Zhang Visualization for Information Retrieval

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-75148-9
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 23, 294 Seiten

Reihe: The Information Retrieval Series

Information visualization offers a way to reveal hidden patterns in a visual presentation and allows users to seek information from a visual perspective. Readers of this book will gain an in-depth understanding of the current state of information retrieval visualization. They will be introduced to existing problems along with technical and theoretical findings. The book also provides practical details for the implementation of an information retrieval visualization system.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zhang, Jin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Preface;7
2.1;Preface;7
3;Contents;10
4;Chapter 1 Information Retrieval and Visualization;15
4.1;1.1 Visualization ;17
4.2;1.2 Information retrieval;18
4.2.1;1.2.1 Browsing vs. query searching;19
4.2.2;1.2.2 Information at micro-level and macro-level;21
4.2.3;1.2.3 Spatial characteristics of information space;22
4.2.4;1.2.4 Spatial characteristics of browsing;24
4.3;1.3 Perceptual and cognitive perspectives of visualization;25
4.3.1;1.3.1 Perceptual perspective;25
4.3.2;1.3.2 Cognitive perspective;26
4.4;1.4 Visualization for information retrieval;27
4.4.1;1.4.1 Rationale;27
4.4.2;1.4.2 Three information retrieval visualization paradigms;30
4.4.3;1.4.3 Procedures of establishing an information retrieval visualization model;30
4.5;1.5 Summary;34
5;Chapter 2 Information Retrieval Preliminaries;35
5.1;2.1 Vector space model;36
5.2;2.2 Term weighting methods;38
5.2.1;2.2.1 Stop words;39
5.2.2;2.2.2 Inverse document frequency;39
5.2.3;2.2.3 The Salton term weighting method;40
5.2.4;2.2.4 Another term weighting method;40
5.2.5;2.2.5 Probability term weighting method;40
5.3;2.3 Similarity measures;41
5.3.1;2.3.1 Inner product similarity measure;42
5.3.2;2.3.2 Dice co-efficient similarity measure;42
5.3.3;2.3.3 The Jaccard co-efficient similarity measure;42
5.3.4;2.3.4 Overlap co-efficient similarity measure;43
5.3.5;2.3.5 Cosine similarity measure;43
5.3.6;2.3.6 Distance similarity measure;44
5.3.7;2.3.7 Angle-distance integrated similarity measure;46
5.3.8;2.3.8 The Pearson r correlation measure;47
5.4;2.4 Information retrieval (evaluation) models;48
5.4.1;2.4.1 Direction-based retrieval (evaluation) model;48
5.4.2;2.4.2 Distance-based retrieval (evaluation) model;49
5.4.3;2.4.3 Ellipse retrieval (evaluation) model;50
5.4.4;2.4.4 Conjunction retrieval (evaluation) model;50
5.4.5;2.4.5 Disjunction evaluation model;52
5.4.6;2.4.6 The Cassini oval retrieval (evaluation) model;53
5.5;2.5 Clustering algorithms;54
5.5.1;2.5.1 Non- hierarchical clustering algorithm;56
5.5.2;2.5.2 Hierarchical clustering algorithm;57
5.6;2.6 Evaluation of retrieval results;59
5.7;2.7 Summary;60
6;Chapter 3 Visualization Models for Multiple Reference Points;61
6.1;3.1 Multiple reference points;62
6.2;3.2 Model for fixed multiple reference points;63
6.3;3.3 Models for movable multiple reference points;66
6.3.1;3.3.1 Description of the original VIBE algorithm;66
6.3.2;3.3.2 Discussions about the model;73
6.4;3.4 Model for automatic reference point rotation;80
6.4.1;3.4.1 Definition of the visual space;81
6.4.2;3.4.2 Rotation of a reference point;83
6.5;3.5 Implication of information retrieval;84
6.6;3.6 Summary;86
