Wolfe Estuarine variability

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8938-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 509 Seiten, Web PDF

Approx.509 pages

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wolfe, Douglas A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Estuarine Variability;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;FOREWORD;12
6;PREFACE;14
7;PART 1: OVERVIEW;16
7.1;CHAPTER 1. ESTUARINE VARIABILITY: AN OVERVIEW;18
7.1.1;Introduction;18
7.1.2;Geographic Variability;19
7.1.3;Temporal and Spatial Variability of Estuaries;20
7.1.4;Modeling Estuarine Variability;23
7.1.5;Sources of Variability in Estuaries;25
7.1.6;References Cited;30
8;PART 2: ESTUARINE GEOGRAPHIC VARIABILITY;34
8.1;CHAPTER 2. VARIABILITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF TWO ADJACENT BEDROCK-FRAMED ESTUARIES IN MAINE;36
8.1.1;Introduction;36
8.1.2;Location and Previous Work;37
8.1.3;Late Quaternary Geological History of South Central Maine;40
8.1.4;Methods;41
8.1.5;Stratigraphy of the Embayments;41
8.1.6;Discussion and Conclusions;53
8.1.7;Acknowledgments;55
8.1.8;References Cited;55
8.2;CHAPTER 3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESTUARIES BORDERING THE YELLOW SEA;58
8.2.1;Introduction;58
8.2.2;The Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary;60
8.2.3;The Huang Ho (Yellow) Estuary;64
8.2.4;Yalu (Aprock) River Estuary;65
8.2.5;Han River Estuary;67
8.2.6;The Keum River Estuary;69
8.2.7;A Comparison of Estuaries on the East and West Coasts of the Yellow Sea;71
8.2.8;Acknowledgments;75
8.2.9;References Cited;75
8.3;CHAPTER 4. COMPARATIVE OCEANOGRAPHY OF COASTAL LAGOONS;78
8.3.1;Introduction;78
8.3.2;Characteristics of Ten Lagoons;79
8.3.3;Discussion;90
8.3.4;Final Comments;93
8.3.5;Acknowledgments;93
8.3.6;References Cited;94
8.4;CHAPTER 5. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS,VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION AND FISHERIES YIELD IN GULF OF MEXICO ESTUARIES;98
8.4.1;Introduction;98
8.4.2;Methods;99
8.4.3;Variability of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries;101
8.4.4;Synthesis;112
8.4.5;Acknowledgments;112
8.4.6;References Cited;112
9;PART 3: TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN ESTUARIES;116
9.1;CHAPTER 6. TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF ELEVATIONS,CURRENTS AND SALINITY IN A WELL-MIXED ESTUARY;118
9.1.1;Introduction;118
9.1.2;Observations and Data;119
9.1.3;Time-Series Analysis;120
9.1.4;Theoretical Analysis;127
9.1.5;Modeling Conclusions;136
9.1.6;Acknowledgments;136
9.1.7;References Cited;137
9.2;CHAPTER 7. INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF PARTIALLY MIXED ESTUARIES: DISSOLVED SILICATE CYCLES IN NORTHERN SAN FRANCISCO BAY;138
9.2.1;Introduction;138
9.2.2;Methods;142
9.2.3;The Annual and Seasonal Cycle;142
9.2.4;Some Causes and Characteristics of Interannual Variability;144
9.2.5;Acknowledgments;150
9.2.6;References Cited;150
9.3;CHAPTER 8. CONVERGENT FRONTS IN THE CIRCULATION OF TIDAL ESTUARIES;154
9.3.1;Introduction;154
9.3.2;Frontogenesis by Buoyant Forces;155
9.3.3;Direct Observations of Transverse Motions;163
9.3.4;Discussion;166
9.3.5;Acknowledgment;167
9.3.6;References Cited;167
9.4;CHAPTER 9. TIDAL RECTIFICATION IN THE PECONIC BAYS ESTUARY;168
9.4.1;Introduction;168
9.4.2;Analysis;170
9.4.3;Discussion;171
9.4.4;Acknowledgments;175
9.4.5;References Cited;175
