Zweig / Sherma Gas Chromatographic Analysis

Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol. 6
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2083-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 794 Seiten, Web PDF

Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Volume VI: Gas Chromatographic Analysis covers the topics pesticide analyses by gas chromatography. The book discusses the sample preparation, detectors, qualitative analyses, and formulation analyses, as well as gas chromatography of different classes of pesticides. The text also provides general information concerning specific insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, nematicides and soil fumigants, as well as analytical techniques other than gas chromatography. Toxicologists and people involved in agricultural research will find the book invaluable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zweig, Gunter

Sherma, Joseph

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Gas Chromatographic Analysis;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors to Volume VI;24
6;Preface;26
7;PART I: GENERAL;28
7.1;Chapter 1. Sample Preparation;30
7.1.1;I. Sampling for Pesticide Residue Analysis;30
7.1.2;II. Cleanup and Extraction;38
7.1.3;III. Derivative Formation;58
7.1.4;References;66
7.2;Chapter 2. Detectors for Gas Chromatography of Pesticides;68
7.2.1;I. Emission Detectors;68
7.2.2;II. Thermionic Alkali Flame Ionization Detector;83
7.2.3;III. Electrochemical Detectors;89
7.2.4;IV. Electron Capture Detector;99
7.2.5;V. Summary;100
7.2.6;References;102
7.3;Chapter 3. Qualitative Analysis of Pesticides;106
7.3.1;I. Introduction;106
7.3.2;II. Identification Based on Retention Time;106
7.3.3;III. Identification Based on Specific Detectors;112
7.3.4;IV. Identification of Multiple Insecticide Residues;113
7.3.5;V. Correlation of Molecular Structure and Electron-Capturing Ability;115
7.3.6;VI. Carbon Skeleton Chromatography;116
7.3.7;VII. Fragmentation Procedures;117
7.3.8;VIII. Extraction p-Values;118
7.3.9;IX. Gas Chromatography Combined with Thin-Layer Chromatography;123
7.3.10;X. Combination of Gas Chromatography with Other Instrumental Techniques;124
7.3.11;References;132
7.4;Chapter 4. Formulation Analysis;136
7.4.1;I. Introduction;136
7.4.2;II. Instrumental Aspects;136
7.4.3;III. Internal Standard Technique;144
7.4.4;IV. Composition and Analysis of Formulations;151
7.4.5;V. Comparison Between GLC and Classical Methods;157
7.4.6;References;159
7.5;Chapter 5. Chlorinated Pesticides;161
7.5.1;I. Sample Preparation;161
7.5.2;II. Detectors;184
7.5.3;III. Instrumentation and Techniques;186
7.5.4;IV. Chromatographic Systems and Data;193
7.5.5;V. Qualitative Analysis;213
7.5.6;VI. Applications;215
7.5.7;References;215
7.6;Chapter 6. Organophosphate Pesticides;220
7.6.1;I. Sample Preparation;220
7.6.2;II. Detectors;232
7.6.3;III. Chromatographic Systems and Data;235
7.6.4;IV. Identification of Pesticides;240
7.6.5;V. Applications;256
7.6.6;References;260
7.7;Chapter 7. Miscellaneous Classes of Pesticides;263
7.7.1;I. Sulfur Compounds;263
7.7.2;II. Nitrogen–Containing Pesticides;265
7.7.3;III. Other Classes of Pesticides;285
7.7.4;IV. Multiclass Residues;293
7.7.5;References;294
8;PART II: INSECTICIDES;298
8.1;Chapter 8. Aldrin and Dieldrin;299
8.1.1;I. General;299
8.1.2;II. Analysis;299
8.2;Chapter 9. Allethrin;314
8.2.1;I. General;314