7;Chapter 4 Euclidean Spatial Characteristic Based Visualization Models;87
7.1;4.1 Euclidean space and its characteristics;87
7.2;4.2 Introduction to the information retrieval evaluation models;89
7.3;4.3 The distance-angle-based visualization model;93
7.4;4.4 The angle-angle-based visualization model;102
7.5;4.5 The distance-distance-based visualization model ;111
7.6;4.6 Summary;118
8;Chapter 5 Kohonen Self-Organizing Map– An Artificial Neural Network;120
8.1;5.1 Introduction to neural networks;120
8.1.1;5.1.1 Definition of neural network;121
8.1.2;5.1.2 Characteristics and structures of neuron network;122
8.2;5.2 Kohonen self-organizing maps;124
8.2.1;5.2.1 Kohonen self-organizing map structures;125
8.2.2;5.2.2 Learning processing of SOM algorithm;126
8.2.3;5.2.3 Feature map labeling;132
8.2.4;5.2.4 The SOM algorithm description;133
8.3;5.3 Implication of SOM in information retrieval;134
8.4;5.4 Summary;137
9;Chapter 6 Pathfinder Associative Network;139
9.1;6.1 Pathfinder associative network properties and descriptions;140
9.2;6.2 Implications on information retrieval;149
9.2.1;6.2.1 Author co-citation analysis;149
9.2.2;6.2.2 Term associative network;151
9.2.3;6.2.3 Hyperlink;152
9.2.4;6.2.4 Search in pathfinder associative networks;153
9.3;6.3 Summary;154
10;Chapter 7 Multidimensional Scaling;155
10.1;7.1 MDS analysis method descriptions;156
10.2;7.2 Implications of MDS techniques for information retrieval;170
10.3;7.3 Summary;175
11;Chapter 8 Internet Information Visualization;176
11.1;8.1 Introduction;176
11.2;8.2 Internet information visualization;182
11.2.1;8.2.1 Visualization of internet information structure;183
11.2.2;8.2.2 Internet information seeking visualization;191
11.2.3;8.2.3 Visualization of web traffic information;194
11.2.4;8.2.4 Discussion history visualization;199
11.3;8.3 Summary;200
12;Chapter 9 Ambiguity in Information Visualization;201
12.1;9.1 Ambiguity and its implication in information visualization;202
12.2;9.2 Ambiguity analysis in information retrieval visualization models;204
12.2.1;9.2.1. Ambiguity in the Euclidean spatial characteristic based information models;204
12.2.2;9.2.2 Ambiguity in the multiple reference point based information visualization models;212
12.2.3;9.2.3 Ambiguity in the pathfinder network;217
12.2.4;9.2.4 Ambiguity in SOM;219
12.2.5;9.2.5 Ambiguity in MDS;220
12.3;9.3 Summary;221
13;Chapter 10 The Implication of Metaphors in Information Visualization;224
13.1;10.1 Definition, basic elements, and characteristics of a metaphor;224
13.2;10.2 Cognitive foundation of metaphors;227
13.3;10.3 Mental models, metaphors, and human computer interaction;228
13.4;10.4 Metaphors in information visualization retrieval;232
13.4.1;10.4.1 Rationales for using metaphors;232
13.4.2;10.4.2 Metaphorical information retrieval visualization environments;234
13.5;10.5 Procedures and principles for metaphor application 10.5.1 Procedure for metaphor application;240
13.6;10.5.2 Guides for designing a good metaphorical visual information retrieval environment;241
13.7;10.6 Summary;245
14;Chapter 11 Benchmarks and Evaluation Criteria for Information Retrieval Visualization;247
14.1;11.1 Information retrieval visualization evaluation;247
14.2;11.2 Benchmarks and evaluation standards;251
14.3;11.3 Summary;261
15;Chapter 12 Afterthoughts;263
15.1;12.1 Introduction;263
15.2;12.2 Comparisons of the introduced visualization models;265
15.3;12.3 Issues and challenges;268
15.4;12.4 Summary;276
16;Bibliography;277
17;Index;294