Buch, Englisch, 672 Seiten, Format (B × H): 208 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 1180 g
A Hands-On Approach
Buch, Englisch, 672 Seiten, Format (B × H): 208 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 1180 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-086106-3
Verlag: Oxford University Press Inc
Quantitative Research Methods for Communication: A Hands-On Approach is a relevant and accessible guide to quantitative research. In clear, straightforward language, the authors encourage students to take an active, hands-on role in the learning process, giving them the tools they need to locate, conduct, collect and present their research. The authors use real communication studies and data sets to make communication research come alive for students. Students are not only introduced to new skills but also given the opportunity to immediately apply these skills in research scenarios. The text integrates helpful features throughout, including chapter objectives, case studies, data sheets, and key terms.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
- BRIEF CONTENTS
- Preface
- CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Communication Research
- CHAPTER 2 Empirical Research
- CHAPTER 3 Research Ethics
- CHAPTER 4 Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological Association Style
- CHAPTER 5 Research Structure and Literature Reviews
- CHAPTER 6 Variables
- CHAPTER 7 Measurement
- CHAPTER 8 Reliability and Validity
- CHAPTER 9 Survey Research
- CHAPTER 10 Content Analysis
- CHAPTER 11 Experimental Design
- CHAPTER 12 Sampling Methods
- CHAPTER 13 Hypothesis Testing
- CHAPTER 14 Descriptive Statistics
- CHAPTER 15 Chi-Square (?2) Test of Independence
- CHAPTER 16 Independent Samples t Tests
- CHAPTER 17 One-Way Analysis of Variance
- CHAPTER 18 Correlation
- CHAPTER 19 Regression
- CHAPTER 20 Presenting Research
- Appendix A Qualitative Research (Available online https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix B Textbook Questionnaire (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix C Open-Source Statistical Software Alternatives (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix D Big Data (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix E Advanced Statistical Procedures (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Glossary
- Index
- CONTENTS
- Preface
- CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Communication Research
- The History of the Social Sciences
- The Nature of Communication
- Understanding the Book's Format
- Research Outside the Walls of Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 2 Empirical Research
- Ways of Knowing
- Epistemology
- Ordinary Versus Scientific Ways of Knowing
- The Scientific Approach to Communication Research
- Scientific Method
- Theories
- Describe the National Phenomenon
- Predict the Future
- Falsification
- Predictions/Hypotheses
- Observations
- Empirical Generalizations
- Conclusion
- Research Outside the Walls of Academia
- CHAPTER 3 Research Ethics
- Defining Ethics
- Good Means-Good End: Ethical Behavior
- Bad Means-Bad End: Unethical Behavior
- Bad Means-Good End: Machiavellian Ethic
- Good Means-Bad End: Subjective Ethic
- The Belmont Report's Effect on Research Ethics
- Informed Consent
- Principle of Beneficence
- Justice
- Institutional Review Boards
- Institutional Review Board Basics
- Informed Consent
- Institutional Review Board Processes
- Basic Institutional Review Board Functions
- Full-Board Review
- Specific Ethical Issues for Research
- Data Accuracy
- Data Sharing
- Duplicate Data Publication
- Post Hoc Hypothesis Revision
- Participant Identity Disclosures
- Authorship Credit
- Conflicts of Interest
- Plagiarism
- Source-Not-Cited Types of Plagiarism
- Source-Cited Types of Plagiarism
- Ethical Research Outside Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 4 Searching for Previous Research and American Psychological
- Association Style
- Step 1: Identifying the Topic
- Step 2: Clarifying the Research Question and Generating Key Terms
- Stating The Topic In The Form of a Research Question
- Identifying Key Terms and Synonymous Terms
- Step 3: Locating Sources of Information
- Types of Information Sources
- Locating Information Sources
- Handbooks and Subject Encyclopedias
- Electronic Databases
- The World Wide Web
- Evaluating Web Sources
- Step 4: Organizing and Evaluating Information
- Step 5: Citing Sources of Information Using the APA Format
- What Information Must Be Referenced?