8.2.2;II. Analysis;314
8.2.3;References;315
8.3;Chapter 10. Aramite;316
8.3.1;I. General;316
8.3.2;II. Residue Analysis;316
8.3.3;References;317
8.4;Chapter 11. Azodrin® Insecticide and Bidrin® Insecticide;318
8.4.1;I. General;318
8.4.2;II. Analysis;318
8.5;Chapter 12. Banol;330
8.5.1;I. General;330
8.5.2;II. Analysis;330
8.5.3;References;331
8.6;Chapter 13. Baytex;332
8.6.1;I. General;332
8.6.2;II. Analysis;332
8.6.3;References;344
8.7;Chapter 14. Binapacryl;345
8.7.1;I. General;345
8.7.2;II. Analysis;345
8.7.3;References;345
8.8;Chapter 15. Chlordane;346
8.8.1;I. General;346
8.8.2;II. Analysis;346
8.8.3;References;349
8.9;Chapter 16. Chlorobenzilate;350
8.9.1;I. General;350
8.9.2;II. Formulation Analysis;350
8.9.3;III. Residue Analysis;350
8.9.4;References;352
8.10;Chapter 17. Chlorthion;353
8.10.1;I. General;353
8.10.2;II. Residue Analysis;353
8.10.3;References;355
8.11;Chapter 18. Ciodrin® Insecticide ;356
8.11.1;I. General;356
8.11.2;II. Analysis;356
8.12;Chapter 19. Co–Ral (Coumaphos);363
8.12.1;I. General;363
8.12.2;II. Analysis ;363
8.12.3;References;370
8.13;Chapter 20. DDT;371
8.13.1;I. General;371
8.13.2;II. Residue Analysis;371
8.13.3;References;374
8.14;Chapter 21. Diazinon;376
8.14.1;I. General;376
8.14.2;II. Analysis;376
8.14.3;References;380
8.15;Chapter 22. Dibrom (Naled);381
8.15.1;I. General;381
8.15.2;II. Analysis;381
8.15.3;Reference;386
8.16;Chapter 23. Dimetan;387
8.16.1;I. General;387
8.16.2;II. Analysis;387
8.16.3;Reference;387
8.17;Chapter 24. Dimethoate;388
8.17.1;I. General;388
8.17.2;II. Formulation Analysis;388
8.17.3;III. Residue Analysis;393
8.17.4;References;406
8.18;Chapter 25. Dimetilan;407
8.18.1;I. General;407
8.18.2;II. Analysis;407
8.18.3;Reference;407
8.19;Chapter 26. Di–Syston (Disulfoton; Thio–Demeton);408
8.19.1;I. General;408
8.19.2;II. Residue Analysis;408
8.19.3;References;417
8.20;Chapter 27. Dylox;418
8.20.1;I. General;418
8.20.2;II. Analysis;418
8.20.3;References;422
8.21;Chapter 28. Endrin;424
8.21.1;I. General;424
8.21.2;II. Residue Analysis;424
8.21.3;References;425
8.22;Chapter 29. Ethion;427
8.22.1;I. General;427
8.22.2;II. Residue Analysis;427
8.22.3;References;427
8.23;Chapter 30. Guthion;428
8.23.1;I. General;428
8.23.2;II. Analysis;428
8.23.3;References;434
8.24;Chapter 31. Heptachlor;435
8.24.1;I. General ;435
8.24.2;II. Analysis ;435
8.24.3;References;438
8.25;Chapter 32. Imidan®;439
8.25.1;I. General ;439
8.25.2;II. Formulation Analysis;439
8.25.3;III. Residue Analysis;440
8.25.4;References;444
8.26;Chapter 33. Isolan;445
8.26.1;I. General;445
8.26.2;II. Analysis;445
8.27;Chapter 34. Kelthane (Dicofol);446
8.27.1;I. General ;446
8.27.2;II. Residue Analysis;446
8.27.3;References;447
8.28;Chapter 35. Lethane;448
8.28.1;I. General;448
8.28.2;II. Analysis;448
8.28.3;Reference;448
8.29;Chapter 36. Malathion;449
8.29.1;I. General;449
8.29.2;II. Formulation Analysis;449
8.29.3;III. Residue Analysis;454
8.29.4;References;462
8.30;Chapter 37. Meta-Systox;463
8.30.1;I. General;463
8.30.2;II. Residue Analysis;463
8.30.3;References;471
8.31;Chapter 38. Methoxychlor;472
8.31.1;I. General;472
8.31.2;II. Residue Analysis;472
8.31.3;References;473
8.32;Chapter 39. Methyl Trithion;474
8.32.1;I. General ;474
8.32.2;II. Analysis ;474
8.33;Chapter 40. Morestan;475
8.33.1;I. General;475
8.33.2;II. Anal ysis;475
8.34;Chapter 41. Parathion;476
8.34.1;I. General;476
8.34.2;II. Residue Analysis—Review of Methods;476
