Cartwright / Peterson / Gartner Multimedia Cartography

2. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-36651-5
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 546 Seiten

The explosion of interactive multimedia cartography products, on online, has generated an immense interest in developing methodologies that best exploit both the technology and the distribution capabilities of multimedia mapping. From a discussion of theoretical elements of multimedia cartography, to chapters on specific products and production tools, to an analysis of future technologies and applications, this is a comprehensive and absorbing exploration of a fast-moving field.

William Cartwright is Professor of Cartography and Geographical Visualization at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, where he specializes in the application of New Media technologies to Cartography. He joined the University after spending a number of years in both the government and private sectors of the mapping industry. He holds undergraduate qualifications in Cartography and graduate qualifications in education, media studies, information and communication technology education and graphic design. He is Vice-President of the International Cartographic Association.Michael P. Peterson is a Professor in the Department of Geography/Geology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. He received his B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls, his M.A. from Boston University and Ph.D. from the State University of New York-Buffalo (1982). He has served as Visiting Professor at Universities in USA, Canada, Germany and Austria. He is past-President of the North American Cartographic Information Society (NACIS). He is currently chair of the Maps and the Internet Commission of the International Cartographic Association.Georg Gartner is a Professor of Cartography at the Vienna University of Technology. He received his Mag. from the University of Vienna and his Dr. and Habilitation from the Vienna University of Technology. He received a Fulbright Grant to the USA and was a research fellow in Australia and Canada. He currently serves as a vice-chair of the Maps and Internet Commission of the International Cartographic Association and as Editor of the Journal on LBS.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cartwright, William

Peterson, Michael P

Gartner, Georg

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;List of Contributors;19
4;1 Multimedia Cartography;26
4.1;1.1 Introduction;26
4.2;1.2 Visualizing geography;27
4.3;1.3 Access to geographical information;28
4.4;1.4 A Different map;28
4.5;1.5 Multimedia as an information interface;30
4.6;1.6 Visualizing Multimedia Cartography;31
4.7;1.7 About this book;34
4.8;References;35
5;2 Development of Multimedia;36
5.1;2.1 Introduction;36
5.2;2.2 In the beginning ...;37
5.3;2.3 Pre-electronic multimedia;37
5.4;2.4 Hypertext;41
5.5;2.5 Hypermedia and Multimedia;42
5.6;2.6 Hypermaps;47
5.7;2.7 Multimedia and maps;48
5.8;2.8 From packaged media to distributed media;52
5.9;2.9 Conclusion;54
5.10;References;54
6;3 The Internet and Multimedia Cartography;60
6.1;3.1 Introduction;60
6.2;3.2 Internet development;60
6.3;3.3 Maps and the Internet;62
6.4;3.4 Internet use and Internet Map Use;62
6.5;3.5 Research in Internet Cartography;67
6.6;3.6 Theory to support Internet Cartography;67
6.7;3.7 Summary and suggestions;73
6.8;References;73
7;4 Development of Multimedia - Mobile and Ubiquitous;76
7.1;4.1 Introduction;76
7.2;4.2 Elements of Cartographic LBS;76
7.3;4.3 Infrastructure Developments: Towards ubiquitous environments;81
7.4;4.4 Navigation Systems as possible applications of LBS;83
7.5;4.5 Conclusion;86
7.6;References;87
8;5 Elements of Multimedia Cartography;88
8.1;5.1 Introduction;88
8.2;5.2 The Meaning of Multimedia Cartography;89
