Bendich / Deckelbaum Preventive Nutrition

The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals
3rd Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-1-59259-880-9
Verlag: Humana Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 984 Seiten

Reihe: Nutrition and Health

In this major revision and expansion of a highly respected reference work, the authors have created the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the nutritional strategies available for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health through nutrition. This new edition combines fully updated versions of the best chapters of the first two editions with updated critical chapters from the much-praised Primary and Secondary Preventive Nutrition, and adds 16 new chapters. Here, practicing health professionals will find all new reviews of lycopene, tomatoes and prostate cancer, soy and cancer prevention; the effects of dietary supplement use on prescription drugs, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease; balanced, data-driven reviews of the effects of antioxidant supplements on health outcomes, and more. By synthesizing the latest data and integrating it into the broad body of existing information, this book provides in-depth guidance on nutrition and the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, bone diseases, obesity, and diabetes, and on achieving optimal pregnancies and birth outcomes.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bendich, Adrianne

Deckelbaum, Richhard J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;6
2;Series Editor’s Introduction;7
3;Foreword;10
4;Preface;12
5;Contents;16
6;Contributors;20
7;Value- Added eBook/ PDA;24
8;PREVENTIVE NUTRITION OVERVIEW;25
8.1;Preventive Nutrition;26
9;CANCER PREVENTION;46
9.1;Prevention of Cancers of the Esophagus and Stomach;47
9.2;Non-Nutritive Components in Foods as Modifiers of the Cancer Process;77
9.3;Dietary Supplements and Cancer Risk;111
9.4;Soy Consumption and Cancer Prevention;144
9.5;Tomato, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer;177
10;CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION;191
10.1;Iron and Heart Disease;192
10.2;Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk;210
10.3;n-3 Fatty Acids from Fish and Plants;240
10.4;Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease;264
10.5;Health Effects of Trans Fatty Acids;297
11;DIABETES AND OBESITY;309
11.1;Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Childhood and Adolescence;310
11.2;Prevention of Pediatric Obesity;337
11.3;Can Childhood Obesity Be Prevented?;360
11.4;Obesity and Chronic Disease;397
12;BONE DISEASES;416
12.1;Osteoarthritis;417
12.2;Calcium Requirements During Treatment of Osteoporosis in Women;436
12.3;Osteoporosis;443
13;PREVENTION OF MAJOR DISABILITIES: IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTH OUTCOMES;471
13.1;Antioxidant Status and Risk for Cataract;472
13.2;Antioxidant Nutrients and Prevention of Oxidant-Mediated Diseases;513
13.3;Nutritional Supplements and Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Young Children in the United States;529
13.4;Micronutrients and Immunity in Older People;558
13.5;Vitamin A and the Prevention of Morbidity, Mortality, and Blindness;580
14;OPTIMAL PREGNANCY/INFANCY OUTCOMES;607
14.1;Folic Acid-Containing Multivitamins and Primary Prevention of Birth Defects;608
14.2;Maternal Nutrition and Preterm Delivery;633
14.3;Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Optimal Neurodevelopment;668
14.4;Micronutrient Deficiencies and Maternal Thinness;691
15;PREVENTIVE NUTRITION: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES;713
15.1;Potential Benefits of Preventive Nutrition Strategies;714
15.2;Nutrition and Food Policy in Norway;735
15.3;Prevention of Malnutrition in Chile;752
15.4;Effect of Westernization of Nutritional Habits on Obesity Prevalence in Latin America;770
15.5;Effects of Western Diet on Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases in Asia;790
16;CRITICAL ISSUES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY;804
16.1;Alcohol;805
16.2;Influence of Medication on Nutritional Status;830
16.3;Health Claims for Foods and Dietary Supplements;866
16.4;Teaching Preventive Nutrition in Medical Schools;886
16.5;Preventive Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle;897
17;Appendix A;919
18;Appendix B;923
19;Index;927

Leseproben

"3. CANCER OF THE STOMACH (p. 34-35)

A steady decline in gastric cancer has been apparent in many countries for the past several decades. The declining rates were first noted in the United States as early as 1930 (105) and have persisted into this century (1). Survival rates have not appreciably changed (1,106); therefore, the decline in deaths cannot be attributed to better treatment and prolonged survival but, rather, to actual declines in incidence that are now well-documented (107).

This decline, which is believed to reflect changes in environmental factors, has been referred to as an “unplanned triumph,” because the shifts did not result from active medical or public health intervention and are believed to have resulted from large shifts in food processing and consumption (108) as well as a declining prevalence of H. pylori infection. It should be noted that the increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma that was documented in the previous section does include an increase in adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction and gastric cardia.

3.1. Histological Types

Adenocarcinomas account for more than 97% of gastric cancers, and studies of etiology are generally limited to this histological type (109). Building on an earlier observation that gastric carcinomas were often accompanied by features found in intestinal epithelium (110), Lauren (111) proposed a classification of adenocarcinomas into two subtypes: “intestinal” and “diffuse.”

Many, but not all, tumors can be classified into one of these subtypes, because some tumors contain characteristics of both types and others contain characteristics of neither. Diffuse carcinomas, sometimes referred to as “endemic,” tend to occur with similar frequency worldwide, whereas the distribution of intestinal, or “epidemic,” type of carcinomas tends to parallel the distribution of overall gastric cancer rates (i.e., this type is relatively more common in areas with high rates and lower where gastric cancer rates are low) (112).

3.2. Risk Factors

3.2.1. H. PYLORI

Spiral-shaped bacteria in contact with gastric mucosa were first reported by Pel about 100 yr ago (113) and were ignored for the following 90 yr. In 1984, Marshall and Warren (114) reported isolating these bacteria in cultures of biopsies taken from patients with gastritis and peptic ulcers who were undergoing endoscopy. By 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, had determined that infection with H. pylori is carcinogenic to humans, and declared it a Group I carcinogen based on the large body of research developed during the 11-yr period (115). H. pylori infection is one of the most prevalent infections worldwide, with a range of 20 to 40% in developed countries and a range as high as 70 to 90% in some developing countries (116,117)."