8.34.3;References;477
8.35;Chapter 42. Perthane;478
8.35.1;I. General;478
8.35.2;II. Residue Analysis;478
8.35.3;Reference;479
8.36;Chapter 43. Phencapton;480
8.36.1;I. General;480
8.36.2;II. Residue Analysis;480
8.36.3;Reference;480
8.37;Chapter 44. Phosdrin® Insecticide;481
8.37.1;I. General;481
8.37.2;II. Analysis;481
8.38;Chapter 45. Phosphamidon;488
8.38.1;I. General;488
8.38.2;II. Residue Analysis;488
8.38.3;Reference;488
8.39;Chapter 46. Piperonyl Butoxide;489
8.39.1;I. General;489
8.39.2;II. Analysis;489
8.39.3;References;491
8.40;Chapter 47. Pyrethrins;492
8.40.1;I. General;492
8.40.2;II. Analysis ;492
8.40.3;References;501
8.41;Chapter 48. Pyrolan;502
8.41.1;I. General;502
8.41.2;II. Analysis;502
8.42;Chapter 49. Rltothane (DDD);503
8.42.1;I. General;503
8.42.2;II. Analysis;503
8.42.3;References;503
8.43;Chapter 50. Ronnel (Fenehlorphos);504
8.43.1;I. General;504
8.43.2;II. Analysis;504
8.43.3;References;508
8.44;Chapter 51. Sevin (Carbaryl);509
8.44.1;I. General;509
8.44.2;II. Residue Analysis;509
8.44.3;References;513
8.45;Chapter 52. Systox;514
8.45.1;I. General;514
8.45.2;II. Analysis;514
8.45.3;References;518
8.46;Chapter 53. Tedion (Tetradifon);519
8.46.1;I. General;519
8.46.2;II. Residue Analysis;519
8.46.3;References;523
8.47;Chapter 54. Thimet (Phorate);524
8.47.1;I. General;524
8.47.2;II. Formulation Analysis;524
8.47.3;III. Residue Analysis;529
8.47.4;IV. Applicability of Recommended Method to Different Crops or Commodities;540
8.47.5;References;541
8.48;Chapter 55. Thiodan (Endosulfan);542
8.48.1;I. General;542
8.48.2;II. Analysis;542
8.48.3;References;543
8.49;Chapter 56. Toxaphene;545
8.49.1;I. General;545
8.49.2;II. Residue Analysis;545
8.49.3;References;549
8.50;Chapter 57. Trithion®;550
8.50.1;I. General;550
8.50.2;II. Formulation Analysis;550
8.50.3;III. Residue Analysis;552
8.50.4;References;559
8.51;Chapter 58. Vapona® Insecticide;560
8.51.1;I. General;560
8.51.2;II. Analysis;560
8.52;Chapter 59. Zectran;573
8.52.1;I. General;573
8.52.2;II. Residue Analysis;573
8.52.3;References;575
9;PART III: FUNGICIDES;576
9.1;Chapter 60. Actidione;578
9.1.1;I. General;578
9.1.2;II. Analysis;578
9.2;Chapter 61. Captan and Phaltan;579
9.2.1;I. General;579
9.2.2;II. Analysis;579
9.2.3;References;583
9.3;Chapter 62. Chloranil;583
9.3.1;I. General;583
9.3.2;II. Analysis;583
9.3.3;References;583
9.4;Chapter 63. Cyprex;584
9.4.1;I. General;584
9.4.2;II. Analysis;584
9.5;Chapter 64. Dexon;585
9.5.1;I. General;585
9.5.2;II. Analysis;585
9.6;Chapter 65. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCNA; Botran®);586
9.6.1;I. General;586
9.6.2;II. Residue Analysis;586
9.6.3;References;588
9.7;Chapter 66. Difolatan®;589
9.7.1;I. General;589
9.7.2;II. Analysis;589
9.7.3;Reference;593
9.8;Chapter 67. Dithiocarbamates;594
9.8.1;I. General;596
9.8.2;II. Analysis;596
9.8.3;References;596
9.9;Chapter 68. Dyrene;597
9.9.1;I. General;597
9.9.2;II. Residue Analysis;597
9.9.3;References;599
9.10;Chapter 69. Glyodin;600
9.10.1;I. General;600
9.10.2;II. Analysis;600
9.11;Chapter 70. Karathane® (Dinocap);601
9.11.1;I. General;601
9.11.2;II. Analysis;601
9.11.3;References;607
9.12;Chapter 71. Lanstan;608
9.12.1;I. General;608
9.12.2;II. Analysis;608
9.12.3;Reference;608
9.13;Chapter 72. Mylone;609
9.13.1;I. General;609
9.13.2;II. Analysis;609
9.14;Chapter 73. PCNH;610
9.14.1;I. General;610
9.14.2;II. Anal ysis ;610
9.14.3;References;613