8.3;5.3 The Paradigm of Multimedia Cartography;90
8.4;5.4 Elements of the Multimedia Cartography Paradigm;92
8.5;5.5 Conclusion;96
8.6;References;97
9;6 Designing Suitable Cartographic Multimedia Presentations;99
9.1;6.1 Introduction;99
9.2;6.2 Media functions and media as artefact;99
9.3;6.3 Functions of media in information perception;100
9.4;6.4 Functions of media in knowledge generation;101
9.5;6.5 Functions of media according to the purpose of communication;105
9.6;6.6 Media as artefacts;107
9.7;6.7 Conclusion;109
9.8;References;110
10;7 Design of Multimedia Mapping Products;112
10.1;7.1 Introduction;112
10.2;7.2 Components and Design of Multimedia Map-Based Products;115
10.3;7.3 Conclusion;124
10.4;References;124
11;8 Map Concepts in Multimedia Products;128
11.1;8.1 Introduction;128
11.2;8.2 General Map- and Atlas-related Concepts;129
11.3;8.3 Conclusion;137
11.4;References;138
12;9 Territorial Evolution of Canada - An Interactive Multimedia Cartographic Presentation;139
12.1;9.1 Introduction;139
12.2;9.2 Background of Product Development;140
12.3;9.3 Example of an Interactive Multimedia Presentation;141
12.4;9.4 The Internet Implementation;147
12.5;9.5 Conclusions;148
12.6;References;148
13;10 Wula Na Lnuwe’kati: A Digital Multimedia Atlas;150
13.1;10.1 Introduction;150
13.2;10.2 Target Audience;150
13.3;10.3 Selection of Chapters;151
13.4;10.4 Software;152
13.5;10.5 Production of Base Maps;152
13.6;10.6 Media Choices;153
13.7;10.7 Conclusions;157
14;11 The Atlas of Canada – User Centred Development;159
14.1;11.1 An Evolution in Mapping;159
14.2;11.2 User Centred Development and Design;161
14.3;11.3 The Value of the User Centred Design Process;167
14.4;11.4 Case Studies;168
14.5;References;179
14.6;URLs Cited;180
15;12 Atlas of Switzerland 2 - A highly interactive thematic national atlas;181
15.1;12.1 Introduction;181
15.2;12.2 Brief history of the;182
15.3;12.3 Basic concepts and other thoughts;184
15.4;12.4 Organisation and implementation;188
15.5;12.5 The 2D world: maps are beautiful;192
15.6;12.6 Switzerland in 3D;196
15.7;12.7 Conclusions and outlook;200
15.8;References;201
16;13 AIS-Austria – An Atlas Information System of Austria;203
16.1;13.1 General Overview;203
16.2;13.2 AIS-Austria Concept;205
16.3;13.3 AIS-Austria Requirements;206
16.4;13.4 AIS-Austria Functionality;208
16.5;13.5 AIS-Austria System Structure;211
16.6;13.6 Conclusion and Outlook;213
16.7;References;214
17;14 Toward a New Generation of Community Atlases - The Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica;215
17.1;14.1 Introduction;215
17.2;14.2 The Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica Project;217
17.3;14.3 Atlas design: modularity and interoperability;218
17.4;14.4 The atlas development framework;222
17.5;14.5 The Atlas from the end user’s perspective;225
17.6;14.6 Discussion/conclusion: opening the atlas;232
17.7;14.7 Acknowledgements;233
17.8;References;234
18;15 The Employment of 3D in Cartography – An Overview;237
18.1;15.1 Introduction;237
18.2;15.2 Perceptive/Cognitive Aspects;238
18.3;15.3 Technical Aspects;241
18.4;15.4 Conclusion;246
18.5;References;247
19;16 Non-Photorealistic 3D Geovisualization;249
19.1;16.1 Background and Motivation;249
19.2;16.2 Photorealism and Its Limitations for Geovisualization;249
19.3;16.3 Non-Photorealistic Computer Graphics;251
19.4;16.4 Non-Photorealistic Terrain Illustration;255
19.5;16.5 Non-Photorealistic City Model Illustration;256
19.6;16.6 Conclusions;258
19.7;References;259
20;17 Real-Time Virtual Landscapes;261
20.1;17.1 Potentials, Limitations, and Challenges;261
20.2;17.2 3D Landscape Models;262
20.3;17.3 Functionality of Real-Time Virtual Landscape Systems;263
20.4;17.4 Building Blocks of Virtual Landscapes;265
20.5;17.5 3D Building Modeling;266
20.6;17.6 3D Vegetation Modeling;267
