;54
5.8;2.8 Conclusion;56
5.9;References;58
6;3 Communicative Competences of Honey-Bees;64
6.1;3.1 Introduction;64
6.2;3.2 Honey-Bees in the Colder Hemispheres;65
6.2.1;3.2.1 The Communication Process Behind the Founding of a New Colony;66
6.2.2;3.2.2 The Sign-Mediated Interaction of Foraging;68
6.3;3.3 Further Features of Honey-Bee Communication;69
6.3.1;3.3.1 The Types of Dances and Their Meanings;69
6.3.2;3.3.2 Forms of Communication Beyond Dances;70
6.3.3;3.3.3 Humans can Understand the Bee-Language;70
6.3.4;3.3.4 Dialects of the Bee-Language;70
6.4;3.4 Language and Communication in Bees: Context Determines Meaning;71
6.4.1;3.4.1 Foundation of a New Colony;72
6.4.2;3.4.2 Food Gathering;74
6.4.3;3.4.3 Dialects in Different Cultural Life-Worlds;75
6.4.4;References;75
7;4 Biocommunication of Corals;77
7.1;4.1 Introduction;77
7.2;4.2 Semiochemical Vocabulary of Corals;78
7.3;4.3 Interpretation of External Influences;80
7.4;4.4 Transorganismic (Trans-Species) Communication;81
7.4.1;4.4.1 Coordination of Defence and Regeneration;82
7.4.2;4.4.2 Communicative Coordination of Symbioses;83
7.5;4.5 Interorganismic (Species-Specific and Species-Related) Communication;84
7.6;4.6 Intraorganismic Communication;86
7.6.1;4.6.1 Intercellular Communication;87
7.6.2;4.6.2 Intracellular Communication;87
7.7;4.7 Conclusion;89
7.8;References;92
8;5 Biocommunication of Fungal Organisms;98
8.1;5.1 Introduction;98
8.2;5.2 Semiochemical Vocabulary of Fungi;100
8.3;5.3 Interpretation of Abiotic Indices;100
8.4;5.4 Transorganismic Communication;102
8.5;5.5 Biocommunication Among Fungal Species;104
8.6;5.6 Biocommunication Within Fungal Organisms;106
8.6.1;5.6.1 Intercellular Communication;106
8.6.2;5.6.2 Intracellular Communication;107
8.6.3;5.6.3 Unique Relationship Between Fungi and Viruses;109
8.7;5.7 Conclusion;111
8.8;References;112
9;6 Bacteria Communication;117
9.1;6.1 Introduction;117
9.1.1;6.1.1 Biocommunicative Competences of Bacteria;117
9.1.2;6.1.2 Biofilm Organisation: Interpretation and Coordination;119
9.2;6.2 Semiochemical Vocabulary and Communicative Goals;119
9.3;6.3 Transorganismic Communication;121
9.4;6.4 Interorganismic Communication;123
9.5;6.5 Intraorganismic Communication;125
9.5.1;6.5.1 Intracellular Communication;126
9.5.2;6.5.2 Bacterial Evolution and the Agents of Natural Genome Editing;127
9.5.3;6.5.3 Lytic versus Persistent Viral Life-Strategies;127
9.5.4;6.5.4 Bacteria as Biotic Matrix for Natural Genome Editing;129
9.6;6.6 Conclusion;130
9.7;References;132
10;7 Natural Genome Editing Competences of Viruses and Virus-Like Agents;137
10.1;7.1 Introduction;137
10.2;7.2 Non-Coding Regulatory Networks;138
10.3;7.3 Major Viral Life Strategies;139
10.4;7.4 Examples of Diverse Viral Life Strategies;141
10.4.1;7.4.1 Virus Escape;142
10.4.2;7.4.2 Wall Off;142
10.4.3;7.4.3 Addiction Module: Reciprocal Interaction;142
10.4.4;7.4.4 Multiplicity Reactivation;142
10.4.5;7.4.5 Sexual Isolation;143
10.5;7.5 Pre-Cellular Life: Early RNA- and DNA-Viruses;143
10.6;7.6 Origin of the Eukaryotic Nucleus;144
10.7;7.7 Origin of the Adaptive Immunity;147
10.7.1;7.7.1 The Acquisition of a Complex New Phenotype;148
10.7.2;7.7.2 Ancestral Origin of an Adaptive Immune System;150
10.8;7.8 Evolution of Placental Mammals;150
10.9;7.9 Conclusion;151
10.10;References;153
11;8 How Bacteria Escaped Selection Pressure of the Early RNA-World;156
11.1;8.1 Introduction;156
11.2;8.2 From Pre-Cellular RNA-Copying to RNA-Coding;156
11.3;8.3 Communal Evolution: From LUCA to LUCAs;158
11.4;8.4 Old but Good: Current Competences from an Ancient World;159
11.5;References;161
12;9 Viral Origins of Telomeres and Telomerases;163
12.1;9.1 Introduction;163
12.2;9.2 Different Molecular Syntax of Telomere Sequences;164
12.3;9.3 Telomere Replication in Most Cases by Telomerase;165
12.3.1;9.3.1 Reverse Transcriptases and Mobile Elements;165
12.3.2;9.3.2 Roles of Reverse Transcriptases in Natural Genome Editing;166
12.4;9.4 Telomeres are Characteristics of Eukarya;168
12.5;9.5 Agents of Natural Genome Editing;168
12.6;9.6 Superficial and Deep Grammar in Eukaryotic Genome Content;170
12.7;9.7 Conclusion;171
12.8;References;172
13;10 Real Life-World of Noncoding RNA-Species;176
13.1;10.1 Introduction;176
13.2;10.2 Genetic Text-Sequences Function Similar to any Natural Language;177
13.3;10.3 Cellular DNA Nucleotide Sequences as Viral Life Habitat;178
13.3.1;10.3.1 The Persistence of the Eukaryotic Nucleus;179
13.4;10.4 Viral Agents as Genetic Editors;180
13.4.1;10.4.1 Persistent Viral Life Strategies Change Genetic Host-Identities;181
13.4.2;10.4.2 Former Competing Genetic Parasites Built Addiction Modules;181
13.4.2.1;10.4.2.1 The Symbiogenetic Lifestyle of Retroviruses;182
13.4.2.2;10.4.2.2 'Highways' that Play Important Roles in Persistence;182
13.4.2.3;10.4.2.3 The Kinesin/Dynein Addiction Module;183
13.5;10.5 Competent Regulators of Gene Expression;185
13.5.1;10.5.1 Identification and Regulation by microRNAs and siRNAs;185
13.5.2;10.5.2 Non-coding RNAs act as Ribonucleoproteins;188
13.5.3;10.5.3 Small Nuclear and Small Nucleolar RNAs;189
13.5.4;10.5.4 Currently Identified Roles of Small Nucleolar RNAs;190
13.5.5;10.5.5 The tRNA Consortium;192
13.6;10.6 Reciprocal Interacting Agents;193
13.7;10.7 Conclusion;195
13.8;References;196
14;11 Outlook;202
14.1;11.1 From Mechanistic Biology to Biocommunication;202
14.2;11.2 Three Kinds of Signs in Biocommunication;204
14.3;11.3 Context Determines Meaning;205
14.4;11.4 Living Nature and Non-living Nature;205
14.5;11.5 Biocommunication Defines a Biotic Plus;206
14.6;11.6 The Advantages of Biocommunicative Biology;206
14.7;11.7 Linguistic and Communicative Competences in Non-human Nature;207
14.8;11.8 Complementary Roles of Linguistic and Communicative Competences;208
14.9;11.9 New Qualities for Future Decisions;208
15;Index;210