Aldea / Bârsan Trends in Nanophysics

Theory, Experiment and Technology
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-642-12070-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 382 Seiten

Reihe: Engineering Materials

This book explores a variety of diverse issues in nanotechnology, including radiation-induced polymerization, cross-linking and grafting; Mossbauer study of nanomaterials; biomedical applications of nanomaterials; graphene and carbon nanotubes; and many more.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bârsan, Victor

Aldea, Alexandru

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
1.1;1 Ordered Atomic-Scale Structures;5
1.2;2 Nanowires: Growth and Properties;6
1.3;3 Transport Phenomena in Nanostructures;6
1.4;4 Optical Properties of Nanostructures;6
1.5;5 Magnetic Nanophases; Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Nanocomposites;7
1.6;6 Nanofluids and Flows at Nanoscale;7
2;Acknowledgements;9
3;Contents;10
4;Contributors;12
5;List of Acronyms;16
5.1;Institutions;16
5.2;Scientific Concepts;16
6;Part I Ordered Atomic-Scale Structures;18
6.1;Fabrication and Characterization of Ordered Atomic-scale Structures -- A Step towards Future Nanoscale Technology;19
6.1.1;Wolf-Dieter Schneider;19
6.1.2;1 Introduction;20
6.1.3;2 Experimental;20
6.1.4;3 Results and Discussion;21
6.1.4.1;3.1 Self-Assembly of Adatom Superlattices;21
6.1.4.2;3.2 Melting of Adatom Superlattices;22
6.1.4.3;3.3 Reduction of the Superconducting Gap of Ultrathin Pb Islands Grown On Si(111);27
6.1.4.4;3.4 Chiral Self-Assembly of Rubrene Molecules on Au(111);30
6.1.4.5;3.5 STM-induced Light Emission from Fullerene Molecules on a Dielectric Substrate;35
6.1.5;4 Conclusions;40
6.1.6;References;41
6.2;Computational Nanomechanics of Quasi-one-dimensional Structures in a Symmetry-Adapted Tight Binding Framework;44
6.2.1;Traian Dumitrica;44
6.2.2;1 Introduction;44
6.2.3;2 Methodology;47
6.2.3.1;2.1 Tight Binding Preliminaries;47
6.2.3.2;2.2 Detailed Formulation of the Symmetry-Adapted Tight Binding Molecular Dynamics;50
6.2.4;3 Applications of Symmetry-Adapted Modeling in Nanomechanics;55
6.2.4.1;3.1 Linear- and Nonlinear-Elastic Response of Carbon Nanotubes;55
6.2.4.2;3.2 Stability of Polycrystalline and Hexagonal Si Nanowires;59
6.2.5;4 Conclusion;68
6.2.6;References;68
7;Part II Nanowires: Growth and Properties;71
7.1;Thin-Film Metamaterials Called Sculptured Thin Films;72
7.1.1;Akhlesh Lakhtakia and Joseph B. Geddes III;72
7.1.2;1 Introduction;72
7.1.3;2 Fabrication of STFs;74
7.1.4;3 Optical Constitutive Relations of STFs;76
7.1.5;4 Applications of STFs;77
7.1.5.1;4.1 Optical;77
7.1.5.2;4.2 Thermal;79
7.1.5.3;4.3 Chemical;79
7.1.5.4;4.4 Biological;79
7.1.5.5;4.5 Advantages and Disadvantages;80
7.1.6;5 Concluding Remarks;80
7.1.7;References;81
7.2;GaN and InN Nanowires: Growth and Optoelectronic Properties;85
7.2.1;Toma Stoica, Eli Sutter, and Raffaella Calarco;85
7.2.2;1 Introduction;85
7.2.3;2 Catalyst-Free MBE Growth of GaN and InN NWs: Nucleation and Diffusion-Induced Mechanism;86
7.2.4;3 Surface Influence on Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of GaN and InN NWs;93
7.2.4.1;3.1 Optoelectronic Properties of GaN NWs;93
7.2.4.2;3.2 Optoelectronic Properties of InN NWs;99
7.2.5;4 Conclusions;106
7.2.6;References;106
8;Part III Transport Phenomena in Nanostructures;109
8.1;Electronic and Thermal Sequential Transport in Metallic and Superconducting Two-Junction Arrays;110
8.1.1;T. Kühn and G.S. Paraoanu;110
8.1.2;1 Introduction;110
8.1.3;2 Transport in Single Tunnel Junctions;112
8.1.3.1;2.1 General Theory of Tunneling;112
8.1.3.2;2.2 Numerical Methods;117
