Zuman / Belcher / Gordon Organic Polarographic Analysis

International Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5227-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 324 Seiten, Web PDF

Organic Polarographic Analysis deals with the applications of polarography in the analysis of organic compounds. The principles, techniques, and apparatus of organic polarography are discussed, and some selected examples of the applications of organic polarography in various fields of applied chemistry are presented. The direct methods in which the sample is simply dissolved in a suitable supporting electrolyte are also considered. This book consists of 11 chapters and opens with an overview of the basic principles of the polarographic method of analysis, as well as the different types of polarographic limiting currents and of electrode processes. The reader is then introduced to the instruments used in polarography, including the polarograph, dropping and reference electrodes, and electrolysis vessels. Experimental techniques in organic polarography are also described, along with some of its practical applications in fields such as pharmacy, medicine, and biochemistry. Subsequent chapters explore polarographic methods used in the analysis of organic substances, including direct and indirect methods of analysis; separation techniques; and the use of polarography in organic synthesis and isolation of natural products. This monograph is written primarily for organic and analytical chemists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zuman, Petr

Belcher, R.

Gordon, L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Organic Polarographic Analysis;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;10
6;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;12
6.1;1.1. Basic Principles;13
6.2;1.2. Types of Polarographic Limiting Currents;17
6.3;1.3. Characterization of the Different Types of the Electrode Processes;35
6.4;1.4. Other Types of Currents in Polarography;40
7;CHAPTER 2. POLAROGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION;45
7.1;2.1. Dropping Electrode;45
7.2;2.2. Reference Electrode;47
7.3;2.3. Electrolysis Vessels;48
7.4;2.4. The Polarograph;54
7.5;2.5. Derivative and Subtractive Methods;58
7.6;2.6. Auxiliary Methods;61
8;CHAPTER 3. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC POLAROGRAPHY;76
8.1;3.1. Supporting Electrolyte;76
8.2;3.2. Removal of Oxygen;84
8.3;3.3. Recording of Polarographic Curves;85
8.4;3.4. The Measurement of the Limiting Current;85
8.5;3.5. Evaluation of the Wave-height: Calibration Curve and Standard Addition Methods;88
8.6;3.6. Sensitivity and Accuracy of the Method;92
8.7;3.7. Measurement of Half-Wave Potentials;94
9;CHAPTER 4. CLASSIFICATION OF POLAROGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE ANALYSES OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES;98
9.1;4.1. Polarographically Active Substances;98
9.2;4.2. Surface Active Substances;116
9.3;4.3. Direct and Indirect Methods of Analysis;117
9.4;4.4. Elemental Analysis;117
9.5;4.5. Functional Analysis;118
10;CHAPTER 5. DIRECT METHODS OF POLAROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS;122
10.1;5.1. Examination of a Compound not previously Studied;123
10.2;5.2. Simultaneous Determination of Several Substances;125
11;CHAPTER 6. INDIRECT METHODS;127
11.1;6.1. Transformations into Electroactive Form;127
11.2;6.2. Concentration Change of Polarographically Active Substances;156
11.3;6.3. Polarometric (Amperometric) Titrations of Organic Compounds;160
12;CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES;187
12.1;7.1. Precipitation and Complex Formation;187
12.2;7.2. Extraction;188
12.3;7.3. Distillation and Steam Distillation;190
12.4;7.4. Dialysis;191
12.5;7.5. Electrolysis;192
12.6;7.6. Chromatography;192
13;CHAPTER 8. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS;200
13.1;8.1. Pharmacy;200
13.2;8.2. Medicine and Biochemistry;207
13.3;8.3. Agricultural and Food Chemistry;213
13.4;8.4. Purity of Technical Products;220
13.5;8.5. Petroleum and Fuels;223
13.6;8.6. Plastics;226
13.7;8.7. Explosives;232
13.8;8.8. Textile Industry;237
14;CHAPTER 9. POLAROGRAPHY IN ORGANIC SYNTHESES AND ISOLATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS;244
14.1;9.1. Preparative Electrochemistry;244
14.2;9.2. Applications in Organic Synthesis;246
14.3;9.3. Applications in the Isolation of Natural Products;247
15;CHAPTER 10. POLAROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF REACTION RATES AND EQUILIBRIA;249
15.1;10.1. Equilibrium Constants;249
15.2;10.2. Homogeneous Reactions in Solutions;255
15.3;10.3. Fast Reactions Accompanying the Electrode Process and Rates of Electrode Process Proper;260
16;CHAPTER 11. EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE; POLAROGRAPHY AS A TOOL IN THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES;262
16.1;11.1. Effects of Structure on Half-Wave Potentials;262
16.2;11.2. Structural Effects and Other Factors;265
16.3;11.3. Polarography as a Tool in the Analysis of the Structure of Organic Substances;265
16.4;11.4. Detection of Reactive Forms and Intermediates;267
17;LITERATURE CONCERNED WITH ORGANIC POLAROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS;271
18;AUTHOR INDEX;278
19;SUBJECT INDEX;286