Armitage / Plummer Adaptive Capacity and Environmental Governance

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-642-12194-4
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 307 Seiten

Rapid environmental change calls for individuals and societies with an ability to transform our interactions with each other and the ecosystems upon which we depend. Adaptive capacity - the ability of a social-ecological system (or the components of that system) to be robust to disturbances and capable of responding to changes - is increasingly recognized as a critical attribute of multi-level environmental governance. This unique volume offers the first interdisciplinary and integrative perspective on an emerging area of applied scholarship, with contributions from internationally recognized researchers and practitioners. It demonstrates how adaptive capacity makes environmental governance possible in complex social-ecological systems. Cutting-edge theoretical developments are explored and empirical case studies offered from a wide range of geographic settings and natural resource contexts, such as water, climate, fisheries and forestry. •Of interest to researchers, policymakers and resource managers seeking to navigate and understand social-ecological change in diverse geographic settings and resource contexts

Autoren/Hrsg.

Armitage, Derek

Plummer, Ryan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface and Acknowledgments;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;10
4;Chapter 1: Integrating Perspectives on Adaptive Capacity and Environmental Governance;12
4.1;1.1 Introduction;12
4.2;1.2 Contemporary Environmental Challenges: A Synopsis;13
4.3;1.3 Environmental Governance;15
4.4;1.4 Adaptive Capacity;16
4.4.1;1.4.1 Complex Adaptive Systems;21
4.4.2;1.4.2 Capacity and Capacity Building;22
4.4.3;1.4.3 Institutions;22
4.4.4;1.4.4 Social Capital and Networks;23
4.4.5;1.4.5 Learning;23
4.4.6;1.4.6 Vulnerability and Livelihoods;24
4.5;1.5 A Roadmap to This Volume;24
4.6;References;26
5;Section I: Adaptive Capacity in Theory and Practice;31
5.1;Chapter 2: Adaptive Capacity in Theory and Reality: Implications for Governance in the Great Barrier Reef Region;32
5.1.1;2.1 The Great Barrier Reef Region: A Complex Governance Challenge;32
5.1.2;2.2 Adaptive Capacity in Theory;33
5.1.2.1;2.2.1 Review of Definitions;33
5.1.2.1.1;2.2.1.1 Vulnerability and Adaptation;34
5.1.2.1.2;2.2.1.2 Resilience;35
5.1.2.2;2.2.2 A Conceptual Lens for Assessing Adaptive Capacity;36
5.1.2.3;2.2.3 From Theoretical Definitions to Operational Measures;37
5.1.3;2.3 Adaptive Capacity in ``Reality´´: Examples from the GBR;37
5.1.3.1;2.3.1 Coping with Policy Change in the Fishing Industry;38
5.1.3.2;2.3.2 Natural Resource Managers´ Perceptions of Social Resilience to Water Quality Change;39
5.1.3.3;2.3.3 Public Perceptions of Institutional Roles in Australian Water Management;41
5.1.3.4;2.3.4 The Future Great Barrier Reef: Adaptive Capacity in the Eyes of the Region´s Leaders;43
5.1.4;2.4 Adaptive Capacity in Theory and Reality: Matches, Mismatches, and Future Governance of the GBR;45
5.1.5;References;47
5.2;Chapter 3: Building Adaptive Capacity in Systems Beyond the Threshold: The Story of Macubeni, South Africa;51
5.2.1;3.1 Introduction;51
5.2.2;3.2 Study Area;52
5.2.2.1;3.2.1 Ecosystem Services;53
5.2.2.2;3.2.2 History of Land Management and Institutional Capacity;54
5.2.2.3;3.2.3 Social Vulnerability;55
5.2.3;3.3 Methods;56
5.2.3.1;3.3.1 Scale;59
5.2.3.2;3.3.2 Drivers;59
5.2.3.3;3.3.3 Governance and Co-Management;59
5.2.3.4;3.3.4 Capacity Development;61
5.2.3.5;3.3.5 Motivation;62
5.2.3.6;3.3.6 Adaptive Management and Monitoring;62
5.2.4;3.4 Outcomes;63
5.2.4.1;3.4.1 Identifying Drivers;63
5.2.4.2;3.4.2 Strengthening of Governance;64
5.2.4.3;3.4.3 Capacity Development;65
5.2.4.4;3.4.4 Motivation;65