- Citing Sources of Information
- Parenthetical Citations
- Quotations and Paraphrases
- APA Paper Formatting
- Creating a Title Page
- Creating an Abstract
- Creating the First Page
- Creating the Reference Page
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 5 Research Structure and Literature Reviews
- The Abstract
- The Introduction
- Attention-Getter
- Using Statistics or Claims
- Posing a Rhetorical Question
- Using an Acknowledged Fact
- Using a Story or Illustration
- Quoting or Acknowledging a Source
- Link To Topic
- Significance of Topic
- Espousal of Credibility
- Thesis and Preview
- Literature Review
- Five Reasons for Literature Reviews
- Previous Research
- Chronological
- Cause and Effect
- Compare and Contrast
- Problem-Cause-Solution
- Psychological
- Categorical/Topical
- General to Specific
- Specific to General
- Known to Unknown
- Study Rationale
- Method Section
- Participants
- Apparatus
- Procedure
- Instrumentation
- Results Section
- Discussion Section
- The Conclusion
- Research Outside the Walls of Academia
- Reading and Critiquing Academic Literature
- Preparing a First Draft
- Step 1: Identify Your General Topic
- Step 2: Determine The Type of Study You Are Conducting
- Step 3: Determine What Variables You Will Examine
- Step 4: Search for Primary Sources
- Step 5: Obtain Full Text References
- Step 6: Look for Other References in Obtained Materials
- Step 7: Narrow Your List of References
- Step 8: Organize References by Major and Subtopics
- Step 9: Look for Gaps in Your References
- Step 10: Find References to Fill Gaps
- Step 11: Create a Literature Review Outline
- Step 12: Write
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 6 Variables
- How Are Research Projects Developed?
- Variables: Units of Analysis
- Units of Analysis
- Aspects of Variables
- Variable Attributes
- Variable Values
- Understanding Relationships and Differences
- Relationships
- Differences
- Types of Variables
- Variable Levels
- Nominal Variables
- Ordinal Variables
- Interval Variables
- Likert
- Semantic Differential
- Staple's Scalogram
- Ratio Variables
- Communication Variables
- Nominal Variables
- Ordinal Variables
- Interval Variables
- Common Interval Variable Measures
- Communication Apprehension
- Ethnocentrism
- Humor Assessment
- Nonverbal Immediacy
- Sociocommunicative Orientation
- Willingness to Communicate
- Beliefs and Attitudes
- Ratio Variables
- Writing Up Scales Using APA Style
- Participants
- Procedures
- Instrumentation
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 7 Measurement
- Numbers and Things
- Review of Measurement Levels
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
- A History of Measurement
- Likert Scales
- Semantic Differential
- Measuring Communication
- Personality Traits/States
- Beliefs and Attitudes
- Knowledge
- Developing Your Operationalization
- Conceptualization
- Operationalization
- Constructing Questions
- One Measure, Multiple Factors
- Measurement and Statistical Analysis
- Research Outside the Walls of Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 8 Reliability and Validity
- Reliability
- Scalar Reliability
- Test-Retest Reliability
- Alternate Forms Reliability
- Split-Half Reliability
- Cronbach's Alpha Reliability
- Computer Printouts of Cronbach's Alpha
- SPSS and Cronbach's Alpha APA Discussion
- Alpha Reliabilities From This Book
- Reliabilities In The Real World
- Improving Reliability of Measurement
- Validity
- Face or Content Validity
- Criterion Validity
- Predictive
- Concurrent
- Retrospective
- Construct or Factorial Validity
- Validity Threats
- Problems with Measurement
- Research Outside the Walls of Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 9 Survey Research
- When to Use a Survey
- Do You Know What You Want To Ask?
- Do You Really Need To Collect New Data?
- Do Your Participants Know Anything or Will They Even Tell You?
- Is Your Goal Generalizability?