8.1.4;3 Two-Junction Devices;122
8.1.4.1;3.1 Master Equation;123
8.1.4.2;3.2 Coulomb Blockade Thermometry;128
8.1.4.3;3.3 SINIS;130
8.1.4.4;3.4 Superconducting SETs;131
8.1.4.5;3.5 Effect of the Gate;134
8.1.4.6;3.6 Cooling;135
8.1.5;4 Conclusions;137
8.1.6;References;141
8.2;Ballistic Transistors: From Planar to Cylindrical Nanowire Transistors;143
8.2.1;G.A. Nemnes, U. Wulf, L. Ion, and S. Antohe;143
8.2.2;1 Introduction;143
8.2.3;2 Landauer-Büttiker Formalism for a Multi-terminal Device;144
8.2.4;3 The R-Matrix Approach;146
8.2.5;4 Planar Nanoscale Transistor;147
8.2.5.1;4.1 Planar Transistor Model;147
8.2.5.2;4.2 Linear Regime;148
8.2.5.3;4.3 Nonlinear Regime;149
8.2.6;5 Cylindrical Nanowire Transistor;151
8.2.6.1;5.1 CNT Model;151
8.2.6.2;5.2 Uniformly Doped Nanowire;152
8.2.6.3;5.3 Doped Nanowire with Intrinsic Region;154
8.2.6.4;5.4 CNT: Linear Regime Characteristics;155
8.2.7;6 Summary;156
8.2.8;References;156
8.3;R-matrix Formalism for Electron Scattering in Two Dimensions with Applications to Nanostructures with Quantum Dots;158
8.3.1;P.N. Racec, E.R. Racec, and H. Neidhardt;158
8.3.2;1 Introduction;158
8.3.3;2 Model;160
8.3.3.1;2.1 Scattering Problem for Two Dimensions;162
8.3.3.2;2.2 Scattering States;164
8.3.3.3;2.3 R-matrix Formalism For Two Dimensions;167
8.3.3.4;2.4 Reflection and Transmission Coefficients;170
8.3.3.5;2.5 Current Scattering Matrix;171
8.3.3.6;2.6 Resonances;172
8.3.4;3 Model Systems;173
8.3.4.1;3.1 Quantum Dot in Two-Dimensional Electron Gas;173
8.3.4.2;3.2 Conical Quantum Dot Inside a Cylindrical Nanowire;178
8.3.5;4 Summary and Discussion;182
8.3.6;References;182
8.4;Fractional Charge (and Statistics) in Luttinger Liquids;184
8.4.1;Jon Magne Leinaas;184
8.4.2;1 Introduction;184
8.4.3;2 Examples of Charge Fractionalization;186
8.4.3.1;2.1 The Jackiw-Rebbi Soliton;186
8.4.3.2;2.2 The Dressed Flux Tube;188
8.4.3.3;2.3 The Laughlin Quasiparticle;189
8.4.4;3 Fractional Charge Versus Fractional Probability;191
8.4.5;4 The One-Dimensional Luttinger Liquid;194
8.4.6;5 Chiral Separation and Fractional Charges;197
8.4.7;6 The Two-Dimensional Representation;202
8.4.8;7 Charge Fluctuations;206
8.4.9;8 Concluding Remarks;207
8.4.10;References;209
9;Part IV Optical Properties of Nanostructures;211
9.1;Near-Field Optical Forces from Surface Plasmon Polaritons: Experiment and Theory;212
9.1.1;Kenneth B. Crozier;212
9.1.2;1 Optical Manipulation Manipulation of Nanoparticles with Surface Plasmon Polaritons;212
9.1.3;References;223
9.2;Plasmon Spectra of Nano-Structures: A Hydrodynamic Model;224
9.2.1;I. Villo-Perez, Z.L. Miškovic, and N.R. Arista;224
9.2.2;1 Introduction;224
9.2.3;2 Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamical Model;225
9.2.3.1;2.1 Equations for Homogeneous Medium;227
9.2.3.2;2.2 Boundary Conditions at Metal Surface;228
9.2.4;3 Cylindrical Wire;229
9.2.4.1;3.1 Scaling Property: Dimensionless Equations;231
9.2.4.2;3.2 The Non-Dispersive Limit;232
9.2.4.3;3.3 The Fundamental Mode, m=0;232
9.2.5;4 Planar Slab;235
9.2.5.1;4.1 Scaling Property: Dimensionless Equations;237
9.2.5.2;4.2 The Non-Dispersive Limit;237
9.2.6;5 Spherical Ball;240
9.2.6.1;5.1 Scaling Property: Dimensionless Equations;241
9.2.6.2;5.2 The Non-Dispersive Limit;241
9.2.7;6 Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model;243
9.2.7.1;6.1 One-Fluid Model on a Plane;243
9.2.7.2;6.2 Two-Fluid Model for Carbon Nano-Structures;245
9.2.7.3;6.3 Plasmon Hybridization with Dielectric Media;251
9.2.8;7 Summary;257
9.2.9;References;258
10;Part V Magnetic Nanophases; Magnetic and Non-magnetic Nanocomposites;262
10.1;Magnetic Nanocomposites at Microwave Frequencies;263