5.2.4.5;3.4.5 Adaptive Management and Monitoring;66
5.2.4.6;3.4.6 Co-Management;66
5.2.5;3.5 Discussion;67
5.2.5.1;3.5.1 Linking Resilience and Adaptive Co-Management Theory to Practise;67
5.2.5.2;3.5.2 The Impact of Surprise in Systems Beyond the Threshold: Politics, Conflict, Government Decisions;68
5.2.5.3;3.5.3 Implications for Adaptive Co-Management Theory;69
5.2.5.3.1;3.5.3.1 Maintaining Key Individuals and Balancing Power Relations;70
5.2.5.3.2;3.5.3.2 Motivating all Actors to Collaborate;70
5.2.5.3.3;3.5.3.3 Making the Most of Available Capacity and Resources;71
5.2.5.3.4;3.5.3.4 Overcoming Disturbances During the Early Stages of the Project;71
5.2.5.3.5;3.5.3.5 Focusing on the Finest Resolution Within Time and Budget Constraints;72
5.2.5.3.6;3.5.3.6 Persistence;72
5.2.6;3.6 Conclusions;73
5.2.7;References;73
5.3;Chapter 4: Learning and Adaptation: The Role of Fisheries Comanagement in Building Resilient Social-Ecological Systems;77
5.3.1;4.1 Introduction;77
5.3.2;4.2 Case Studies;78
5.3.2.1;4.2.1 On the Right Track: Comanagement´s Positive Outcomes in Chile and Malawian Lake Chiuta;78
5.3.2.2;4.2.2 The Challenge to Participatory Management: The Struggle to Implement Comanagement in Malawi and Brazil;80
5.3.3;4.3 Deconstructing Fishery Comanagement Arrangements;82
5.3.3.1;4.3.1 Power Imbalances;82
5.3.3.2;4.3.2 Legitimacy Crisis;85
5.3.3.3;4.3.3 Adaptive Learning Mechanisms;87
5.3.3.4;4.3.4 The Threat of Erosion of Social Cohesion;88
5.3.4;4.4 Reflections on Advances in Comanagement Arrangements: Lessons from Case Studies;92
5.3.5;References;94
5.4;Chapter 5: Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation in Swedish Multi-Use Boreal Forests: Sites of Interaction Between Different Land Uses;97
5.4.1;5.1 Introduction;97
5.4.2;5.2 Theoretical Framework;98
5.4.3;5.3 Case Study Area and Methodology;99
5.4.4;5.4 Results;102
5.4.4.1;5.4.1 Interaction Between Sectors;102
5.4.4.1.1;5.4.1.1 Reindeer Husbandry´s Interaction with Other Sectors;102
5.4.4.1.2;5.4.1.2 Interactions Between Forestry and Environmental Protection;104
5.4.4.1.3;5.4.1.3 Winter Tourism;106
5.4.4.2;5.4.2 Adaptation and Potential Means of Increasing Adaptive Capacity;107
5.4.5;5.5 Conclusion: Sites of Interaction Between Land Uses?;111
5.4.6;References;112
5.5;Chapter 6: From the Inside Out: A Multi-scale Analysis of Adaptive Capacity in a Northern Community and the Governance Implications;115
5.5.1;6.1 Introduction;115
5.5.2;6.2 Context and Methods;116
5.5.3;6.3 Adaptive Capacity at the Local Level: Endogenous Determinants;120
5.5.4;6.4 Enablers of Adaptive Capacity: Scaling Up;123
5.5.4.1;6.4.1 Government Support Programs;124
5.5.4.2;6.4.2 Economic Transition;125
5.5.4.3;6.4.3 Aboriginal and State interrelationships;126
5.5.4.4;6.4.4 The Road to Self-Governance;128
5.5.5;6.5 Strengthening Adaptive Capacity in a Northern Social-Ecological System;131
5.5.5.1;6.5.1 Building Social and Cultural Capital;131
5.5.5.2;6.5.2 Improving Human Resources;133
5.5.5.3;6.5.3 Education and Knowledge Transfer;134
5.5.5.4;6.5.4 Policy Development for Adaptation;135
5.5.6;6.6 Conclusions;136
5.5.7;References;137
5.6;Chapter 7: Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity in Arctic Communities;141
5.6.1;7.1 Introduction;141
5.6.1.1;7.1.1 The Community Adaptation and Vulnerability in Arctic Regions Project;142
5.6.2;7.2 Vulnerability Contexts;145
5.6.2.1;7.2.1 Local Culture and Society;145
5.6.2.2;7.2.2 Subsistence-Related Livelihoods;148
5.6.2.3;7.2.3 Market-Related Enterprises;150
5.6.2.4;7.2.4 Community Infrastructure;153
5.6.3;7.3 Adaptive Capacity;155
5.6.3.1;7.3.1 Local Capacity in a Global Context;155
5.6.3.2;7.3.2 Flexibility and Diversity;158
5.6.4;7.4 Conclusions;160
5.6.5;References;161
5.7;Chapter 8: Climate Change, Adaptive Capacity, and Governance for Drinking Water in Canada;165