- How to Conduct Survey Research
- Step 1: Picking Your Questions
- Nominal Level Questions
- Ordinal Level Questions
- Interval Level Questions
- Ratio Level Questions
- Open-Ended Questions
- Step 2: Creating Clear Instructions
- Step 3: Study Design
- Step 4: Data Processing and Analysis
- Step 5: Pilot Testing
- Use Actual Survey Population Members
- Anticipate Survey Context
- Test Parts of the Survey
- Determining a Pilot Sample Size
- Ask Questions after Someone Completes the Survey
- Disseminating Your Surveys
- Interviewing
- Face-to-Face Interviewing
- Telephone Interviewing
- Self-Administration
- Mass Administration
- Mailed Administration
- Internet Administration
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Administered Surveying
- Problem Areas Associated with Survey Research
- Response Rate
- Unit Nonresponse
- Item Nonresponse
- Effects of Nonresponse
- Improving Response Rates
- Translating Surveys into Other Languages
- Semantic Equivalence
- Conceptual Equivalence
- Normative Equivalence
- Simple Direct Translation
- Modified Direct Translation
- Translation/Backtranslation
- Parallel Blind Technique
- Random Probe
- Using the Research Project Worksheet
- Question
- Design
- Setting Participants
- Specific Characteristics
- Recruitment
- Consent
- Variables
- Independent Variables
- Dependent Variables
- Hypotheses/Research Questions
- Statistical Testing
- Tentative Study Title
- Principal Researcher(s)
- Measurement Outside of Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 10 Content Analysis
- Conducting a Content Analysis
- Theory and Rationale
- Conceptualization
- Operationalization
- Coding Schemes
- Sampling
- Training and Pilot Reliability
- Introduction to Coding Book
- Sample Coding
- Coding of Initial Data
- Initial Reliability
- APA Write-Up
- Retraining
- Final Coding
- Final Reliability
- Tabulation And Reporting
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 11 Experimental Design
- What Are Experiments and Why Do We Do Them?
- Rationale For Experimental Research
- Aspects Of Experimental Design
- Random Assignment
- Manipulation of the Independent Variable
- Measurement of the Dependent Variable
- Controlling an Experiment
- Conducting an Experiment
- Introducing the Experiment and Obtaining Consent
- Random Assignment
- Manipulate the Independent Variable
- Measure the Dependent Variable
- Debriefing
- Threats to Experimental Validity
- Historical Flaw
- Maturation
- Testing Flaw
- Regression To The Mean
- Selection Threat
- Attrition
- Common Experimental Designs
- Preexperimental Designs
- One-Shot Case Study
- One-Group Pretest Posttest Design
- Static Group Comparisons
- Quasi-Experimental Designs
- Pretest-Posttest Design
- Time Series
- Multiple Time Series
- Switching Replications Design
- True Experimental Designs
- Pretest-Posttest Design
- Two-Group Posttest-Only Design
- Randomized Switching Replications
- Design
- Solomon Four-Group Design
- Final Thoughts on Experiments
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 12 Sampling Methods
- Why Use a Sample?
