Yin An Integrated Assessment of China's Ecological Restoration Programs

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-2655-2
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 261 Seiten

China has been undertaking unprecedented ecological restoration efforts to deal with its problems of soil erosion, flooding, dust storms, and habitat loss. While there have been studies of these efforts, questions remain concerning whether they have been effectively implemented, what their induced socioeconomic and ecological impacts are, and how their performance can be improved. Tackling these important questions in an integrated manner, 'An Integrated Assessment of China's Ecological Restoration Programs' is extraordinary for its broad coverage and methodological rigor. It provides a substantial improvement over the conventional approach of simply reporting projects undertaken and accepting uncritically the government assessment, and thus fills an important knowledge gap of the restoration efforts being implemented upon a variety of ecosystems in China.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Yin, Runsheng

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Preface;7
3;Acknowledgments;14
4;Contents;16
5;Contributors;18
6;List of Figures;21
7;List of Tables;24
8;China’s Ecological Restoration Programs: Initiation, Implementation, and Challenges;27
8.1;1.1 Introduction;27
8.2;1.2 Program Contents;30
8.3;1.3 Implementation and Outcome;35
8.4;1.4 Main Challenges;39
8.5;1.5 Concluding Remarks;43
8.6;References;44
9;Assessing China’s Ecological Restoration Programs: What’s Been Done andWhat Remains to Be Done?;46
9.1;2.1 Introduction;47
9.2;2.2 Implementation Efficacy;49
9.3;2.3 SLCP’s Socioeconomic Impacts;51
9.4;2.4 NFPP’s Socioeconomic Impacts;55
9.5;2.5 The Environmental Impacts;57
9.6;2.6 Synthesis and Future Research;58
9.7;References;61
10;Methodology for an Integrative Assessment of China’s Ecological Restoration Programs;64
10.1;3.1 Introduction;64
10.2;3.2 A Basic Framework;66
10.3;3.3 The Empirical Approach;67
10.4;3.4 Assessing Environmental Impacts and Effectiveness;69
10.5;3.5 Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts;71
10.6;3.6 Data Generation and Acquisition;75
10.7;3.7 Synthesis and Actions;76
10.8;References;77
11;Land Cover Changes in Northeast China from the late 1970s to 2004;80
11.1;4.1 Introduction;80
11.2;4.2 Study Area;82
11.3;4.3 Materials and Methods;83
11.4;4.4 Results;85
11.5;4.5 Conclusions and Discussion;91
11.6;References;91
12;Modeling the Driving Forces of the Land Use and Land Cover Changes Along the Upper Yangtze River;93
12.1;5.1 Introduction;93
12.2;5.2 Study Site;95
12.3;5.3 Methods;96
12.4;5.4 Data Description;98
12.5;5.5 Estimation Results;101
12.6;5.6 Conclusions and Discussion;103
12.7;Appendix: Definition and Variation of Some Key Variables;105
12.8;References;107
13;An Integrative Approach to Modeling Land Use Changes: The Multiple Facets of Agriculture in the Upper Yangtze Basin;109
13.1;6.1 Introduction;109
13.2;6.2 Methods and Data;111
13.3;6.3 Estimated Results;117
13.4;6.4 Conclusions and Implications;119
13.5;References;121
14;Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in the Upper Yangtze Basin from 1975 to 2000;123
14.1;7.1 Introduction;124
14.2;7.2 Methods;125
14.3;7.3 Results and Discussion;127
14.4;7.4 Summary;133
14.5;References;134
15;Process-Based Soil Erosion Simulation on a Regional Scale: The Effect of Ecological Restoration in the Chinese Loess Plateau;137
15.1;8.1 Introduction;137
15.2;8.2 Study Site;138
15.3;8.3 Method and Material;140
15.4;8.4 Simulation Results;143
15.5;8.5 Conclusions and Discussion;148
15.6;Appendix 1: The MMF Method;150
15.7;Appendix 2: Imagery Processing for Estimating Land- Cover Changes;152
15.8;References;153
16;Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraintsand Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain forGreen Program on Rural Households in China;155
16.1;9.1 Introduction;155
16.2;9.2 The Grain for Green Program;159
16.3;9.3 Data;161
16.4;9.4 Identification Strategy;165
16.5;9.5 Effect of the Grain for Green Program on Off-Farm Labor;169
16.6;9.6 Heterogeneous Program Effect on Off-Farm Labor;171
16.7;9.7 Conclusion;176
16.8;9.8 Appendix: Assessing Recall Bias;178
16.9;References;180
17;An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of China’s Land Conversion Program on Farmers’ Income Growth and Labor Transfer;182
17.1;10.1 Introduction;182
17.2;10.2 Theory and Methods;185
17.3;10.3 Site and Data;187
17.4;10.4 Estimated Results;191
17.5;10.5 Conclusions and Discussion;193
17.6;References;195
18;An Evaluation of the Impact of the Natural Forest Protection Programme on Rural Household Livelihoods;197
18.1;11.1 Introduction;197
18.2;11.2 Background to the NFPP;199
18.3;11.3 The Policy Evaluation Problem;202
18.4;11.4 Impact of NFPP on Household Incomes;208
18.5;11.5 Results;211
18.6;11.6 Conclusion;217
18.7;References;219
19;An Estimation of the Effects of China’s Forestry Programs on Farmers’ Income;222
19.1;12.1 Introduction;223
19.2;12.2 Method and Data;227
19.3;12.3 Empirical Results;233
19.4;12.4 Conclusions and Discussion;237
19.5;References;238
20;Agricultural Productivity Changes Induced by the Sloping Land Conversion Program: An Analysis of Wuqi County in the Loess Plateau Region;240
20.1;13.1 Introduction;241
20.2;13.2 Method;243
20.3;13.3 Results;248
20.4;13.4 Conclusions and Discussion;251
20.5;References;253
21;Measuring the Aggregate Socioeconomic Impacts of China’s Natural Forest Protection Program;255
21.1;14.1 Introduction;255
21.2;14.2 Impacts of the NFPP;258
21.3;14.3 I–O Models and Data;260
21.4;14.4 Results;264
21.5;14.5 Conclusions and Discussion;267
21.6;References;273
22;Index;275