9.15;Chapter 74. Pentachlorophenol (PCP);614
9.15.1;I. General;614
9.15.2;II. Residue Analysis;614
9.15.3;References;616
9.16;Chapter 75. Phygon (Dichlone);617
9.16.1;I. General;617
9.16.2;II. Residue Analysis-Recommended Procedure for Crop Extracts;617
9.16.3;References;618
10;PART IV: HERBICIDES AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS;620
10.1;Chapter 76. Alanap;621
10.1.1;I. General;621
10.1.2;II. Analysis;621
10.2;Chapter 77. Ametryne;622
10.2.1;I. General;622
10.2.2;II. Analysis;622
10.3;Chapter 78. Amiben®;623
10.3.1;I. General;623
10.3.2;II. Analysis;623
10.3.3;References;630
10.4;Chapter 79. 3-Amino–s-triazole (Amitrole);631
10.4.1;I. General;631
10.4.2;II. Anal ysis;631
10.5;Chapter 80. Atratone;632
10.5.1;I. General;632
10.5.2;II. Residue Analysis;632
10.5.3;Reference;634
10.6;Chapter 81. Atrazine;635
10.6.1;I. General;635
10.6.2;II. Residue Analysis;635
10.6.3;References;637
10.7;Chapter 82. Bromacil;638
10.7.1;I. General;638
10.7.2;II. Residue Analysis;638
10.7.3;References;639
10.8;Chapter 83. Bromoxynil;640
10.8.1;I. General;640
10.8.2;II. Analysis ;640
10.8.3;References;645
10.9;Chapter 84. Carbyne;646
10.9.1;I. General;646
10.9.2;II. Analysis;646
10.9.3;Reference;646
10.10;Chapter 85. CIPC;647
10.10.1;I. General ;647
10.10.2;II. Analysis ;647
10.10.3;References;650
10.11;Chapter 86. Dacthal;651
10.11.1;I. General;651
10.11.2;II. Formulation Analysis;651
10.11.3;III. Residue Analysis;652
10.11.4;Reference;655
10.12;Chapter 87. Dalapon;656
10.12.1;I. General;656
10.12.2;II. Residue Analysis;656
10.12.3;References;661
10.13;Chapter 88. DEF;662
10.13.1;I. General;662
10.13.2;II. Residue Analysis;662
10.13.3;References;664
10.14;Chapter 89. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid;665
10.14.1;I. General;665
10.14.2;II. Analysis;665
10.14.3;References;670
10.15;Chapter 90. 4(2,4-DB) [or (2,4-DB)];671
10.15.1;I. General;671
10.15.2;II. Analysis;671
10.16;Chapter 91. Diphenamid;672
10.16.1;I. General;672
10.16.2;II. Analysis;672
10.16.3;References;672
10.17;Chapter 92. Diquat;673
10.17.1;I. General;673
10.17.2;II. Analysis;673
10.18;Chapter 93. DNBP (Dinoseb) (also DNOSBP);674
10.18.1;I. General;674
10.18.2;II. Residue Analysis;674
10.18.3;References;677
10.19;Chapter 94. Duraset;678
10.19.1;I. General;678
10.19.2;II. Analysis;678
10.20;Chapter 95. Eptam®;679
10.20.1;I. General;679
10.20.2;II. Formulation Analysis;679
10.20.3;III. Residue Analysis;681
10.20.4;Reference;686
10.21;Chapter 96. Falone;687
10.21.1;I. General;687
10.21.2;II. Analysis;687
10.22;Chapter 97. Gibberellic Acid;688
10.22.1;I. General;688
10.22.2;II. Analysis;688
10.23;Chapter 98. Ioxynil;689
10.23.1;I. General;689
10.23.2;II. Formulation Analysis;689
10.23.3;III. Residue Analysis;689
10.23.4;References;691
10.24;Chapter 99. IPC (Propham);692
10.24.1;I. General;692
10.24.2;II. Residue Analysis;692
10.24.3;References;693
10.25;Chapter 100. Linuron;694
10.25.1;I. GENERAL;694
10.25.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;694
10.25.3;REFERENCE;696
10.26;Chapter 101. Maleic Hydrazide;697
10.26.1;I. GENERAL;697
10.26.2;II. ANALYSIS;697
10.27;Chapter 102. MCPA;698
10.27.1;I. GENERAL;698
10.27.2;II. FORMULATION ANALYSIS;698
10.27.3;III. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;698
10.27.4;REFERENCES;698
10.28;Chapter 103. Monuron, Diuron, and Neburon;699
10.28.1;I. GENERAL;699