- Population
- Sample
- The Sampling Process
- Selecting a Sample Design
- Probability Sampling
- Simple Random Samples
- Stratified Random Samples
- Cluster Samples
- Systematic Samples
- Sampling Error
- Nonprobability Samples
- Convenience Samples
- Volunteer Samples
- Purposive Samples
- Quota Samples
- Network Sample
- Determining Sample Size
- Common Sense Sample Recruiting
- Ethical Recruitment
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 13 Hypothesis Testing
- Hypotheses
- One-Tailed Hypotheses
- Two-Tailed Hypotheses
- Research Questions
- Directional Research Questions
- Nondirectional Research Questions
- Alternative and Null Hypotheses
- Hypothesis Testing Case Study
- Hypothesis Testing in the Case Study
- From Random Samples to a Whole Population
- Testing for Significance
- Step 1: Set the Probability Level
- Step 2: Conduct a Statistical Test
- Step 3: Comparing Calculated and Critical Values
- Testing for Power
- Effect Sizes
- Understanding Error
- The Confidence Interval
- Power Type I Error
- Type II Error
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 14 Descriptive Statistics
- The Benefits of Statistics
- Descriptive Versus Inferential Statistics
- Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Frequency Distributions
- SPSS and Frequency Distributions
- Frequency Distributions and Charts
- Skewness and Kurtosis
- Measures of Variability
- Range
- Sum of Squares
- Variance
- Standard Deviation
- Dataset Variability
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 15 Chi-Square (?2) Test of Independence
- Case Study Introduction
- Chi-Square Background Information
- Step-by-Step Approach to the Chi-Square Test of Independence
- Computer Printouts of the Chi-Square Test of Independence
- SPSS and Chi-Squares
- APA Write-Up Discussion of Findings
- Post Hoc APA Write-Up
- Biological Sex and Book Edition
- APA Write-Up
- Discussion of Brummans and Miller's Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- Chi-Squares Outside Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 16 Independent Samples t Tests
- Case Study Introduction
- Independent Samples t Test Background Information
- Step-by-Step Approach to the Independent t Test
- Computer Printouts of the Independent t Test
- SPSS and t Tests
- APA Write-Up (SPSS) Discussion of Findings
- Biological Sex and Communication Apprehension
- APA Write-Up (SPSS) Discussion
- Calculating Effect Sizes
- Discussion of the Weber, Fornash, Corrigan, and Neupauer Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- Paired t Tests
- t Tests Outside Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 17 One-Way Analysis of Variance
- Case Study Introduction
- One-Way ANOVA Background Information
- Step-by-Step Approach to the One-Way ANOVA
- Computer Printouts of the One-Way ANOVA
- SPSS and One-Way ANOVAs
- Multiple Comparison Tests
- APA Write-Up (Without Chart)
- APA Write-Up (With Chart)
- Discussion of Findings
- Political Affiliation and Humor Assessment
- APA Write-Up
- Discussion
- Discussion of the Boiarsky et al. Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- One-way ANOVAs Outside Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 18 Correlation
- Correlation Background Information
- Types of Relationships
- Correlation Not Causation
- Correlation Assumptions
- Case Study Introduction
- Step-by-Step Approach to the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
- Computer Printouts of the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
- SPSS and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations
- APA Write-Up
- Discussion
- Relationships among CA, WTC, and Beliefs about Public Speaking
- APA Write-Up
- A Note About R
- Reading Large Correlation Tables
- Discussion of the Chesebro Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- Discussion of the Punyanunt Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- Correlations Outside Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 19 Regression
- Case Study Introduction
- Regression Background Information
- Step-by-Step Approach to a Linear Regression
- Computer Printouts of the Linear Regression
- SPSS and Simple Linear Regressions
- APA Write-Up
- Discussion
- Relationships between CA and Beliefs about Public Speaking
- APA Write-Up
- Understanding Multiple Linear Regressions
- APA Write-Up
- Discussion
- Discussion of the Wrench and Booth-Butterfield Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- Discussion of the Rocca and Vogl-Bauer Article
- Article Purpose
- Methodology
- Results
- Regressions Outside Academia
- Conclusion
- CHAPTER 20 Presenting Research
- Writing a Discussion Section
- Providing a Summary of Major Findings
- Providing an Interpretation of Findings
- Discussing the Relationship Between Findings and Previous Studies
- Acknowledging Limitations
- Discussing Implications and Future Directions
- Writing the Abstract
- Presenting at Conferences
- Divisions and Interest Groups
- Submitting Research For Conference Review
- Types of Conference Presentations
- Paper Presentations
- Poster Presentations
- Scholar-to-Scholar Posters
- Panel Discussions
- Publication
- Journal Review Process
- Submission Process
- Review Process
- Research Outside the Walls of Academia
- Writing For Business
- Research and The General Public
- Writing Statistical Stories
- Infographics
- Conclusion
- Appendix A Qualitative Research (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix B Textbook Questionnaire (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix C Open-Source Statistical Software Alternatives (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix D Big Data (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Appendix E Advanced Statistical Procedures (Available online: https://oup-arc.com/wrench)
- Glossary
- Index