9.5;CHAPTER 10. FLOW-INDUCED VARIATION IN TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION PATHWAYS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY:THE EFFECT ON PHYTOPLANKTON DOMINANCE AND ANOXIA;176
9.5.1;Introduction;176
9.5.2;Methods;177
9.5.3;Results;177
9.5.4;Discussion;186
9.5.5;Acknowledgments;189
9.5.6;References Cited;189
9.6;CHAPTER 11. EFFECT OF WATERSHED MODIFICATION ON A SMALL COASTAL PLAIN ESTUARY;192
9.6.1;Introduction;192
9.6.2;Research Area;194
9.6.3;Methods;196
9.6.4;Analysis and Results;197
9.6.5;Discussion;203
9.6.6;Acknowledgments;206
9.6.7;References Cited;206
9.7;CHAPTER 12. DIURNAL VARIATION OF SURFACE PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE PATUXENT RIVER;208
9.7.1;Introduction;208
9.7.2;Results;210
9.7.3;Discussion;210
9.7.4;Summary;216
9.7.5;Acknowledgments;217
9.7.6;References Cited;217
9.8;CHAPTER 13. SURFACE SEDIMENT STABILIZATION-DESTABILIZATION AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CYCLES ON AN INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT;218
9.8.1;Introduction;218
9.8.2;Materials and Methods;220
9.8.3;Results;224
9.8.4;Discussion;233
9.8.5;Acknowledgments;235
9.8.6;References Cited;236
10;PART 4: PROCESS VARIABILITY IN ESTUARIES;240
10.1;CHAPTER 14. TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN OXYGEN METABOLISM OF AN ESTUARINE SHOAL SEDIMENT;242
10.1.1;Introduction;242
10.1.2;Study Site;243
10.1.3;Materials and Methods;244
10.1.4;Results and Discussion;246
10.1.5;Summary;251
10.1.6;Acknowledgments;253
10.1.7;References Cited;253
10.2;CHAPTER 15. VERTICAL ACCRETION IN MARSHES WITH VARYING RATES OF SEA LEVEL RISE;256
10.2.1;Introduction;256
10.2.2;Patterns of Apparent Sea Level Rise;258
10.2.3;Sea Level Rise and Vertical Accretion in Coastal Marshes;260
10.2.4;Marsh Classification Based on Accretionary Relationships;265
10.2.5;Overview;268
10.2.6;Acknowledgments;270
10.2.7;References Cited;270
10.3;CHAPTER 16. PROCESS VARIABILITY IN THE GULF OF MAINE–A MACROESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT;276
10.3.1;Introduction;276
10.3.2;The Estuarine Character of the Gulf of Maine;277
10.3.3;Historical Variability of the Macroestuarine Environment;278
10.3.4;Plankton Production and the Variability of Non-Tidal Exchange;280
10.3.5;Conclusions;287
10.3.6;Acknowledgments;288
10.3.7;References Cited;288
10.4;CHAPTER 17. THE RELATION OF DENITRIFICATION POTENTIALS TO SELECTED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS IN SEDIMENTS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY;292
10.4.1;Introduction;292
10.4.2;Methods;293
10.4.3;Results;296
10.4.4;Discussion;301
10.4.5;Acknowledgments;305
10.4.6;References Cited;306
10.5;CHAPTER 18. TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF SALT MARSH VEGETATION: THE ROLE OF LOW-SALINITY GAPS AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS;310
10.5.1;Introduction;310
10.5.2;Methods;311
10.5.3;Results and Discussion;312
10.5.4;Acknowledgments;320
10.5.5;References Cited;320
10.6;CHAPTER 19. SPACE AND TIME VARIABILITY OF NUTRIENTS IN THE VENICE LAGOON;322
10.6.1;Introduction;322
10.6.2;The Study Area;323
10.6.3;Sampling and Analytical Procedures;324
10.6.4;Results and Discussion;325
10.6.5;Conclusions;332
10.6.6;Acknowledgments;332
10.6.7;References Cited;332
11;PART 5: SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN ESTUARIES;334
11.1;CHAPTER 20. INTERMITTENCY IN ESTUARINE MIXING;336
11.1.1;Introduction;336