10.28.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;700
10.28.3;REFERENCES;701
10.29;Chapter 104. Naphthaleneacetic Acid;702
10.29.1;I. GENERAL;702
10.29.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;702
10.29.3;REFERENCES;702
10.30;Chapter 105. Ordram;703
10.30.1;I. GENERAL;703
10.30.2;II. FORMULATION ANALYSIS;703
10.30.3;III. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;705
10.31;Chapter 106. Paraquat;706
10.31.1;I. GENERAL;706
10.31.2;II. ANALYSIS;706
10.32;Chapter 107. Prefar;707
10.32.1;I. GENERAL;707
10.32.2;II. FORMULATION ANALYSIS;707
10.32.3;III. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;708
10.33;Chapter 108. Prometone;714
10.33.1;I. GENERAL;714
10.33.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;714
10.33.3;REFERENCES;714
10.34;Chapter 109. Prometryne;715
10.34.1;I. GENERAL;715
10.34.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;715
10.34.3;REFERENCE;718
10.35;Chapter 110. Propazine;719
10.35.1;I. GENERAL;719
10.35.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;719
10.36;Chapter 111. Randox;720
10.36.1;I. GENERAL;720
10.36.2;II. ANALYSIS;720
10.37;Chapter 112. Ro-Neet;721
10.37.1;I. GENERAL;721
10.37.2;II. FORMULATION ANALYSIS;721
10.37.3;III. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;721
10.38;Chapter 113. Sesone;722
10.38.1;I. GENERAL;722
10.38.2;II. ANALYSIS;722
10.39;Chapter 114. Silvex (2,4,5-TP;723
10.39.1;I. GENERAL;723
10.39.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;723
10.39.3;REFERENCES;725
10.40;Chapter 115. Simazine;726
10.40.1;I. GENERAL;726
10.40.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;726
10.41;Chapter 116. Stam® (Propanil;727
10.41.1;I. GENERAL;727
10.41.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;727
10.41.3;REFERENCE;731
10.42;Chapter 117. Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide (Alar®);732
10.42.1;I. GENERAL;732
10.42.2;II. ANALYSIS;732
10.42.3;REFERENCE;732
10.43;Chapter 118. Tillam®;733
10.43.1;I. GENERAL;733
10.43.2;II. FORMULATION ANALYSIS;733
10.43.3;III. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;733
10.44;Chapter 119. Tordon (Picrolam);735
10.44.1;I. GENERAL;735
10.44.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;735
10.44.3;REFERENCES;736
10.45;Chapter 120. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T);737
10.45.1;I. GENERAL;737
10.45.2;II. ANALYSIS;737
10.45.3;REFERENCES;737
10.46;Chapter 121.Trifluralin;738
10.46.1;I. GENERAL;738
10.46.2;II. ANALYSIS;738
10.46.3;REFERENCES;738
10.47;Chapter 122. Vegadex;739
10.47.1;I. GENERAL;739
10.47.2;II. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;739
10.47.3;REFERENCE;742
10.48;Chapter 123. Vernam®;743
10.48.1;I. GENERAL;743
10.48.2;II. FORMULATION ANALYSIS;743
10.48.3;III. RESIDUE ANALYSIS;743
11;Part V: Nematicides and Soil Fumigants;746
11.1;Chapter 124. Dichloropropene—Dichloropropane;747
11.1.1;I. GENERAL;747
11.1.2;II. ANALYSIS;747
11.1.3;REFERENCES;747
11.2;Chapter 125. Ethylene Dibromide;748
11.2.1;I. GENERAL;748
11.2.2;II. ANALYSIS;748
11.2.3;REFERENCES;749
11.3;Chapter 126. Methyl Bromide;750
11.3.1;I. GENERAL;750
11.3.2;II. ANALYSIS;750
11.3.3;REFERENCE;750
11.4;Chapter 127. Nemagon;751
11.4.1;I. GENERAL;751
11.4.2;II. ANALYSIS;751
11.4.3;REFERENCES;753
11.5;Chapter 128. Vapam;754
11.5.1;I. GENERAL;754
11.5.2;II. ANALYSIS;754
11.5.3;REFERENCE;754
12;Author Index;756
13;Subject Index;769
14;Cumulative Index, Volumes I–VI;800