E-Book, Englisch, 186 Seiten, Web PDF
York / Farquhar The Earth's Age and Geochronology
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7946-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, 186 Seiten, Web PDF
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7946-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
The Earth's Age and Geochronology provides an outline of geochronological methods, applications, and interpretations. This book discusses the fossil fission track method of dating. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of an accurate chronometer for measuring time intervals that must contain some sort of mechanism in which it operates at a predictable or known rate. This text then discusses the methodology of dating as well as the importance of long cooling histories. Other chapters consider the application of the experimental method to idealized, undisturbed systems. This book discusses as well the concept that in plutonic environments daughter isotope retention may often not commence until long after crystallization, or the peak of metamorphism. The final chapter deals with the applications of geochronology wherein the effects of selectivity will be particularly evident. This book is a valuable resource for nuclear physicists, astronomers, geologists, cosmologists, geochronologists, experimentalists, and scientists.
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Front Cover;1
2;The Earth's Age and Geochronology;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;10
7;CHAPTER 2. RADIOACTIVITY;13
7.1;2.1. Radioactive Decay;13
7.2;2.2. Criteria for Useful Radioactivities;16
7.3;2.3. Half-lives of U238, U235, Th232, K40 and Rb87;16
8;CHAPTER 3. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;24
8.1;3.1. Introduction;24
8.2;3.2. Mass Spectrometry;24
8.3;3.3. Isotope Dilution;28
8.4;3.4. K40–Ar40 Method;29
8.5;3.5. Ar39–Ar40 Method;39
8.6;3.6. Rb87–Sr87 Chemistry;40
8.7;3.7. Rb–Sr Mass Spectrometry;41
8.8;3.8. U–Pb and Th–Pb Methods;45
9;CHAPTER 4. THE DATING OF UNDISTURBED MINERALS AND ROCKS;51
9.1;4.1. K–Ar Method;51
9.2;4.2. Suitability of Minerals for K–Ar Work;53
9.3;4.3. Suitability of Whole Rocks for K–Ar Analysis;58
9.4;4.4. Minerals giving High K–Ar Ages;62
9.5;4.5. Rb–Sr Method;65
9.6;4.6. Suitability of Minerals for Rb–Sr Work;68
9.7;4.7. Suitability of Whole Rocks for Rb–Sr Analysis;70
9.8;4.8. Construction of the Rb–Sr Isochron;72
9.9;4.9. U–Pb and Th–Pb Methods;75
9.10;4.10. Dating Minerals with Fossil Fission Tracks;78
10;CHAPTER 5. DATING DISTURBED MINERALS AND ROCKS;84
10.1;5.1. Introduction;84
10.2;5.2. K–Ar and Rb–Sr Methods;85
10.3;5.3. Rb–Sr Whole–rock Method;89
10.4;5.4. (Sr87/Sr86);92
10.5;5.5. U–Pb and Th–Pb Methods;94
10.6;5.6. Whole-rock U–Pb, Th–Pb Dating;101
11;CHAPTER 6. LEAD ISOTOPE METHODS;102
11.1;6.1. Model Ages;102
11.2;6.2. Anomalous Leads;105
12;CHAPTER 7. THE GENERAL PROBLEM OF INTERPRETATION;109
12.1;7.1. Introduction;109
12.2;7.2. Slow-cooling Hypothesis;110
12.3;7.3. Diffusion Considerations;112
13;CHAPTER 8. THE PHANEROZOIC TIME-SCALE;118
13.1;8.1. Introduction;118
13.2;8.2. Consideration of QJ.G.S. Time-scale;120
14;CHAPTER 9. THE PULSE OF THE EARTH;125
14.1;9.1. Introduction;125
14.2;9.2. Runcorn's Hypothesis;126
14.3;9.3. Sutton's Chelogenic Cycles;128
14.4;9.4. Gastil, Fitch and Miller and Anorogeny;132
14.5;9.5. Cautionary Tail;134
15;CHAPTER 10. REVERSALS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD;136
15.1;10.1. Introduction;136
15.2;10.2. K–Ar and Palaeomagnetic Studies;137
15.3;10.3. Ocean Floor Spreading;141
16;CHAPTER 11. METEORITES;144
16.1;11.1. Introduction;144
16.2;11.2. Dating Meteorites;145
16.3;11.3. Summary;151
16.4;11.4. The Age of the Elements;152
16.5;11.5.I–Xe Dating;153
17;CHAPTER 12. THE AGE OF THE EARTH;159
17.1;12.1. Historical;159
17.2;12.2. Modern Estimates;161
17.3;12.3. Estimates from Terrestrial Leads;164
17.4;12.4. Estimates Combining Meteoritic and Terrestrial Leads;166
17.5;12.5. Commentary;169
17.6;12.6. Concordia Method;172
17.7;12.7 Conclusion;174
18;REFERENCES;176
19;INDEX;186