11.1.2;Parameterization of mixing;337
11.1.3;Mixing Diagrams;342
11.1.4;Intense Mixing Periods;346
11.1.5;Internal Waves;348
11.1.6;Conclusions;351
11.1.7;References Cited;354
11.2;CHAPTER 21. ABIOTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF JUVENILE FISH IN PAMLICO SOUND, NORTH CAROLINA;356
11.2.1;Introduction;356
11.2.2;Data;359
11.2.3;Juvenile Sampling Results;360
11.2.4;The Circulation Model;363
11.2.5;Acknowledgments;367
11.2.6;References Cited;367
11.3;CHAPTER 22. LOW-FREQUENCY SHELF-ESTUARINE EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN MOBILE BAY AND OTHER ESTUARINE SYSTEMS ON THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO;370
11.3.1;Introduction;370
11.3.2;Subtidal Circulation in Mobile Bay;371
11.3.3;Subtidal Exchange Processes in Other Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries;379
11.3.4;Summary;380
11.3.5;Acknowledgments;381
11.3.6;References Cited;381
11.4;CHAPTER 23. PHYTOPLANKTON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO BAY: MESOSCALE AND SMALL-SCALE VARIABILITY;384
11.4.1;Introduction;384
11.4.2;Sampling Methods;387
11.4.3;Results;388
11.4.4;Discussion;394
11.4.5;Acknowledgment;396
11.4.6;References Cited;396
12;PART 6: MODELING ESTUARINE VARIABILITY;400
12.1;CHAPTER 24. MODELING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SUCCESSION IN THE ATCHAFALAYA/TERREBONNE MARSH/ESTUARINE COMPLEX IN SOUTH LOUISIANA;402
12.1.1;Introduction;402
12.1.2;Overview of the Study Area;403
12.1.3;Goals and Background of the Model;405
12.1.4;Model Structure;406
12.1.5;Model Input Data;408
12.1.6;Preliminary Simulation Results;410
12.1.7;Discussion and Conclusions;416
12.1.8;Acknowledgments;418
12.1.9;References Cited;418
12.2;CHAPTER 25. MODELING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN A SALT MARSH: SENSITIVITY TO RATES OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION, TIDAL MIGRATION AND MICROBIAL DEGRADATION;420
12.2.1;Introduction;420
12.2.2;The Model;422
12.2.3;The Experiments;424
12.2.4;Discussion and Conclusions;437
12.2.5;Acknowledgments;440
12.2.6;References Cited;440
12.3;CHAPTER 26. A MODEL OF CARBON FLOW IN THE SPARTINA ANGLICA MARSHES OF THE SEVERN ESTUARY, U.K.;442
12.3.1;Introduction;442
12.3.2;The Severn Estuary;442
12.3.3;A Carbon Flow Model of the Spartina Marsh;444
12.3.4;Discussion;452
12.3.5;Conclusions;457
12.3.6;Acknowledgments;458
12.3.7;References Cited;458
12.4;CHAPTER 27. CHESAPEAKE BAY PHYSICAL MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF SALINITY RESPONSE TO NEAP-SPRING TIDAL DYNAMICS:A DESCRIPTIVE EXAMINATION;462
12.4.1;Introduction;462
12.4.2;The Prototype Bay;462
12.4.3;The Chesapeake Bay Physical Model;463
12.4.4;Physical Model Salinity Investigations;466
12.4.5;Discussion;474
12.4.6;Conclusions;476
12.4.7;Acknowledgments;477
12.4.8;References Cited;477
12.5;CHAPTER 28. SALINITY REDISTRIBUTIONS IN DEEPENED ESTUARIES;478
12.5.1;Introduction;478
12.5.2;Model Description;480
12.5.3;Existing Salinity Variability;482
12.5.4;The Effects of Channel Deepening on Salinity Structure;487
12.5.5;Norfolk Test Results;489
12.5.6;Conclusions;492
12.5.7;Acknowledgments;497
12.5.8;References Cited;497
12.6;CHAPTER 29. A SCREENING MODEL FRAMEWORK FOR ESTUARINE ASSESSMENT;498
12.6.1;Introduction;498
12.6.2;Model Formulation;499
12.6.3;Application to Breton Sound;505
12.6.4;Results and Discussion;513
12.6.5;Conclusions;515
12.6.6;Acknowledgments;515
12.6.7;References Cited;515
13;INDEX;518