10.1.1;Jaakko V.I. Timonen, Robin H.A. Ras, Olli Ikkala, Markku Oksanen, Eira Seppälä, Khattiya Chalapat, Jian Li, and Gheorghe Sorin Poraoanu;263
10.1.2;1 Introduction;263
10.1.3;2 Magnetism in Nanoparticles;266
10.1.3.1;2.1 Existence Criteria for the Single-Domain State;266
10.1.3.2;2.2 Ferromagnetic Resonance and the Snoek Limit;267
10.1.3.3;2.3 Eddy Currents and Other Sources of Loss;270
10.1.4;3 Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites;272
10.1.4.1;3.1 Factors Affecting the Nanoparticle Dispersion Quality;273
10.1.4.2;3.2 Effective Magnetic Response;277
10.1.5;4 Preparation and Characterization;279
10.1.5.1;4.1 High Volume Fraction Nanocomposites for High-Frequencies;279
10.1.5.2;4.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy: Structural Analysis;280
10.1.5.3;4.3 Magnetometry: Low-Frequency Permeability;281
10.1.5.4;4.4 X-Ray Diffraction: Structure of the Nanoparticles;281
10.1.5.5;4.5 Summary;282
10.1.6;5 High-Frequency Properties;282
10.1.6.1;5.1 Coaxial Airline Technique: Permittivity and Permeabilityin the SHF Band;282
10.1.6.2;5.2 Nanocomposites: Permittivity and Permeability in the SHF Band;286
10.1.7;6 Conclusions: How to Improve the Performance in the SHF Band;288
10.1.8;References;290
10.2;Magnetic Nanocomposites for Permanent Magnets;292
10.2.1;F. Tolea, M. Sofronie, A. Birsan, G. Schinteie, V. Kuncser, and M. Valeanu;292
10.2.2;1 Introduction;292
10.2.3;2 Experimental Set-Up;293
10.2.4;3 Results and Discussions;293
10.2.4.1;3.1 Nd2Fe14B and Pr2Fe14B + x% Fe;293
10.2.4.2;3.2 Nd7Fe81B12 with Zr and Ti Substitutions;297
10.2.5;4 Conclusions;300
10.2.6;References;301
10.3;Magnetic Configuration and Relaxation in Iron Based Nano-Particles: A Mössbauer Approach;302
10.3.1;V. Kuncser, G. Schinteie, R. Alexandrescu, I. Morjan, L. Vekas, and G. Filoti;302
10.3.2;1 Introduction;302
10.3.3;2 About 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy;306
10.3.4;3 Magnetic Fluids;308
10.3.5;4 Iron Based Nanopowders Prepared by Laser Pyrolysis;314
10.3.6;5 Conclusions;318
10.3.7;References;318
10.4;Properties of Ag/PVP Hydrogel Nanocomposite Synthesized In Situ by Gamma Irradiation;320
10.4.1;Ž. Jovanovic, A. Krklješ, S. Tomic, V. Miškovic-Stankovic, S. Popovic, M. Dragaševic, and Z. Kacarevic-Popovic;320
10.4.2;1 Scientific Background;320
10.4.2.1;1.1 Hydrogels as Biomaterials;320
10.4.2.2;1.2 Nano Ag in Biomedical Application;321
10.4.2.3;1.3 Hydrogel Based Nanocomposites with Silver Nanoparticles;323
10.4.3;2 Characterization and Determination of Swelling and Diffusion Characteristics of In Situ Radiolytic Synthesized Ag/PVP Hydrogel Nanocomposite in SBF Solution;324
10.4.3.1;2.1 Introduction;324
10.4.3.2;2.2 Experimental;326
10.4.3.3;2.3 Results and Discussion;327
10.4.4;3 Conclusion;332
10.4.5;References;332
11;Part VI Nanofluids and Flows at Nanoscale;334
11.1;Revealing Magnetite Nanoparticles AggregationDynamics -- A SLS and DLS Study;335
11.1.1;Dan Chicea;335
11.1.2;1 Introduction;335
11.1.3;2 Nanofluid Preparation;338
11.1.4;3 The Dynamic Light Scattering Technique (DLS);339
11.1.5;4 Static Light Scattering Particle Sizing;344
11.1.6;5 Discussion;350
11.1.7;6 Conclusions;351
11.1.8;References;352
11.2;Features of Classical and Quantum Fluid Flows Extendingto Micro- and Nano-Scales;355
11.2.1;J.J. Niemela;355
11.2.2;1 Introduction;355
11.2.2.1;1.1 The Dynamics of Fluids;356
11.2.2.2;1.2 Fluid Turbulence;358
11.2.3;2 Pushing Re in the Laboratory;360
11.2.3.1;2.1 Helium as a Working Fluid;360
11.2.3.2;2.2 Superfluid Turbulence;362
11.2.3.3;2.3 Classical Fluid Turbulence;364
11.2.4;3 Discussion;366
11.2.5;References;367
12;Index;369