20.7;17.7 Real-Time Landscape Rendering Techniques;269
20.8;17.8 Navigating Through Virtual Landscapes;269
20.9;17.9 Case Study: The Lost Italian Gardens;271
20.10;17.10 Conclusions;272
20.11;References;273
21;18 Digital Globes;275
21.1;18.1 Introduction;275
21.2;18.2 Categories of Digital Globes;275
21.3;18.3 What makes Digital Globes superior?;277
21.4;18.4 How suitable is a theme for a digital globe?;279
21.5;18.5 Examples of Digital Globes;280
21.6;18.6 Hologlobes;284
21.7;18.7 Conclusion;285
21.8;References;286
22;19 Augmented Reality as a Medium for Cartography;287
22.1;19.1 Introduction;287
22.2;19.2 Augmented Reality technology;289
22.3;19.3 Augmented reality visualization;293
22.4;19.4 Case study: Augmented map system;294
22.5;19.5 Mobile Augmented Reality;296
22.6;19.6 Case Study:;297
22.7;19.7 Conclusion;299
22.8;References;299
23;20 Virtual Reality in Urban Planning and Design;302
23.1;20.1 Introduction;302
23.2;20.2 A User focus, not technology lead;303
23.3;20.3 Town Planning in Australia;303
23.4;20.4 Pressures for Change;304
23.5;20.5 Towards a 3D Planning Scheme;306
23.6;20.6 Modelling and Simulation; oh….and games;307
23.7;20.7 RMIT approach to (ever) larger scale visualisations;308
23.8;20.8 Parallel Developments;310
23.9;20.9 Directions;310
23.10;20.10 Conclusion;312
23.11;References;312
24;21 Education and E-Learning with Virtual Landscapes;314
24.1;21.1 Introduction;314
24.2;21.2 Related Work;315
24.3;21.3 Background on Constructionist Learning;317
24.4;21.4 Interactivity and Interaction;319
24.5;21.5 3D Representation;320
24.6;21.6 The concept of virtual landscapes;322
24.7;21.7 An example scenario for the virtual landscape;323
24.8;21.8 Fundamentals for delivery and presentation of virtual landscapes;325
24.9;21.9 The prototype of the virtual landscape;326
24.10;21.10 Future developments;329
24.11;21.11 Conclusion;331
24.12;References;331
25;22 Cartography and the use of animation;336
25.1;22.1 Introduction - Why cartographic animation?;336
25.2;22.2 Spatial data and the type animations;337
25.3;22.3 Cartographic animation environment and visualization strategies;341
25.4;22.4 Conclusions;344
25.5;References;344
26;23 Multimodal Analytical Visualisation of Spatio- Temporal Data;346
26.1;23.1 Introduction;346
26.2;23.2 Visualisation of Spatial Time-Series in Computer Cartography and Statistical Graphics;348
26.3;23.3 Visualisation of Local Behaviours;349
26.4;23.4 Combining Tools for Behaviour Exploration;352
26.5;23.5 Discussion and Conclusions;362
26.6;References;364
27;24 Games and Geography;366
27.1;24.1 Introduction;366
27.2;24.2 What is a game?;366
27.3;24.3. Cultural Geography Place and Games;369
27.4;24.4. Games Involving Geography;370
27.5;24.5. Game Issues;372
27.6;24.6 Conclusion;374
27.7;References;374
28;25 Virtual Queenscliff: A Computer Game Approach for Depicting Geography;377
28.1;25.1 Introduction;377
28.2;25.2 Background to the Emergence of a Game Approach;378
28.3;25.3 The Prototype – Virtual Queenscliff;379
28.4;25.4. Conclusion;385
28.5;References;386
29;26 Maps and LBS – Supporting wayfinding by cartographic means;387
29.1;26.1 Introduction;387
29.2;26.2 Analysis of route descriptions and sketches;388
29.3;26.3 Wayfinding test: How much detail is necessary to support wayfinding;389
29.4;26.4 General design goals of route descriptions;391
29.5;26.5 Presentation forms;392
29.6;26.6 Conclusion;397
29.7;Acknowledgments;398
29.8;References;398
30;27 Adaptation in mobile and ubiquitous cartography;401
30.1;27.1 Introduction;401
30.2;27.2 Challenges of mobile and ubiquitous cartography;401
30.3;27.3 Mobile Internet and mobile map services;404
30.4;27.4 Mobile geographic information usage context;406
30.5;27.5 Adaptation of geographic information;409
30.6;27.6 Adaptation of geographic information in mobile map services;412