5.7.1;8.1 Introduction;165
5.7.2;8.2 Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity;166
5.7.3;8.3 Case Studies;169
5.7.3.1;8.3.1 Urban Water Supply;170
5.7.3.2;8.3.2 Water Quality and Health in Aboriginal Communities;175
5.7.4;8.4 Discussion and Conclusions;180
5.7.5;References;182
5.8;Chapter 9: Institutional Fit and Interplay in a Dryland Agricultural Social-Ecological System in Alberta, Canada;187
5.8.1;9.1 Introduction;187
5.8.2;9.2 The Special Areas of Alberta, Canada;189
5.8.2.1;9.2.1 Phase I: Open-Range Ranching, 1880-1906;191
5.8.2.2;9.2.2 Phase II: Monoculture Wheat-Crop Cultivation, 1908-1920s;192
5.8.2.3;9.2.3 Phase III: The Special Areas and Mixed Ranching, 1930s to Present;194
5.8.3;9.3 Discussion and Conclusion;198
5.8.4;References;201
6;Section II: Frontiers in Adaptive Capacity;204
6.1;Chapter 10: The Learning Dimension of Adaptive Capacity: Untangling the Multi-level Connections;205
6.1.1;10.1 Introduction;205
6.1.2;10.2 Defining Learning and the Social Units of Analysis;207
6.1.2.1;10.2.1 Individual Learning;208
6.1.2.2;10.2.2 Action Group Learning;210
6.1.2.3;10.2.3 Organizational Learning;212
6.1.2.4;10.2.4 Network Learning;213
6.1.2.5;10.2.5 Societal Learning;214
6.1.3;10.3 Multi-level Learning Connections;215
6.1.3.1;10.3.1 Social-Cognitive Filters;215
6.1.3.2;10.3.2 Facilitated Platforms;217
6.1.3.3;10.3.3 Organizational Frames;218
6.1.3.4;10.3.4 Adaptive Co-management Arrangements;219
6.1.3.5;10.3.5 Community-Based Social Marketing;220
6.1.4;10.4 Power Differentials;220
6.1.5;10.5 Conclusion;222
6.1.6;References;224
6.2;Chapter 11: Adaptive Capacity as a Dynamic Institutional Process: Conceptual Perspectives and Their Application;228
6.2.1;11.1 Introduction;228
6.2.2;11.2 Adaptive Capacity in Context;230
6.2.3;11.3 Adaptive Capacity and Institutional Structures;235
6.2.4;11.4 Adaptive Capacity and Institutional Dynamics;236
6.2.5;11.5 Operationalizing New Institutionalism in an ``Arctic Gateway City´´;241
6.2.6;11.6 Conclusion;244
6.2.7;References;245
6.3;Chapter 12: Sociobiology and Adaptive Capacity: Evolving Adaptive Strategies to Build Environmental Governance;248
6.3.1;12.1 Introduction;248
6.3.2;12.2 Frames of Reference to Understand Adaptive Capacity;249
6.3.3;12.3 Evolutionary Biology and Adaptive Capacity;253
6.3.3.1;12.3.1 A Synopsis of Sociobiology and Reciprocal Altruism;254
6.3.3.2;12.3.2 The Biological Basis of Adaptive Strategies;257
6.3.4;12.4 Conclusion;261
6.3.5;References;263
6.4;Chapter 13: Building Transformative Capacity for Ecosystem Stewardship in Social-Ecological Systems;267
6.4.1;13.1 Introduction;267
6.4.2;13.2 The Problem of Fit and Lock-in Traps in SES;268
6.4.3;13.3 Enhancing the Fit and Unlocking SES;270
6.4.4;13.4 Initiating and Navigating Purposeful Transformations;273
6.4.4.1;13.4.1 Agency and Dynamic Network;274
6.4.4.2;13.4.2 Making New Approaches Stick;276
6.4.5;13.5 The Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve;277
6.4.6;13.6 The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park;279
6.4.7;13.7 Discussion;282
6.4.8;13.8 Conclusion;285
6.4.9;References;285
6.5;Chapter 14: Adapting and Transforming: Governance for Navigating Change;290
6.5.1;14.1 Introduction;290
6.5.2;14.2 Governance for Navigating Change;292
6.5.3;14.3 Lessons Learned;292
6.5.3.1;14.3.1 Change and Uncertainty;293
6.5.3.2;14.3.2 Blueprints and Panaceas;294
6.5.3.3;14.3.3 Relational Spaces and Institutions;295
6.5.3.4;14.3.4 Scaling Up, Scaling Down, Scaling Out;296
6.5.3.5;14.3.5 Actors and Networks, Networks of Actors;297
6.5.3.6;14.3.6 From Governance to Government?;298
6.5.3.7;14.3.7 Organizations on the Edge;299
6.5.3.8;14.3.8 Knowledge Coproduction and Learning Processes;300
6.5.3.9;14.3.9 The Importance of Ecosystems;301
6.5.3.10;14.3.10 It Takes Two to Tango!;302
6.5.4;14.4 Conclusions;302
6.5.5;References;303
7;Index;306