30.7;27.7 Conclusion and outlook;414
30.8;References;415
31;28 A Real-World implementation of Multimedia Cartography in LBS: The Whereis ® Mobile Application Suite;416
31.1;28.1 Introduction;416
31.2;28.2 Location;416
31.3;28.3 Webraska Mobile Technologies;417
31.4;28.4 SmartZone Application Concept;418
31.5;28.5 SmartZone Applications in Australia;420
31.6;28.6 Sensis Wireless Platform (SWP);421
31.7;28.7 SWP for 3G;424
31.8;28.8 Conclusion;431
31.9;References;431
32;29 Standards and Open Source for Cartographic Multimedia Applications;432
32.1;29.1 Introduction;432
32.2;29.2 Intention and benefits of standards in multimedia map creation;433
32.3;29.3 Organisations and standardisation;439
32.4;29.4 Selection of standardised formats;440
32.5;29.5 Conclusion and vision;442
32.6;References;443
33;30 Scalable Vector Graphics and Web Map Publishing;444
33.1;30.1 Introduction;444
33.2;30.2 Open Standards;445
33.3;30.3 Using Scalable Vector Graphics to publish Web Maps;446
33.4;30.4 Case Study: Developing school SVG-Based school atlases;450
33.5;30.5 Interface Design – Template 4;451
33.6;30.6 Template four – code and interaction;452
33.7;30.7 Final Product;455
33.8;30.8 Conclusion;457
33.9;References;457
34;31 Cartographic Approaches to Web Mapping Services;458
34.1;31.1 Introduction;458
34.2;31.2 Web Map Services;462
34.3;31.3 Web Map Design;464
34.4;31.4 Thematic Information;466
34.5;31.5 Cartographic Network;468
34.6;31.6 Conclusions;469
34.7;References;469
35;32 From Mapping Physical and Human Geographies to Mapping ‘ Personal Geographies’: Privacy and Security Issues;471
35.1;32.1 Introduction;471
35.2;32.2 The Internet and information access;472
35.3;32.3 Mapping Personal Geographies;472
35.4;32.4 Privacy;473
35.5;32.5 Going on-line with the Internet;474
35.6;32.6 Going wireless;475
35.7;32.7 Wireless and location;476
35.8;32.8 Business interest in LBS;477
35.9;32.9 Privacy concerns;478
35.10;32.10 Security and privacy initiatives;479
35.11;32.11 Problems with developing technology;481
35.12;32.12 Privacy issues;483
35.13;32.13 Conclusion;484
35.14;References;484
36;33 Location and Access: Issues Enabling Accessibility of Information;487
36.1;33.1 Introduction;487
36.2;33.2 Accessibility;488
36.3;33.3 The basics of accessibility;489
36.4;33.4 Alternative content creation;493
36.5;33.5 Location specific information;494
36.6;33.6 Location identification;494
36.7;33.7 Location based accessibility;495
36.8;33.8 Location/time based accessibility;496
36.9;33.9 Language accessibility;496
36.10;33.10 Common language descriptions;497
36.11;33.11 User needs and preferences profiles;498
36.12;33.12 Resource descriptions;499
36.13;33.13 Inclusive servers;500
36.14;33.14 Conclusion and overall emerging possibilities;500
36.15;Acknowledgements;501
36.16;References;501
37;34 Use and Users of Multimedia Cartography;502
37.1;34.1 Introduction;502
37.2;34.2 Setting the scene;504
37.3;34.3 The nature of use and user research;505
37.4;34.4 Case study: a user-centred design approach for mobile tourism applications;511
37.5;34.5 Conclusion;516
37.6;References;517
38;35 Future Directions for Multimedia Cartography;520
38.1;35.1 Introduction;520
38.2;35.2 Multimedia and Cartography: New Opportunities;521
38.3;35.3 The Nature and Quality of the Content of Multimedia Data;523
38.4;35.4 The Centrality of the User;525
38.5;35.5 Education, Entertainment and Edutainment;527
38.6;35.6 Commercial Aspects of Multimedia Cartography in the Experience Economy;528
38.7;35.7 Full Involvement of the Senses;530
38.8;35.8 Preserving Multimedia Cartography;532
38.9;35.9 Conclusion;534
38.10;References;535
39;36 Postscript to Multimedia Cartography Edition;538
39.1;36.1 Introduction;538
39.2;36.2 The Book;539
39.3;36.3 Acceptance of new technologies;544
39.4;36.4 Conclusion;545
39.5;References;545
40;Index;546